spa < Spa, health resort in
Belgium < walloon espa
(= spring, fountain).
space < middle english space
< old french espace (= period, distance,
interval) < latin spatium
(= room, area, distance).
spade (= tool for
digging) < old english spadu < proto-germanic *spadan.
spade (= black figure on
playing cards) < (?) italian spade, plural of spada
(= sword, spade) < latin spatha (= broad) < ancient greek σπάθη | spathē (= broad blade).
spaghetti < italian spaghetti,
plural of spaghetto (= string), a diminutive of spago (= cord).
Spain < middle english Spain
< anglo-french Espayne < late latin Spania < latin Hispania < ancient greek ‘Ισπανία | hIspania (= Spain) < (?) celt-iberian origin.
spald < middle english spald
(= to splinter, chip) < (?) middle
dutch spalden (= to split).
spam < (?) spiced ham < middle
english spice (< old
french espice < late
latin species (= spices,
goods) < latin species (= kind, sort)) + old english hamm (= bend of the knee) (<
proto-germanic *hamma-).
span < old english spannan
(= to join, link, fasten) < proto-germanic
*spannan.
spangle < middle english spangle,
a diminutive of spang (= glittering ornament) < (?) middle dutch spange
(= brooch, clasp) < proto-germanic
*spango.
spaniel < middle english spaniel
< old french [chien] espagneul (= spanish [dog]) < vulgar latin *Hispaniolus
(= of Spain) < a diminutive of latin Hispanus (= Spanish)
< Hispania < ancient greek ‘Ισπανία
| hIspania (= Spain) <
(?) celt-iberian origin.
Spanish < middle english Spainisc < Spaine (= Spain) < old french Espaigne
(= Spain) < latin Hispania < ancient greek ‘Ισπανία
| hIspania (= Spain) <
(?) celt-iberian origin.
spanner < german Spanner < spannen (= to join,
fasten) < proto-germanic
*spannan.
spar (= pole) < middle
english spar (= stout pole) < middle low german / middle
dutch sparre < proto-germanic *sparron.
spar (= go into
box-training) < middle english spar
(= go quickly, to strike) < (?) middle
french esparer (= to kick) <
italian sparare (= to fling) <
latin ex- (= out) + paro [inf. parare] (= make ready, prepare).
spare < old english sparian
(= refrain from harming, allow to go free) < proto-germanic *sparaz.
spark < old english spearca
(= glowing particle thrown off) < proto-germanic
*spark-.
sparkle < middle english sparkle
(= shine giving off sparks) < middle english sparke.
sparrow < old english spearwa < proto-germanic *sparwan
{> old norse spörr, gothic sparwa, old high german sparo, german Sperling} < I.E. *spor-wo-.
sparse < latin sparsus,
past participle of spargo [inf. spargere]
(= to scatter, spread, shower).
Sparta < ancient greek Σπάρτη | Spartē
< (?) 1. σπαρτή | spartē,
female of σπαρτός | spartos (=
sown) or 2. σπάρτον | sparton (= spanish rush), a
type of broom.
spasm < middle english spasm
< old french spasme < latin spasmus
< ancient greek σπασμός
| spasmos (= spasm, convulsion) < σπω | spō (= draw up, tear away).
spastic < latin spasticus
< ancient greek σπαστικός | spastikos (= afflicted with spasms) < σπω |
spō (= draw up, tear away).
spate < middle english spate
(= a sudden flood) < (?) old
french espoit (= flood) <
dutch spuiten (= to flow).
spatial < latin spatium
(= room, area, distance).
spatula < latin spatula
(= broad piece), a diminutive of spatha (= broad) < ancient greek σπάθη | spathē (= broad blade).
spawn < middle english spawn
< anglo-french espaundre / old french espandre
(= to spread out, pour out) < latin
expando
[inf. expandere] (= to spread out, unfold) < ex (= out) + pando
[inf. pandere] (= to spread,
stretch).
spay < middle english spay
< anglo-french espeier (= cut with a sword) < middle french espeer < old french espee
(= sword) < latin spatha
(= broad) < ancient greek
σπάθη
| spathē (= broad blade).
speak < old english specan
< sprecan
< proto-germanic *sprekanan
{> old norse spraki, middle dutch spreken, old high
german sprehhan, german sprechen} < I.E. *spreg-(1) (= to
speak).
spear < old
english spere (= spear, javelin, lance) < proto-germanic *spero.
special < middle english special
< old french (e)special
(= special, particular) < latin specialis (= individual,
particular) < species (= sort, kind,
appearance).
species < middle english species
< latin species (= sort, kind, appearance) < I.E. *spek-
(= to observe).
spectacle < middle english spectacle
< old french spectacle < latin spectaculum (= public show,
spectacle) < specto [inf. spectare] (= to view, watch) < specio
[inf. specere] (= to look at) < I.E. *spek-
(= to observe).
spectrum < latin spectrum
(= appearance, image, specter) < specio [inf. specere] (= to look at) < I.E. *spek-
(= to observe).
speculation < middle english speculation
< old french speculacion < late latin
speculatio
(= contemplation, observation) < latin
speculatus,
past participle of speculor [inf. speculari]
(= observe) < specio [inf. specere] (= to look at) < I.E. *spek-
(= to observe).
speculum < latin speculum
(= reflector, looking-glass, mirror, imitation) < specio [inf. specere]
(= to look at) < I.E. *spek-
(= to observe).
speech < old english spæc
(= act of speaking, statement, discourse) < spræc (= act of speaking) <
proto-germanic *sp(r)ek- {> danish sprog, dutch spraak, german
Sprache}.
speed < old english sped
(= success, prosperity, luck) < proto-germanic *spodiz.
spell < middle english spell
< old english spellian (= to tell, speak) < proto-germanic *spellam.
spelunk < middle english spelunk
< old french spelonque / latin spelunca
(= cave) < ancient greek σπήλυγξ
| spēlygx (= cave, cavern) < σπήλος | spēlos (= cave).
Spencer < middle english Spencer
< anglo-french espencer / old french despencier
(= dispenser, butler, steward) < despense (= larder) < despenser (= distribute)
< latin dispenso [inf. dispensare] (= distribute) < dis- (= out) + pendo
[inf. pendere] (= to hang).
spend < old english -spendan
< medieval latin spendo
[inf. spendere] < latin
expendo
[inf. expendere] (= pay down) / dispendo
[inf. dispendere] (= to pay out) <
ex
(= out) / dis- (= out) + pendo [inf. pendere] (= to hang).
sperm < middle english sperm
< (?) old french esperme < late latin sperma
(= seed, semen) < ancient greek
σπέρμα
| sperma (= seed, sown) < σπείρω | spoerō (= to sow).
spermaceti < middle english spermaceti
< medieval latin sperma ceti (= sperm of whale) < latin sperma
(= seed, semen) (< ancient greek
σπέρμα
| sperma (= seed, sown) < σπείρω | spoerō (= to sow)) + cetus
[gen. ceti] (= whale) (< ancient greek κήτος | kētos
(= whale)).
spermatozoon < ancient greek σπέρμα
| sperma [gen. σπέρματος | spermatos] (= seed, sown) (<
σπείρω
| spoerō (= to sow)) + ζώον
| zōon (= animal).
spew < old english spiwan
(= spew, spit) < proto-germanic
*spiew-.
sphere < middle english sphere
< spere
< anglo-french espiere
/ old french espere < latin sphaera (= globe, ball, celestial
sphere) < ancient greek
σφαίρα
| sphaera (= globe, ball, terrestrial
globe).
sphinx < latin Sphinx < ancient greek Σφιγξ
| Sphigx, a mythological monster.
spice < middle english spice
< old french espice < late latin species (= spices, goods) < latin species (= kind, sort)
spider < middle english spither
/ spydyr < spiþer
/ spiþre
/ spiþur
< old english spiðra < proto-germanic *spin-thron-
(= spinner).
spiel < german spielen
(= to play) < old high german
spilon.
spill < old english spillan
(= destroy, kill, waste) < spildan (= destroy) < proto-germanic *spilthjan.
spin < old english spinnan
< proto-germanic *spenwan.
spinach < middle english spinach
< anglo-french spinache / old french espinache
< old provençal espinarc
< (?) catalan espinac < arabic isbinakh < isbanakh < persian aspanakh
(= spinach).
spinal < late latin spinalis
(= of thorn, of spine) < latin
spina
(= thorn, prickle, backbone).
spindle < middle english spindle
< old english spinel (= instrument for spinning) < spinnan < proto-germanic *spenwan.
spine < middle english spine
< old french espine (= thorn, prickle, backbone) < latin spina
(= thorn, prickle, backbone).
spinster < middle english spinster
< middle english spinnen (= spin fibers into thread)
+ [suffix] -stere.
spiral < middle french spiral
< medieval latin spiralis
(= coiling) < latin spira
(= coil, fold, twist) < ancient
greek σπείρα | spoera (= a
winding, coil, twist).
spire < old english spir
(= sprout, spike, blade) < proto-germanic
*spiraz.
spirit < middle english spirit
< anglo-french spirit
/ old french espirit (= spirit, soul) < latin
spiritus
(= a breathing, breath of a god).
spit (= expel saliva) <
old english spittan / spætan < proto-germanic *spitjan.
spit (= rod for
roasting meat) < old english spitu (= a spit) < proto-germanic *spituz.
spite < middle english spite,
a shortening of despit (= malice) <
old french despit < latin despectus, past participle of despicio
[inf. despicere] (= look down on, scorn) < de (= off, down from) + specio
[inf. specere] / spicio [inf. spicere] (= to look at, watch).
spleen < middle english spleen
< old french esplen < latin splen < ancient greek σπλην
| splēn (= the milt, spleen).
