haberdasher < anglo-french haberdasher < hapertas (= small wares).
habit < middle english habit
< old french (h)abit
(= clothing, conduct) < latin
habitus
(= condition, appearance, dress) < habitus, past participle of habeo
[inf. habere] (= have, hold) < I.E. *ghabh-
(= give, receive).
hacienda < american spanish hacienda
(= estate or ranch in the country) <
spanish hacienda (= landed estate, plantation) < facienda < latin facienda
(= things to be done), plural neuter of gerundivum of facio [inf. facere] (= do, make).
hack < middle english hack
< old english haccian (= hack to pieces) < west germanic *hakkon.
Hades < ancient greek ‘Άιδης |
hAidēs, the god