splendid < (?) a shortening of splendidious
< latin splendidus
(= bright, shining, gorgeous) < splendeo
[inf. splendere] (= be bright, shine).
splice < middle dutch splissen
(= to splice) < proto-germanic
*spli-.
splint < middle english splint
< (?) middle low german splinte / splente
(= thin piece of iron).
split < (?) low german source < proto-germanic *spleitanan
< I.E. *(s)plei- (= to split, splice).
spoil < middle english spoil
< old french espillier
(= to strip, plunder) < latin
spolio
[inf. spoliare] (= to strip, uncover,
rob) < spolia, plural of spolium
(= arms taken from an enemy, booty).
spoke < old english spaca
(= radius) < proto-germanic
*spaikon.
spondyle < french spondyle
< latin spondylus < ancient greek σπόνδυλος
| spondylos (= vertebra).
sponge < old english sponge
/ spunge < latin spongia
(= sponge) < ancient greek
σπογγία
| sponggia (= sponge), related
to σπόγγος |
sponggos (= sponge).
sponsor < late latin sponsor
(= sponsor in baptism) < latin
sponsor (= guarantee, bondsman) < sponsus, past participle
of spondeo
[inf. spondere] (= give assurance).
spontaneous < late latin spontaneus
(= willing) < latin [sua] sponte (= of [one's] own
accord, willingly), ablative of spons [gen. spontis] (= of own, self).
spook < dutch spook < middle dutch spooc
(= spook, ghost).
spool < middle english spool
< old french (e)spole (= spool) < middle dutch spoele
(= spool) < proto-germanic
*spolon.
spoon < old english spon
(= sliver, splinter of wood) < proto-germanic
*spe-nu-.
spoor < afrikaans spoor < dutch spoor < middle dutch spor
< proto-germanic *spur-am.
sporadic < medieval latin sporadicus
< ancient greek σποραδικός
| sporadikos (= scattered) < σποράς | sporas [gen. σποράδος |
sporados] (= scattered, dispersed) <
σπορά
| spora (= a sowing) < σπείρω | spοerō (= to sow).
spore < modern latin spora < ancient greek σπορά
| spora (= a sowing) < σπείρω | spοerō (= to sow).
sport < middle english sport
< old french de(s)porter (= to amuse, please, play) < des- (= away) + porter
(= to carry) < latin dis-
(= away), porto [inf. portare]
(= to carry).
spot < middle english spot <
old english splott (= a spot, blot, patch) / middle
dutch spotte (= spot, speck).
spouse < middle english spouse < old french spouse,
female of spous (= marriage
partner) < espous / espouse < latin sponsus (= bridegroom) < sponsus, past participle
of spondeo
[inf. spondere] (= to bind, give
assurance).
spout < middle english spout
< proto-germanic
*sput-.
sprawl < old english spreawlian
(= move convulsively).
spray < middle dutch sprayen < proto-germanic *sprewjan.
spread < middle english spread
< (?) old english sprædan (= to spread, extend) < proto-germanic *spreit-.
spring (season of the
year) < middle english spring (= time of springing, first
appearance, beginning).
spring (= source of water)
< old english spring (= spring, source,
sprinkling) < spring (= to leap) < old english springan
(= to leap, burst forth, spread, grow) <
proto-germanic *sprengan.
spring (= to leap) < old english springan
(= to leap, burst forth, spread, grow) <
proto-germanic *sprengan.
sprinkle < middle english sprinkle
< 1. sprenge < proto-germanic
*sprengan
or 2. middle dutch / middle low german sprenkel
(= spot, speck).
sprint < (?) sprenten (= to leap,
spring) < scandinavian
source.
sprit < old english spreot
(= pole, pike, spear) < proto-germanic
*sprut-.
sprout < old english -sprutan
< proto-germanic *sprut-.
spruce (= fir-tree) < spruse
(= of Prussian [wood]) <
Spruce
/ Sprws
(= Prussia) < old french Pruce (= Prussia).
spruce (= neat, smart) < spruce [leather] (=
of Prussian [leather]) <
Spruce
/ Sprws
(= Prussia) < old french Pruce (= Prussia).
spume < middle english spume
< old french spume < latin spuma
(= foam).
spunk < scottish spunk
< gaelic spong (= tinder, sponge) < latin spongia
(= sponge) < ancient greek
σπογγία
| sponggia (= sponge), related
to σπόγγος |
sponggos (= sponge).
spur < old english spora
/ spura
< proto-germanic *spuron.
spurious < latin spurius
(= illegitimate, false) < spurius
(= illegitimate child) < (?) etruscan
spural
(= public).
spurn < old english spurnan
(= to kick, strike against) < proto-germanic
*spurnon.
sputnik < russian sputnik
(= traveling companion, satellite) < old church slavonic supotiniku
< s(o)- (= with) + put’ (= way) + [suffix] -nik.
sputum < latin sputum,
neuter past participle of spuero [inf. spuere] (= to spit).
spy < middle english spy < old french espiier
(= observe, spy on) < (?) frankish *spehon < proto-germanic *spehon-.
spyware < [2000] spy + software.
squad < french esquade < middle french escadre < spanish escuadra
/ italian squadra (= square, battalion) < vulgar latin *exquadra
< *exquadro [inf. exquadrare]
(= to square) < latin ex
(= out) + quadro [inf. quadrare]
(= make square) (< quadrus (= square) < I.E. *kwetwer- (= four)).
squalid < middle french squalide
< latin squalidus (= rough, filthy).
square < middle english square
< old french esquire
(= square, squareness) < vulgar
latin *exquadra < *exquadro [inf. exquadrare] (= to square)
< latin ex (= out) + quadro [inf. quadrare] (= make square) (<
quadrus
(= square) < I.E. *kwetwer- (= four)).
squash < middle english squachen < old french esquasser
/ escasser
(= to crush, destroy) < vulgar
latin *exquasso [inf. exquassare] < latin ex (= out) + quasso [inf. quassare] (= to shatter).
squat < middle english squat
< old french esquatir
/ escatir
(= compress, press down) < es-
(= out) (< latin ex (= out)) + old french quatir
(= press down, flatten) (< vulgar latin *coacto
[inf. coactire] (= press together,
force) < latin coactus,
past participle of cogo [inf. cogere] (=
to compel, collect) < cum (= with) + ago [inf. agere] (= drive, lead, act).
squeeze < (?) quease < old english cwysan
(= to squeeze) < (?) imitative
origin.
squirrel < middle english squirrel
< anglo-french esquirel
/ old french escurueil < vulgar latin *scuriolus,
a diminutive of *scurius (= squirrel) < latin sciurus < ancient greek σκίουρος
| skiouros (= squirrel) < σκιά
| skia (= shadow) + ουρά | oura (= tail) [so called because it can make a shadow to itself with
its large tail].
squirt < middle english squyrten
(= to spit) < (?) imitative origin.
Sri Lanka < sanskrit sri (= beauty) + Lanka,
the older name of the island.
stab < middle english stab <
scottish stob (= to pierce, stab)
< (?) stub (= stake, nail).
stable (= a stable) < middle english stable
< old french (e)stable (= a stable, stall) < latin stabulum
(= a stall, aviary, cottage).
stable (= reliable) < middle english stable
< old french (e)stable (= constant) < latin stabilis
(= firm, steadfast).
staccato < italian staccato,
past participle of staccare (= to detach), a shortening of distaccare (= separate,
detach) < middle french
destacher < old french destachier
(= to detach) < des- (< latin dis- (= out)) + attachier (= to attach,
fix) (< a- (< latin ad (= to) + (?) frankish
*stakon
(= a post, stake)).
stack < middle english stack
(= pile, heap) < scandinavian source < proto-germanic *stakon- (= a stake).
stadium < middle english stadium
< latin stadium
< ancient greek στάδιον
| stadion (= a measure of length,
race-course, running track).
staff < old english stæf
(= walking stick, pole for carrying,
rod as a weapon, pastoral staff) <
proto-germanic *stab- < I.E. *stebh- (= to post, support, fasten).
stag < middle english stag
< old english stagga (= a stag) < proto-germanic *stag- < I.E. *stegh- (= to
stick, sting).
stage < middle english stage
< old french estage
(= building) < vulgar latin
*staticum
(= place for standing) < latin
statum,
past participle of sto [inf. stare] (=
to stand) < I.E. *sta-
(= to stand, make firm).
stagger < middle english stagger
< proto-germanic
*stakon-
(= a stake).
stagnate < latin stagnatus,
past participle of stagno [inf. stagnare]
(= to stagnate) < stagnatum
(= standing water, pond, swamp).
stain < middle english stain
< a merge of old norse steina (= to paint) + middle
english disteynen (= to discolor)
(< old french desteindre
(= remove the color) < des-
(< latin dis- (= out)) + old french
teindre
(= to dye) < latin tingo
[inf. tingere] (= to color, dye)).
stair < old english stæger
(= stair, flight of steps, staircase)
< proto-germanic *staigri {> dutch
steiger, german Steig} <
I.E. *steigh- (= go, step, walk).
stake < old
english staca (= pin, stake) <
proto-germanic *stakon
< I.E. *steg-(1) (= pole, stick).
stalactite < modern latin stalactites
< ancient greek σταλακτός
| stalaktos (= dripping) < σταλάσσω | stalassō (= to trickle).
stalagmite < modern latin stalagmites
< ancient greek σταλαγμός
| stalagmos (= a dropping) < σταλάσσω | stalassō (= to trickle).
stale < middle english stale
< old french estale
(= settled, clear) < estal
(= place, fixed position) < frankish
*stal-
(= position) < proto-germanic
*stol- < I.E. *stel-
(= to put, stand).
stalk < middle english stalk
< (?) a diminutive of stale (= handle, stalk) < old english stalu
(= wooden part) < proto-germanic
*stalla-.
stall (= place in a stable) < old
english steall (= standing place, position) < proto-germanic *stalli-.
stall (= delay) < stale (= bird used to lure other birds) < anglo-french estale (= decoy, pigeon used to lure
a hawk) < old french estal
(= place, stand) < frankish
*stal-
(= position) < germanic source.
stallion < middle english stallion
< staloun < anglo-french
estaloun
/ old french estalon (= stallion) < frankish *stal
< proto-germanic *stol-
< I.E. *stel- (= to put, stand).
stamen < modern latin stamen < latin stamen
[gen. staminis] (= thread, warp, stamen).
stamina < latin stamina
(= threads), plural of stamen [gen. staminis] (= thread, warp,
stamen).
stammer < old english stamerian
(= to stammer) < proto-germanic
*stamro-.
stamp < old english stempan
(= to pound in a mortar) < proto-germanic
*stamp-.
stance < (?) middle french stance
(= resting place, harbor) < vulgar
latin *stantia (= place, abode) <
latin stans [gen. stantis],
present participle of sto [inf. stare] (= to stand) < I.E.
*sta-
(= to stand, make firm).
stanch < middle english stanch
< old french estanchier
(= stop, hinder) < vulgar
latin *stanco [inf. stancare]
< (?) *stagnico [inf. stagnicare] < latin stagnum
(= pond, pool).
stanchion < middle english stanchion
< old french estanchon
(= prop, brace, support) < (?) estant (= upright) < estant, present
participle of ester (= be upright, stand)
< latin sto [inf. stare] (= to stand) < I.E.
*sta-
(= to stand, make firm).
stand < old english standan
(= occupy a place, stand firm, stay) <
proto-germanic *standanan.
standard < middle english
standard
< 1. old french estandart (= military standard,
banner) [so called because the banner was fixed to a pole stuck in the ground]
< (?) frankish *standhard (= stand fast, stand firm) [as a compound of unrecorded words cognate
stand + hard] or 2. old
french estendre (= to stretch out)
< latin extendo [inf. extendere] < ex (= out) + tendo [inf. tendere] (=
to stretch).
staple (= bent piece of
metal) < middle english staple < old english stapol (= post, pillar) < proto-germanic *stapulaz
(= pillar).
staple (= principal article grown in a country) <
middle english staple < anglo-frenche staple / old french estaple
(= counter, stall, depot) < germanic
source.
star < old english steorra
(= star) < proto-germanic
*sternan-
{> old norse stjarna, swedish stjerna, danish
stierne, dutch ster, german Stern} < I.E. *ster-(2) (= star) {> ancient greek αστήρ |
astēr}.
starch < middle english starch
< old english *st(i)ercan (= make rigid) < proto-germanic
*starkjan
(= make hard).
stare < old english starian
(= to stare, gaze) < proto-germanic
*staren
(= be rigid).
stark < old english stearc
(= stiff, strong, hard) < proto-germanic
*starka-.
start < old english *stiertan
/ *steortian
< styrtan
(= to leap up) < proto-germanic
*stert-.
starve < old english steorfan
(= become stiff, die) < proto-germanic
*sterbanan
(= be stiff, starve).
state < middle english
state
< old french estat
(= position, condition, status) < latin status (= a station,
position, place) < sto [inf. stare] (= to stand) < I.E.
*sta-
(= to stand, make firm).
stater < middle english stater
< ancient greek
στατήρ
| statēr < ‘ίσταμαι |
histamae (= cause to stand,
fix, place in a balance) < I.E.
*sta-
(= to stand, make firm).
static < modern latin statica < ancient greek στατικός
| statikos (= causing to stand) < ‘ίσταμαι |
histamae (= cause to stand,
fix, place in a balance) < I.E.
*sta-
(= to stand, make firm).
station < middle english station
< old french (e)stacion (= site, location) < latin statio
(= a standing, post, position) < I.E. *steti- < *sta- (= to stand, make
firm).
statistics < german Statistik
< modern latin statisticum
[collegium] (= [lecture course] on
state affairs) < italian
statista
(= a skilled in statecraft) < latin status
(= a station, position, place) < sto [inf. stare] (= to stand) < I.E.
*ste-tu- < *sta- (= to stand, make
firm).
statue < old french (e)statue < latin statua (= image, statue) < statuo
[inf. statuere] (= cause to stand,
set up) < status (= a station,
position, place) < sto [inf. stare] (= to stand) < I.E.
*ste-tu- < *sta- (= to stand, make
firm).
status <
latin status (= a station,
position, place) < sto [inf. stare] (= to stand) < I.E.
*ste-tu- < *sta- (= to stand, make
firm).
status quo <
latin status quo (= the state in which, existing state of affairs) <
latin status (= a station,
position, place) (< sto [inf. stare] (= to stand) < I.E.
*ste-tu- < *sta- (= to stand, make
firm)) + quo (= who, which).
statute < middle english statute
< old french (e)statut < late latin statutum (= a law, decree) < statuo
[inf. statuere] (= cause to stand,
set up) < status (= a station,
position, place) < sto [inf. stare] (= to stand) < I.E.
*ste-tu- < *sta- (= to stand, make
firm).
staunch < middle english staunch
< old french estanche,
female of estanc (= firm, vanquished, water-tight) < vulgar latin *stantico [inf. stanticare] < (?) latin stans [gen. stantis], present participle of sto
[inf. stare] (= to stand) < I.E. *ste-tu- < *sta- (= to stand, make
firm).
stave < middle english staves,
plural of staff < old english stæf (= walking stick, pole for carrying, rod
as a weapon, pastoral staff) < proto-germanic
*stab-
< I.E. *stebh-
(= to post, support, fasten).
stay (= stand) < middle
english stay < old
french estare (= to stay, stand)
< latin sto [inf. stare] (= to stand) < I.E.
*ste-tu- < *sta- (= to stand, make
firm).
stay (= strong rope) < old english stæg
(= rope to support a ship’s mast) <
proto-germanic *stagaz.
stead < old english stede
(= place, position, standing) < proto-germanic
*stadi-
< I.E. *steti-
< *sta- (= to stand, make firm).
steak < middle english steak
< (?) scandinavian source < proto-germanic *staiko-.
steal < old english stelan
(= to rob) < proto-germanic
*stelanan
{> old norse stela, dutch stelen, german
stehlen}.
stealth < middle english stealth
< (?) old english
*stælþ
< proto-germanic *stælitho.
steam < old english steam
(= vapor, fume) < proto-germanic
*staumaz.
steed < old english steda
(= stallion, stud horse) < proto-germanic
*stodjon.
steel < old english style
(= steel) < proto-germanic
*stakhlijan
(= made of steel) {> old norse stal, swedish stål, danish
staal, dutch staal, german Stahl} < I.E. *stek-lo- < *stak- (= to stand, be firm).
steep (= to soak in a liquid) < old english steep
< proto-germanic
*staupijanan.
steep (= having a sharp slope) < old english steap
(= high, lofty, deep) < proto-germanic
*staupa-.
steeple < old english st(i)epel (= high tower) <
proto-germanic *staupilaz.
steer (= young ox) < old english steor (= bullock) < proto-germanic *steuraz.
steer (= guide) < old english st(i)eran (= steer, guide,
direct) < proto-germanic
*steurjanan.
stele < ancient greek στήλη
| stēlē (= standing block, slab).
stell < old english stellan
(= to place, put, set) < proto-germanic
*staljanan.
Stella < latin stella
(= star) < I.E. *sterla-
< *ster-(2)
(= star).
stellar < late latin stellaris
(= of a star, starry) < stella
(= star) < I.E. *sterla-
< *ster-(2)
(= star) {> ancient greek αστήρ
| astēr}.
stem < old english stemn
/ stefn
(= stem of a plant, trunk) < proto-germanic
*stamniz
< I.E. *sta-
(= to stand, make firm).
stem (= hold back)
< middle english stem < proto-germanic *stamjan.
stench < old english stenc
(= a smell, odor, scent) < proto-germanic
*stankwiz.
stencil < (?) middle english stencellen
(= decorate with bright colors) < middle
french estenceler (= cover with sparkles or stars) < estencele (= spark, spangle) < vulgar latin *stincilla < latin scintilla
(= spark).
stenography < ancient greek στενός | stenos (= narrow) + -γραφία |
-graphia (= a writing) (< γράφω | graphō (= write, draw)).
stentorian < ancient greek Στέντωρ
| Stentōr, a hero in the Trojan War [with
powerful voice as loud as 50 men].
step < old english steppan
/ stæppan
(= take a step) < west germanic *stap- (= tread) < I.E. *stebh-
(= post, stem, to support).
Stephanie < female of Stephen
(q.v.).
Stephen < latin Stephanus < ancient greek Στέφανος
| Stephanos < στέφανος | stephanos (= crown, wreath, crown of
victory) < στέφω | stephō (= to encircle, crown).
steppe < german steppe
< russian step’.
stereo < a shortening
of stereotype
/ stereoscope / stereophonic.
sterile < middle english sterile
(= barren) < middle french stérile
(= not producing fruit) < latin
sterilis
(= barren, unproductive, unfruitful).
sterling < middle english sterling
(= silver penny) < (?) 1. middle
english sterre (= star) [from the stars designed on this coin] + [suffix]
-ling
or 2. old french estedre (= stater).
stern < old english styrne
(= severe, strict) < proto-germanic
*sternjaz.
sternum < ancient greek στέρνον
| sternon (= chest, breast,
breastbone).
stethoscope < french stéthoscope
< ancient greek στήθος | stēthos (= chest, breast) + σκοπώ | skopō (= watch, examine).
Steven < Stephen
< latin Stephanus < ancient greek Στέφανος
| Stephanos < στέφανος | stephanos (= crown, wreath, crown of
victory) < στέφω | stephō (= to encircle, crown).
stew < middle english stew < old french estuver
(= have a hot bath) < (?) vulgar latin *extufo [inf. extufare] (= evaporate) < ex (= out) + *tufus
(= vapor, steam) (< ancient greek τύφος
| typhos (= smoke)).
steward < old english stiward
/ stigweard
(= house guardian, housekeeper) < stig
(= hall, part of a house) + weard (= guard) (< proto-germanic
*wardaz
(= guard)).
stick < old english stician
(= to pierce, transfix) < proto-germanic
*stik-
(= pierce, prick).
stickler < stickle
(= mediate) < (?) middle english stighten (= to arrange) < old english stihtan
(= to rule, direct) < (?) proto-germanic *stihtan.
stiff < old english stif
(= inflexible, rigid) < proto-germanic
*stifaz
(= inflexible).
stifle < middle english stifle
(= to choke, suffocate) < (?) old
french estouffer (= to stifle, smother) < (?) germanic source.
stigma < latin stigma
< ancient greek στίγμα
| stigma (= mark, puncture, tattoo-mark)
< στίζω | stizō (= to
mark, tattoo).
stile < old english stigel
/ stile
(= ladder) < proto-germanic
*stig-
(= to climb).
stiletto < italian stiletto,
a diminutive of stilo (= dagger) <
latin stilus (= pointed instrument for writing).
still < old english stille
(= motionless, stable) < proto-germanic
*stilli-.
stilt < middle english stilt
(= a crutch) < proto-germanic *steltijon.
stimulation < latin stimulatio
(= incitement) < stimulo [inf. stimulare]
(= prick, urge) < stimulus
(= spur, goad, sting).
sting < old english stingan
(= stab, pierce, prick) < proto-germanic
*stingan.
stink < old english stincan
(= emit a smell, exhale) < proto-germanic
*stankwiz.
stint < old english styntan
(= blunt, make dull) < proto-germanic
*stuntijanan.
stipend < middle english stipend
< latin stipendium
(= tax, tribute, pay) < stips
(= small payment, gift) + pendo [inf. pendere] (= to hang, weigh, pay).
stipple < dutch stippelen
(= to make points) < stippen (= to prick) < stip (= a point).
stipulation < latin stipulatio
< stipulor
[inf. stipulari] (= exact a promise,
engage) < stipula (= stalk of hay, straw).
stipule < french stipule < latin stipula
(= stalk of hay, straw).
stir < old english styrian
(= to stir, move, urge) < proto-germanic
*sturjan.
stirrup < old english stigrap
< stige (= a climbing,
ascent) + rap (= rope).
stitch < old english stice
(= a prick, puncture, sting) < proto-germanic
*stikiz.
stochastic < ancient greek στοχαστικός
| stokhastikos (= able to guess,
conjecturing) < στοχάζομαι | stokhazomae (= to guess, aim at,
conjecture) < στόχος | stokhos (= a guess, aim, target).
stock < old
english stocc (= stump, post, stake, log) < proto-germanic *stauk- (= tree trunk).
stockade < spanish estacada < estaca (= stake) < germanic source.
Stockholm < swedish
Stockholm
< [stock (= stake) / stäk (= bay)] + holm (= island).
stoic < middle english stoic
< latin stoicus < ancient greek Στωικός | Stōikos, a kind of philosopher < στωικός
| stōikos (= of a porch) < στοά | stoa (= porch) [a specific porch in
Athens, where philosopher Zeno taught].
stoke < stoker
< dutch stoken (= to stoke) < middle dutch stoken
(= to poke, thrust) < proto-germanic
*stok-
(= pierce, prick).
stole < old english stole
(= long robe) < latin stola
(= robe, vestment) < ancient greek
στολή
| stolē (= long robe) < στέλλω | stellō (= to place, array, send).
stolidity < middle french stolidite
< late latin stoliditas (= dullness, stupidity) <
latin stolidus (= dull, slow, stupid).
stomach < middle english stomach
< stomake < old
french stomaque / estomac (= stomach) < latin stomachus
< ancient greek στόμαχος
| stomachos (= throat, gullet) < στόμα | stoma (= mouth) + έχω | ekhō (= have).
stone < old english stan
< proto-germanic *stainaz
{> old norse steinn, danish steen, dutch
steen, gothic stains, german Stein} < I.E. *stoi-no- < *stai-
(= stone).
Stonehenge < middle english Stanenges
(= stone gallows) [(?) so called from
resemblance to old-style gallows with two posts].
stool < old english stol
(= seat for one person) < proto-germanic
*stola-.
stoop < old english stupian
(= to bend) < proto-germanic
*stup-.
stop < old english -stoppian
< west germanic source.
store < middle english store
< old french estorer
(= erect, construct, restore) < latin instauro
[inf. instaurare] (= set up, establish,
restore, store) < in
(= into) + -stauro [inf. -staurare] (= to stand).
stork < old english storc
< proto-germanic *sturkaz.
storm < old english storm
< proto-germanic *sturmaz (= storm) {> old norse
stormr, dutch storm, german Sturm}.
story (= narration) <
middle english story < old french estorie / estoire (= story,
history) < late latin storia
< latin historia (= history, tale, story) < ancient greek ‘ιστορία
| historia (= history) < ‘ίστωρ | histōr (= knowledgeable, judge) < stem ‘ίσ- | his- of οίδα | oeda (= know).
story (= floor) < middle
english story < anglo-latin
historia
(= floor of a building, picture) [(?)
so called because of the decorated front of buildings with rows of painted
windows] < latin historia
(= history, tale, story) < ancient
greek ‘ιστορία | historia
(= history) < ‘ίστωρ | histōr (= knowledgeable, judge) [<
stem ‘ίσ- | his- of
οίδα | oeda (= know).
stoup < middle english stoup
(= jug) < proto-germanic *staupo-.
stour < middle english stour
< anglo-french estur
/ old french estour (= conflict, assault, battle) < proto-germanic *sturmaz
(= storm).
stout < middle english stout
< old french estout
(= brave, proud) < estolt (= strong) < west germanic *stult-
(= proud).
stove < middle english stove
(= heated room, bath-room) < 1. middle low german / middle
dutch stove (= heated room)
< west germanic source or 2. vulgar latin *extufo
[inf. extufare] (= evaporate) < ex (= out) + *tufus
(= vapor, steam) (< ancient greek τύφος
| typhos (= smoke)).
stow < middle english stow
(= to put, place) < old
english stow (= a place, spot) <
proto-germanic *stowo-.
strabismus < ancient greek στραβισμός |
strabismos < στραβίζω |
strabhizō (= to squint) < στραβός | strabos (= squinting, squint-eyed).
straddle < (?) middle english striddle
< striden
< proto-germanic *stridanan.
strafe < german strafen
(= to punish) < proto-germanic *stræf-.
straggle < middle english straggle
< (?) middle english straken (= to move, go).
straight < middle english
straight
< old english streht, past participle of streccan
(= to stretch).
strain (= pressure) < middle english strain
(= tie, bind) < old french estreindre (= bind tightly, squeeze) < latin stringo
[inf. stringere] (= draw tight, bind tight).
strain (= lineage) < middle
english strain < old
english strion / streon (= a gain, treasure) < proto-germanic *streu-nam-
(= to pile up).
strait < middle english strait
(= narrow, strict) < old french estreit
/ estrait
(= tight, narrow) < latin strictus,
past participle of stringo [inf. stringere]
(= bind tight, draw tight).
strand (= beach) < old
english strand < proto-germanic
*strandaz.
strand (= fiber of a
string) < middle english strand < (?) germanic source.
strange < middle english strange
< old french estrange
(= foreign, unfamiliar, curious) <
latin extraneus (= foreign, external) < extra (= outside of).
strangle < middle english strangle
< old french estrangler
(= choke, throttle) < latin
strangulare (= to choke, stifle) <
ancient greek στραγγαλώ |
stranggalō (= to choke,
twist) < στραγγάλη |
stranggalē (= a halter,
cord, lace).
strap < scottish strap
< strope (= loop, strap) < (?) old french estrop
(= strap) < latin stroppus
(= strap, band) < (?) ancient greek στρόφος | strophos (= twisted band, cord) < στρέφω | strephō (= to turn).
strategy < french stratégie
< ancient greek στρατηγία |
stratēgia (= command of a general) < στρατηγός | stratēgos (= general, army commander) < στρατός | stratos (= army) + άγω | agō (= to lead).
strath < scottish strath
< old irish srath (= wide river valley) < old celtic *s(t)rato- < I.E. *stere-
(= to spread).
stratosphere < french stratosphère
(= sphere of layers) < latin
stratus
(= a spreading out) (< sterno [inf. sternere] (= to spread out)) + french -sphère
[as in atmosphere] (< latin sphaera
(= globe, ball, celestial sphere) <
ancient greek σφαίρα | sphaera (= globe, ball, terrestrial globe)).
stratum < modern latin stratum
< latin stratum (= thing spread out,
coverlet) < stratum, neuter past participle of sterno [inf. sternere] (= to spread out).
straw < old english streaw
< proto-germanic *straw-
(= that which is spread) < I.E.
*stere-
(= to spread).
strawberry < old english streawberige
/ streaberie < straw (q.v.) + old english
berie
(= berry, grape) (< proto-germanic *basjom).
stray < middle english stray
< old french estraier (= wander about, roam) < estree (= route, high
road) < 1. late latin
strata
< [via] strata (= paved [road]) < latin strata,
female past participle of sterno [inf. sternere] (= to spread out) or 2. vulgar latin *estrago
[inf. estragare] < *estravago
[inf. estravagare] (= wander outside) < latin extra
(= outside of) + vagor [inf. vagari] (=
wander).
streak < old english strica
(= line of motion) < proto-germanic
*strikon-.
stream < old english stream
(= a course of water) < proto-germanic
*strauma-
< I.E. *sreu-
(= to flow).
street < old english stret
/ stræt
(= street, high road) < late latin strata
< [via] strata (= paved [road]) < latin strata,
female past participle of sterno [inf. sternere] (= to spread out).
strength < old english strengþu
/ strengð
(= power, force, vigor) < proto-germanic
*strangitho.
strenuous < middle english strenuous
< latin strenuus
(= active, quick, vigorous, keen).
stress < middle english stress
< distress < old
french estrece (= narrowness, oppression) < vulgar latin *strictia < latin strictus
(= tight), past participle of stringo [inf. stringere] (= draw tight).
stretch < old english streccan
(= stretch, spread out, extend) < proto-germanic
*strakjanan.
strew < old english stre(o)wian (= to scatter) < proto-germanic *strawjan-.
striate < latin striatus,
past participle of strio [inf. striare]
(= to groove, flute) < latin
stria
(= furrow, channel, flute of a column).
strict < middle english strict
< latin strictus
(= tight), past participle of stringo [inf. stringere] (= draw tight).
stride < old english stridan
(= to straddle) < proto-germanic *stridanan.
strident < french strident
< latin stridens [gen. stridentis], present participle of strid(e)o [inf. stridere] (= to
grate, screech).
strife < middle english strife
< old french estrif
(= fight, combat, conflict) < estrif / estrit (= quarrel,
dispute) < (?) frankish *strid (= combat).
strigil < latin strigilis
(= scraper, horse-comb) < stringo
[inf. stringere] (= touch lightly,
strip off, pluck off).
strike < old english strican
< proto-germanic *strikan-
< I.E. *strig-
(= to stroke, press).
string < old english streng
(= line, cord, thread) < proto-germanic
*strangiz
{> old norse strengr, danish streng, dutch
streng, german Strang} <
*strang-
(= taut, stiff) < I.E.
*strenk-
(= tight, narrow).
strip < middle english strip
< old english -striepan
/ -strypan
(= to plunder) < proto-germanic
*straupijan.
strip-tease < stripteaser < strip
(q.v.) + tease (< old english tæsan (= pluck, pull,
tear) < proto-germanic *taisijan).
stripe < middle english stripe
< middle dutch /
middle low german stripe (= stripe, streak) < proto-germanic *stripan
< I.E. *strig-
(= to stroke, press).
strive < middle english strive
< old french estriver
(= to dispute, resist, struggle) <
estrif
/ estrit
(= quarrel) < (?) frankish *strid (= combat).
strobe < stroboscope
< ancient greek στρόβος |
strobos (= a twisting, whirling) + σκοπός | skopos (= target, watcher) (< σκέπτομαι | skeptomae (= watch, examine, think)).
stroke < old english stracian
(= to stroke) < proto-germanic
*straik- < I.E. *strig-
(= to stroke, press).
strong < old english strang
(= powerful, firm) < proto-germanic
*strangaz
{> old norse strangr, dutch streng, german
streng} < (?) I.E. *strenk- (= tight, narrow).
structure < middle english structure
< latin structura
(= adjustment, building) < structus,
past participle of struo [inf. struere] (=
to place together, build, assemble).
strudel < german Strudel
< old high german stredan
(= to bubble, eddy, whirl).
struggle < middle english struggle
< (?) 1. old norse strugr (= ill will) or 2. dutch
struikelen
/ german straucheln (= to stumble).
strut < middle english strouten
< old english strutian
(= stand out stiffly) < proto-germanic
*strut-.
Stuart < old
english stiward / stigweard (= house guardian,
housekeeper) < stig
(= hall, part of a house) + weard (= guard) (< proto-germanic
*wardaz
(= guard)).
stub < old english stybb
(= stump of a tree) < proto-germanic
*stubjaz.
stubble < middle english stubble
< old french estuble
(= stubble) < vulgar latin
*stupla
< latin stipula (= stalk, straw).
stucco < italian stucco < proto-germanic *stukkjam.
stud (= nailhead) < middle
english stud < old
english studu (= pillar, post)
< proto-germanic *stud-.
stud (= horse for breeding) < old
english stod (= herd of horses)
< proto-germanic *stodo.
student < middle english student
< old french estudiant
(= student, scholar) < estudiant, past participle of estudiier (= to study) < medieval latin studio [inf. studiare] (= to study) <
latin studium (= a study, application) < studeo [inf. studere]
(= study, be diligent).
study < middle english study
< old french estudiier
(= to study, apply, examine) < medieval
latin studio [inf. studiare]
(= to study) < latin studium
(= a study, application) < studeo
[inf. studere] (= study, be diligent).
stuff < middle english stuff
< old french estoffe
(= quilted material, furniture) < estoffer
(= to equip, stock) < old high german stopfon (= to plug,
stuff).
stump < middle english stump
< middle low german stump < proto-germanic *stamp-.
stunt < middle english stunt
(= foolish) < old english
stunt
(= stupid) < proto-germanic
*stuntaz
(= short).
stupid < middle french stupide
< latin stupidus (= amazed, dull, foolish) < stupeo [inf. stupere] (= be stunned, be amazed).
sturdy < middle english sturdy
< old french estordi
(= violent) < estordi, past participle
of estordiir
(= to daze, stun) < vulgar
latin *exturdio [inf. exturdire]
< latin ex (= out) + turdus (= thrush).
sturgeon < middle english sturgeon
< anglo-french sturgeon
/ old french esturjon < frankish *sturjo- < proto-germanic
*sturjon-.
stutter < stutt
(= to stutter) < middle english
stutten
(= to stutter, stammer) < proto-germanic
*staut-
(= push, thrust).
style < middle english
stile
< old french (e)stile (= style, fashion, manner,
stake) < latin stilus
(= stake, instrument for writing, mode of expression) [by influence of ancient
greek στύλος | stylos (=
pillar)].
stylus < latin stilus
(= stake, instrument for writing, mode of expression) [by influence of ancient
greek στύλος | stylos (=
pillar)].
styptic < middle english styptic
< old french stiptique
/ latin stypticus < ancient
greek στυπτικός | styptikos (=
astringent) < στύφω | styphō (= to constrict, draw together).
suave < middle english suave
< latin suavis
(= agreeable, sweet, pleasant).
subaltern < middle french subalterne < late latin subalternus < latin sub
(= under) + alternus (= every other).
subject < middle english subject
< old french subget
< latin subjectus,
past participle of subjicio [inf. subjicere]
(= to throw under, make subject) <
sub
(= under) + jacio [inf. jacere]
(= to throw).
subjugate < middle english subjucate
< latin subiugatus, past participle of subjugo
[inf. subjugare] (= subdue) < sub (= under) + jugum
(= yoke).
sublime < middle french sublime
/ latin sublimis (= high, lofty, distinguished) < sub (= under) + limen (= lintel, threshold).
submit < middle english submit
< latin submitto
[inf. submittere] (= to yield, put
under) < sub (= under) + mitto
[inf. mittere] (= let go, send).
suborn < middle french suborner
(= seduce, instigate) < latin suborno [inf. subornare] (= fit out, incite secretly) < sub (= under) + orno
[inf. ornare] (= equip).
subscribe < middle english subscribe
< latin subscribo
[inf. subscribere] (= write
underneath, register) < sub
(= under) + scribo [inf. scribere]
(= to write).
subside < latin subsido
[inf. subsidere] (= sit down, sink,
fall) < sub (= under) + sido
[inf. sidere] (= to settle).
subsist < middle french subsister
< latin subsisto [inf. subsistere] (= to stand still, take position) < sub (= under) + sisto [inf. sistere] (= to stand still, remain, place).
substance < middle english substance
< old french su(b)stance (= goods, composition) < latin substantia
(= being, essence, material) < substans
[gen. substantis], present
participle of substo [inf. substare]
(= stand firm, be present) < sub
(= under) + sto [inf. stare] (=
to stand).
substitution < middle english substitution
< middle french
substitution
/ late latin substitutio (= a putting in place of another) < latin substituo
[inf. substituere] (= put in place of
another) < sub (= under) + statuo
[inf. statuere] (= set up).
subtle < middle english subtle
< sotil (= penetrating,
intricate) < old french
so(u)til, subtil (= adept, wise,
detailed) < latin subtilis
(= thin, delicate, finely woven) <
sub
(= under) + tela (= web, warp of a fabric).
subtraction < middle english subtraction
< late latin subtraction
(= a drawing back) < latin subtraho
[inf. subtrahere] (= take away, draw
off) < sub (= under) + traho
[inf. trahere] (= to pull, draw).
suburb < middle english suburb
< old french suburbe
< latin suburbium
(= an outlying part of a city) < sub
(= under) + urbs [gen. urbis] (= city).
subvert < middle english subvert
< old french subvertir
(= overthrow, destroy) / latin subverto [inf. subvertere] (= overturn) <
sub
(= under) + verto [inf. vertere]
(= to turn).
succeed < middle english succeden
< old french succeder
(= follow on) < latin succedo [inf. succedere] (= come after, mount up, be
victorious) < sub (= under, after) + cedo
[inf. cedere] (= go, move).
succinct < middle english succinct
< middle french
succincte < latin succinctus
(= prepared), past participle of succingo [inf. succingere] (= gird from below)
< sub (= under) + cingo [inf. cingere] (= to gird).
succor < middle english socour
< socours
(= aid) < anglo-french succors
(= help) / old french socors, sucurres (= help) < medieval latin succursus
(= help, assistance) < latin
succursus.
past participle of succurro [inf. succurrere]
(= run to help) < sub
(= under) + curro [inf. currere]
(= to run).
succumb < middle english succumb
< old french succomber
(= succumb, die) < latin succumbo [inf. succumbere] (= submit, lie under) < sub (= under) + -cumbo [inf. -cumbere] (= take a reclining position).
such < middle english such
< old english swylc / swilc (= just as, as if,
such a one) < proto-germanic
*swalikaz
(= so formed) < swa
(= so) + *likan (= form).
suck < old english sucan
< proto-germanic source
< imitative origin.
Sudan < arabic [Bilad-al]-sudan (= country of the blacks) < sud, plural of aswad
(= black).
sudarium < latin sudo
[inf. sudare] (= to sweat) < sudor (= sweat).
sudden < middle english sodaine < anglo-french sodein
/ old french sodain, subdain (= immediate) < vulgar latin *subitanus
< latin subitaneus (= sudden) < subitus, past participle
of subeo
[inf. subire] (= go under, occur
secretly) < sub (= under) + eo
[inf. ire] (= come, go).
suds < (?) 1. middle dutch sudse
(= marsh, bog) or 2. germanic source < proto-germanic *suth- (= boil).
Sue < Susan
< french Susanne < late latin Susanna
< ancient greek Σωσάννα |
Sōsanna < hebrew Shoshannah
(= a lily).
sue < middle english sue < anglo-french suer
(= follow after, continue) / old french suir,
sivre
(= pursue, follow after) <
vulgar latin *sequo [inf. sequere] (= follow) < latin
sequor
[inf. sequi] (= follow).
suede < [gants de] Suède (= [gloves of] Sweden) <
french Suède < low german Swede
< middle low german Swede < Sweon (= Swedes) <
(?) proto-germanic 1. *sweba (= free) or 2. *geswion
(= kinsman).
suet < middle english suet <
(?) old french siu (= fat, grease, tallow) < latin sebum
(= tallow, grease).
Suez < arabic as-suways < egyptian suan
(= beginning) [in reference to the port at the beginning of the Red Sea].
suffer < middle english suffer
< anglo-french suffrir
/ old french sofrir (= endure, tolerate) < vulgar latin *sufferio
[inf. sufferire] < latin
suffero
[inf. sufferre] (= to bear, undergo,
endure) < sub (= under) + fero [inf. ferre] (= to carry, bear).
suffice < middle english suffice
< old french sofire
(= satisfy) < latin sufficio
[inf. sufficere] (= put under, be
enough) < sub (= under) + facio
[inf. facere] (= make, do).
suffix < modern latin suffixum
< latin suffixum, neuter past participle of suffigo
[inf. suffigere] (= fasten, fix on) < sub (= under) + figo
[inf. figere] (= to fasten, fix).
suffocation < middle english suffocation
< middle french
suffocation < latin suffocatio
(= a choking, stifling) < suffoco
[inf. suffocare] (= suffocate,
throttle, stifle) < sub
(= under) + fauces [plural of faux] (= throat, narrow entrance).
suffrage < middle english suffrage
< old french sofrage
(= plea, intercession) < medieval latin suffragium < latin suffragium
(= a support, vote, right of voting) <
suffrago
[inf. suffragari] (= lend support,
vote) < sub (= under) + 1. fragor (= crash, shouts of a voting)
or 2. frango [inf. frangere]
(= to break).
suffuse < latin suffusus,
past participle of suffundo [inf. suffundere]
(= overspread, pour beneath) < sub
(= under) + fundo [inf. fundere] (=
to pour).
sugar < middle english sugre < old french sucre
(= sugar) < medieval latin
succarum < arabic sukkar {> italian zucchero, spanish
azucar, german Zucker, polish cukier, serbian
cukar, russian sakhar} < persian shakar < ancient greek σάκχαρον |
sak-kharon < indic sakhara < sanskrit sharkara
(= grit, candied sugar).
suggestion < middle english suggestion
< anglo-french /
old french suggestioun (= hint, temptation) < latin suggestio
(= addition, suggestion) < suggestus, past participle of suggero
[inf. suggerere] (= bring up, supply,
prompt) < sub (= under) + gero
[inf. gerere] (= bring, carry).
suicide < modern latin suicidium
(= suicide) < latin sui,
genitive of se (= self) + caedo
[inf. caedere] (= to kill).
suit < middle english sute
/ suete
/ suite
/ seute
(= a band of followers, company, set
of matching garments) < anglo-french
suit
/ siwete < old french suite
/ sieute
(= pursuit, act of following) < vulgar
latin *sequita, female of *sequitus < latin secutus, past participle of sequor
[inf. sequi] (= to follow).
sulfur / sulphur < middle english sulfur < anglo-french sulfere / old french soufre
/ sulphur (= sulfur) < late latin sulfur < latin sulphur (= sulfur).
sultan < middle french sultan
< arabic sultan (= power, ruler, king) < aramaic
shultana
(= power) < shelet (= have power).
sum < middle english summe
< anglo-french / old
french somme, summe (= amount, collection) < latin summa
(= the top, summit, gist, amount) < summa, female of summus
(= highest, uppermost).
summary < middle english summary
< latin summarium
(= abstract, summary) < summa
(= the top, summit, gist, amount) < summa, female of summus
(= highest, uppermost).
summer < old
english sumor < proto-germanic
*sumra-
{> old norse sumar, dutch zomer, german
Sommer} < I.E. *sem-(2) (= summer) {> old irish sam, old welsh ham, avestan
hama, sanskrit sama}.
summit < middle english summit
< middle french
somete < old french somete
(= summit, top), a diminutive of som / sum (= highest part, top
of a hill) < latin summum,
neuter of summus (= highest, uppermost).
summon < middle english summon
< anglo-french sumunre
< old french somonre < sumundre / somondre
(= summon) < vulgar latin
*summundero
[inf. summundere] (= to call, cite) < latin summoneo
[inf. summonere] (= hint, advise
privately) < sub (= under) + moneo
[inf. monere] (= to warn, advise).
sumptuary < latin sumptuarius
(= relating to expenses) < sumptus
(= expense, cost) < sumo
[inf. sumere] (= to borrow, buy,
spend) < sub (= under) + emo
[inf. emere] (= to take, buy).
sun < old english sunne
< proto-germanic *sunno
{> old norse sunna, dutch zon, gothic
sunno, german Sonne} < I.E.
*s(u)wen- < *sawel- (= the sun) {> latin
sol, french soleil, spanish sol, irish suil, sanskrit
sura-, ancient greek αέλιος
| a-elios > ‘ήλιος | hēlios}.
Sunday < old english sunna(n)dæg (= day of the sun) < sunnan
(< sunne (= sun) < proto-germanic
*sunno)
+ dæg
(= day) (< proto-germanic *dages-
(= day)).
Sunni < arabic Sunni
(= adherent of the Sunnah) < Sunna (= way, custom,
tradition).
sup (= eat the evening
meal) < middle english sup < old french soper / super (= dine, sup) <
(?) soupe
(= broth) < late latin suppa
(= bread soaked in broth) < proto-germanic
*sup-.
sup (= to sip) < old
english sup(p)an, supian
(= to sip, taste, drink) < proto-germanic *supanan.
super < latin super
(= over, above, beyond) < I.E. *uper (= over).
superb < latin superbus
(= grand, proud, splendid) < super
(= over, above, beyond).
supercilious < latin superciliosus
(= haughty, arrogant) < supercilium
(= eyebrow, haughty demeanor, pride) <
super
(= over, above) + cilium (= eyelid).
superficial < middle english superficial
< late latin superficialis
(= of the surface) < superficies
(= surface, top) < super
(= over, above) + facies (= form, face).
superfluous < middle english superfluous
< latin superfluus
(= unnecessary) < superfluo
[inf. superfluere] (= to overflow) < super (= over, above) + fluo
[inf. fluere] (= to flow).
superior < middle english superior
< old french superior
< latin superior
(= higher), comparative of superus
(= situated above, upper) < super
(= over, above, beyond).
superlative < middle english superlative
< old french superlatif
(= absolute, highest) < late latin superlativus (=
extravagant) < latin superlatus
(= exaggerated), past participle of superfero [inf. superferre] (= carry over)
< super (= over, above) + fero [past participle latus,
inf. ferre] (= to carry, bear).
supernal < middle english supernal
(= heavenly, divine) < old french supernal
(= supreme) < latin supernus (= situated above,
celestial) < super (= over, above, beyond).
supersede < middle english supersede
< middle french
superceder
(= desist, delay, defer) < latin
supersedeo
[inf. supersedere] (= sit on top, stay clear) < super (= over, above) + sedeo
[inf. sedere] (= to sit).
superstition < middle english superstition
< latin superstitio
(= prophecy, dread of the
supernatural) < supersto [inf. superstare]
(= stand over, survive) < super
(= over, above) + sto [inf. stare] (=
to stand).
supervene < latin supervenio
[inf. supervenire] (= come on top,
come after) < super (= over, above) + venio [inf. venire] (= come).
supervise < middle english
supervise
< medieval latin supervisus,
past participle of supervideo [inf. supervidere]
(= oversee, inspect) < latin
super
(= over, above) + video [inf. videre]
(= see).
supine < middle english supine
(= lying on the back) < latin supinus
(= bent backwards, lying on the back, inactive).
supper < middle english soper
(= the last meal of the day) < old french soper
(= evening meal) < soper (= to eat the evening meal) <
germanic origin.
supplant < middle english supplant
< old french suplanter
/ sosplanter
(= trip up, overthrow) / latin supplanto [inf. supplantare] (= trip up, overthrow) < sub (= under) + planta (= sole of the foot).
supple < middle english supple
< old french so(u)ple (= pliant, flexible, humble) < gallo-roman *supples < latin supplex
(= submissive, humbly begging, suppliant).
supply < middle english supply
< old french soupplier
(= fill up) < latin suppleo [inf. supplere] (= make full, complete) < sub (= under) + pleo [inf. plere] (= to fill).
support < middle english support
< old french suporter
(= to bear, endure, sustain) < latin
supporto
[inf. supportare] (= convey, carry) < sub (= under) + porto
[inf. portare] (= to carry).
suppose < middle english suppose
< old french suposer
(= to assume) < (?) *suppondre < latin suppono [inf. supponere] (= put under, subordinate) < sub (= under) + pono [inf. ponere] (= put, place).
suppress < middle english suppress
< latin suppressus,
past participle of supprimo [inf. supprimere]
(= press down, stop) < sub
(= under) + premo [inf. premere]
(= to press).
supreme < middle french suprême
< latin supremus (= highest), superlative of
superus
(= situated above) < super (= over, above, beyond).
sura (= chapter of the Quran) < arabic surah
(= step, degree).
surcharge < middle english surchange
< old french surcharger
(= to overload, overcharge) < sur-
(= over) (< latin super (= over, above)) + chargier
(= to load) (< vulgar latin
*carrico
[inf. carricare] (= load a cart) < latin carrus
(= celtic war chariot) <
gaulish karros (= chariot) < celtic origin).
sure < middle english sure< old french se(u)r (= safe, secure) < latin securus
(= free from care, safe).
surf < (?) suffe < (?) 1.
sough (= rushing sound) or 2.
indic origin.
surface < french surface
< old french sur-
(= above) (< latin super (= over, above)) + face
(< vulgar latin *facia
< latin facies
(= appearance, form) < facio [inf. facere] (= make, do)).
surfeit < middle english surfeit
< old french sorfet
(= excess, arrogance) < surfaire (= overdo) < sur- (= over) (< latin
super
(= over, above)) + faire (= do) (< facio [inf. facere] (= make, do)).
surge < middle english surge
< (?) middle french sourdre (= to rise, swell) < latin surgo
[inf. surgere] (= to rise, get
up) < surrigo [inf. surrigere] < sub (= under) + rego
[inf. regere] (= to guide).
surgeon < middle english sorgien
/ cirurgian
< anglo-french surgien
< old french surgien
/ cirurgien
< cirurgie (= surgery) < late latin chirurgia
< ancient greek χειρουργία
| khoerourgia (= surgery) < χειρουργός | khoerourgos (= working by hand) < χειρ | khoer (= hand) + έργον | ergon (= work).
surgery < middle english sirgirie
< old french surgerie
/ surgeure
< serurgerie < late latin chirurgia
< ancient greek χειρουργία
| khoerourgia (= surgery) < χειρουργός | khoerourgos (= working by hand) < χειρ | khoer (= hand) + έργον | ergon (= work).
surly < middle english sirly
(= lordly, imperious) < sir
{< sire, a title of honor of knight < old french sire (= lord) < vulgar latin
*seior < latin senior
(= older), comparative of senex [gen. senis] (= old)} + [suffix] -ly.
surmise < middle english surmise
(= to charge, allege) < old french surmis,
past participle of surmettre (= to accuse)
< sur- (= upon) (< latin super (= over, above)) + mettre
(= put) (< latin mitto [inf. mittere] (= to send)).
surmount < middle english surmount
< old french surmonter
(= rise above) < sur-
(= beyond) (< latin super (= over, above)) + monter
(= to go up) (< vulgar latin
*monto
[inf. montare] < latin mons [gen. montis] (= mountain)).
surname < middle english surname
< sur (= above) (< latin
super
(= over, above)) + name (< old
english nama / noma (= name, reputation) < proto-germanic *naman-).
surplice < middle english surplice
< old french surpeliz
< medieval latin superpellicium
[vestmentum] (= an over fur [garment], surplice) < latin super (= over) + medieval latin
pellicium
(= fur garment, tunic of skins) (< latin pellis
(= skin)).
surprise < middle english surprise
< old french surprise
(= a taking unawares) < sorprendre
(= overtake, seize) < sur-
(= over) (< latin super (= over, above)) + prendre
(= to take) (< latin prendo [inf. prendere] < prehendo [inf. prehendere] (= to grasp, seize) < prae- (= before) + -hendo
[inf. -hendere] (= to seize, take)).
surrealism < french surréalisme
< sur-
(= beyond) (< latin super (= over, above)) + réalisme
(= realism) (< late latin
realis
(= actual) < latin res
(= property, goods, matter, thing)).
surrender < middle english surrender
< old french surrendre
(= give up) < sur- (= over) (< latin
super
(= over, above)) + render (= give back) (<
vulgar latin *rendo [inf. rendere] < latin
reddo
[inf. reddere] (= give back, restore) < re(d)- (= back) + do
[inf. dare] (= give)).
surreptitious < middle english surreptitious
< latin surrepticius
(= stolen, furtive) < surreptus,
past participle of surripio [inf. surripere]
(= take away, steal) < sub
(= under) + rapio [inf. rapere]
(= to snatch).
surrogate < middle english surrogate
< latin surrogatus,
past participle of surrogo [inf. surrogare]
(= substitute) < sub
(= under) + rogo [inf. rogare] (=
to ask, propose).
surround < middle english surround
< anglo-french surounder
/ middle french soronder (= to overflow, surpass) < late latin superundo
[inf. superundare] (= overflow) < latin super
(= over) + undo [inf. undare] (=
to flow in waves) (< unda (= wave)).
surveillance < french surveillance
(= oversight, supervision) < surveiller (= oversee, watch) < sur- (= over) (< latin
super
(= over, above)) + veiller (= to watch) (< latin vigilo
[inf. vigilare] (= watch) < vigil
(= watchful)).
survey < middle english survey
< anglo-french surveier
/ old french sorveoir (= look upon, notice,
watch) < medieval latin
supervideo
[inf. supervidere] (= oversee,
inspect) < latin super
(= over) + video [inf. videre]
(= see).
survive < middle english survive
< anglo-french survivre
/ old french souvivre < latin supervivo [inf. supervivere] (= live beyond)
< super (= over, above, beyond) + vivo [inf. vivere] (= to live).
Susan < french Susanne < late latin Susanna
(q.v.).
Susanna(h) <
late latin Susanna < ancient greek Σωσάννα | Sōsanna < hebrew Shoshannah
(= a lily).
susceptible < late latin susceptibilis
(= capable, sustainable) < latin
suscipere
(= to take, catch, lift up) < sub
(= under) + capio [inf. capere]
(= take, hold).
Susie < Susan
< late latin Susanna (q.v.).
suspect < middle english suspect
< old french suspect
< latin suspectus
(= suspected), past participle of suspicio [inf. suspicere] (= look up at, look upward) < sub (= under) + specio [inf. specere] (= look at).
suspend < middle english suspend
< old french sospendre
(= remove from office, hang up) / latin suspendo [inf. suspendere] (= hang up, make uncertain) < sub (= under) + pendo [inf. pendere] (= to hang).
Sussex < old
english Suþ Seaxe (= South Saxons) <
old english suð (= to the south) (<
proto-germanic *sunthaz) + Saxon (< late latin Saxo
< proto-germanic *sahsa-
(= knife)).
sustain < middle english sustain
< old french sostenir
(= hold up, suffer, endure) <
latin sustineo [inf. sustinere]
(= hold up, bear, endure) <
sub
(= under) + teneo [inf. tenere]
(= hold).
susurration < middle english susurration
< latin susurratio (=
a whispering, a murmur) < susurro
[inf. susurrare] (= to hum, murmur) < susurrus (= a murmur,
whisper).
suture < middle english suture
< latin sutura
(= seam, a sewing together) < sutus,
past participle of suo [inf. suere] (=
to sew).
SUV < [1988] an abbreviation
of Sport Utility
Vehicle.
Suzie < Susan
< late latin Susanna < ancient greek Σωσάννα | Sōsanna < hebrew Shoshannah
(= a lily).
swab < swabber
< dutch zwabber
< proto-germanic *swabb-.
Swahili < arabic sawahil,
plural of sahil (= coast).
swain < middle english swain
< old norse sveinn
(= boy, servant, attendant) < proto-germanic
*swainaz
(= servant, attendant).
swallow1 (= ingest through the throat) < old english swelgan
< proto-germanic *swelgan
/ *swelhan < (?) I.E. *swel-(1) (= to eat,
drink).
swallow2 (a migratory bird) <
old english swealwe < proto-germanic *swalwon < I.E. *swol-wi-.
swamp < middle english swamp < (?) proto-germanic *swampuz.
swan < old english swan
(= swan) < proto-germanic
*swanaz
(= singer) {> swedish svan, danish svane, dutch
zwaan, german Schwan} <
I.E. *swen- (= to make sound).
swarm < old english swearm
(= swarm, multitude) < proto-germanic
*swarmaz.
swart < old english sweart
(= black) < proto-germanic
*swarta-
(= dark, black).
swastika < sanskrit svastika-s,
(= being fortunate) < svasti-s
(= well-being, luck) < su-
(= well) + as- (< asti (= is) < I.E. *(e)su- (= good), *es- (= to be).
swear < old english swerian
< proto-germanic *swērjanan
< (?) I.E. *swer- (= speak).
sweat < old english swat
< proto-germanic *swaitaz
(= sweat) < I.E.
*sweid-(2) (= to sweat).
Swede < low german Swede
< middle low german Swede < Sweon (= Swedes) <
(?) 1. proto-germanic *sweba (= free, independent) or 2. *geswion
(= kinsman).
sweep < middle english sweep
< (?) middle english swope < old english swapan (= to sweep).
sweepstakes < middle english swepestake
< swepen (= to sweep) + stake
(= money as a pledge or wager).
sweet < old english swete
< proto-germanic *swotja-
{> swedish söt, danish sød, dutch zoet, german
süß} < I.E. *swad-
(= sweet, pleasant) {> latin
suavis, ancient greek ‘ηδύς
| hēdys, sanskrit
svadus}.
swell < old english swellan
< proto-germanic *swellanan.
swelter < middle english swelter
< swelten
(= be faint) < old english
sweltan
(= to die, perish) < proto-germanic
*swiltan-.
swerve < middle english swerve
< old english sweorfan (= to rub, scour) < proto-germanic
*swerb-.
swift < old english swift
(= moving quickly) < proto-germanic
swip-.
swill < old english swilian
/ swillan
(= wash out) < (?) proto-germanic *swil-.
swim < old english swimman
< proto-germanic *swimjan
{> old norse svimma, dutch zwemmen, german schwimmen} < I.E. *swem- (= to be in motion).
swindler < german Schwindler
(= giddy person) < schwindeln
(= to be giddy, act extravagantly) <
old high german swintilon (= be giddy) < swintan
(= to languish, disappear).
swine < old english swin
(= pig, hog, wild boar) < proto-germanic
*sweina-
{> old norse svin, Swedish svin, danish svin, dutch zwijn, german
Schwein} < I.E. *su- (= pig) + [suffix] *-ino-.
swing < old english swingan
(= beat, strike) < proto-germanic
*swengwanan.
Swiss < middle french Suisse < middle high german Suizer < Suiz (= Switzerland).
switch < (?) flemish / low german
source < germanic *swih-
(= peg).
swivel < middle english swivel
< swifan (= revolve, sweep)
< proto-germanic *swif-.
sword < old english sw(e)ord / swyrd (= sword) < proto-germanic *swerdam {> old norse
sverð, swedish svärd, dutch zwaard, german
Schwert} < *swertha- (= cutting
weapon) < I.E. *swer-(3) (= to cut, pierce).
sybarite < latin Sybarita < ancient greek Συβαρίτης
| Sybaritēs (= inhabitant of Sybaris) < Σύβαρις | Sybaris, a town in Italy [whose people
were noted for their love of luxury].
sycophant < middle french sycophante
< latin sycophanta < ancient greek
συκοφάντης
| sykophantēs (= “one who shows the
fig”, false accuser, slanderer) [because the most common, and fake, accuse in
the law court of Athens was the robbing of figs] < σύκον | sykon (= fig)
+ φαίνω
| phaenō (= to show).
Sydney < [Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount] Sydney,
Home secretary of England [named in his honor] (< Sidney / Sydney
< old english sid
(= side) + ieg (= island)).
syllable < middle english sullable
< anglo-french sillable
< old french silabe (= syllable) < latin syllaba < ancient greek συλλαβή
| syllabē (= syllable) < συλλαμβάνω
| syllambanō (= take together,
collect) < συν | syn (= together) + λαμβάνω | lambanō (= to take).
syllabus < late latin syllabus
(= list) < ancient greek σίττυβος | sittybos (= parchment label, table of contents) [by misreading and
influence of syllaba (= syllable)].
syllogism < middle english syllogism
< old french silogisme
< latin syllogismus < ancient greek συλλογισμός
| syllogismos (= conclusion,
computation) < συλλογίζομαι | syllogizomae (= compute, conclude) < συν | syn (= together) + λογίζομαι | logizomae (= to reason, count) (<
λόγος
| logos (= a speaking, a reckoning)
< λέγω | legō (= speak)).
sylphid < french sylphide
< modern latin sylphes
[(plural) coined by Paracelsus, in referring to spirits inhabiting the air]
< (?) latin silva (= forest) + ancient greek
1. νύμφη
| nymphē (= nymph) or 2. σίλφη
| silphē, a kind of beetle.
sylvan < middle french sylvain
< latin silvanus
(= of the forest) < silva
(= wood, forest, grove).
Sylvanus < latin Silvanus,
a god of woods and fields < latin
silvanus
(= of the forest) < silva
(= wood, forest, grove).
Sylvester < latin silvestris
(= of the forest) < silva (= wood, forest, grove).
Sylvia < latin silva
(= wood, forest, grove).
symbol < middle english symbol
< late latin symbolum
< ancient greek σύμβολον
| symbolon (= token, watchword) < σύμβολον,
neuter of σύμβολος |
symbolos (= joining) < συμβάλλω | symballō (= join together) < συν | syn (= together) + βάλλω | ballō (= to throw).
symmetry < middle french symmétrie
< latin symmetria < ancient greek συμμετρία | symmetria (= agreement in dimensions, due proportion) < σύμμετρος | symmetros (= having a common measure,
proportionate) < συν
| syn (= together) + μέτρον
| metron (= measure).
sympathy < middle french sympathie
< late latin sympathia (= sympathy) < ancient greek συμπάθεια
| sympathoea (= fellow-feeling,
community of feeling) < συμπαθής
| sympathēs (= having a fellow feeling) < συν | syn (= together) + stem παθ- | path- of έπαθον | epathon, past tense of πάσχω | paskhō (= suffer, feel pain).
symphony < middle english symphony
< old french simphonie
/ sifonie / simfone (= musical harmony) < latin
symphonia
< ancient greek συμφωνία
| symphōnia (= harmony, concord of
sounds) < σύμφωνος | symphōnos (= harmonious) < συν | syn (= together) + φωνή | phōnē (= voice, sound).
symposium < latin symposium
(= drinking party, symposium) < ancient
greek συμπόσιον | symposion
(= drinking party, convivial gathering of the educated) < συμπότης |
sympotēs (= drinking companion) < συν | syn (= together) + -πότης | -potēs (= a drinking) (< πίνω | pinō (= to drink).
symptom < sinthoma
< medieval latin sinthoma
(= symptom of a disease) < late latin symptoma < ancient
greek σύμπτωμα | symptōma
(= a happening, accident, disease) <
συμπίπτω
| sympiptō (= to befall, happen,
coincide) < συν | syn (= together) + πίπτω | piptō (= to fall).
synagogue < middle english synagogue
< old french sinagoge
< late latin synagoga
(= congregation of Jews) < ancient
greek συναγωγή | synagōgē
(= place of assembly, synagogue, meeting) <
συνάγω
| synagō (= gather, assemble) < συν | syn (= together) + άγω | agō (= lead, move).
synapse < ancient greek σύναψις
| synapsis (= conjunction) < συνάπτω | synaptō (= join together) < συν | syn (= together) + ‘άπτω | haptō (= touch, fasten).
sync < synch,
a shortening of synchronization < synchronize < ancient greek συγχρονίζω | synghkhronizō
(= put at the same time) < σύγχρονος | synghkhronos (= happening at the same time) < συν | syn (= together) + χρόνος | khronos (= time).
synchronous < late latin synchronus
(= simultaneous) < ancient greek
σύγχρονος
| synghkhronos (=
happening at the same time) < συν
| syn (= together) + χρόνος
| khronos (= time).
syndic < french syndic
(= chief representative) < late
latin syndicus (= representative)
< ancient greek σύνδικος | syndikos (= public advocate) <
συν
| syn (= together) + δίκη
| dikē (= judgment, justice).
syndrome < ancient greek συνδρομή
| syndromē (= concurrence of
symptoms) < σύνδρομος | syndromos (= running together) < συν | syn (= together) + δρόμος | dromos (= course, way, road).
synergy < modern latin synergia < ancient greek συνεργία
| synergia (= joint work,
cooperation, help) < συνεργός | synergos (= working together) < συν | syn (= together) + έργον | ergon (= work).
synod < middle english synod
(= ecclesiastical council) < late latin synodus < ancient greek σύνοδος
| synodos (= assembly, meeting) < συν | syn (= together) + ‘οδός | hodos (= way, road).
synonym < middle english synonym
< old french synonyme
< late latin synonymum < ancient greek συνώνυμον | synōnymon (= word having the same sense as another) < συνώνυμον,
neuter of συνώνυμος | synōnymos
(= synonymous) < συν
| syn (= together) + όνυμα
| onyma (= name).
synopsis < late latin synopsis
< ancient greek σύνοψις
| synopsis (= a general view) < συν | syn (= together) + όψις | opsis (= sight, appearance).
syntax < french syntaxe
< late latin syntaxis < ancient greek σύνταξις | syntaxis (= a putting together, arrangement, a grammatical
construction) < συντάσσω
| syntassō (= put in order) < συν | syn (= together) + τάσσω | tassō (= arrange).
synthesis < latin synthesis
< ancient greek σύνθεσις
| synthesis (= composition) < συντίθημι | syntithēmi (= put together, combine) < συν | syn (= together) + τίθημι | tithēmi (= to put, place).
syphilis < modern latin syphilis
< Syphilus
[a shepherd in the poem “Syphilis, sive
Morbus Gallicus” (= Syphilis, or the French Disease) of Italian doctor Girolamo Fracastoro].
Syria < latin
Syria < ancient greek Συρία
| Syria < Σύρος | Syros (= Syrian).
syringe < middle english syringe
< suringa < late
latin syringa < ancient
greek σύριγξ | syringx
(= tube, channel, shepherd’s pipe).
syrup < middle english syrup
< old french sirop
/ italian s(c)iroppo
(= sugared drink) < medieval latin syrupus < arabic
sharab
(= beverage, wine) < shariba
(= he drank).
system < late latin systema
(= arrangement, system) < ancient
greek σύστημα | systēma (=
organized whole, a whole compounded of parts) < συνίσταμαι | synistamae (= be composed) < συν | syn (= together) + ‘ίσταμαι | histamae (= cause to stand).
systole < ancient greek συστολή
| systolē (= a drawing together,
contraction) < συστέλλω
| systellō < συν | syn (= together) + στέλλω | stellō (= to send).
syzygy < late latin syzygia < ancient greek συζυγία
| syzygia (= yoke of animals, pair,
conjunction) < σύζυγος | syzygos (= yoked together) < συν | syn (= together) + ζυγός | zygos (= yoke).
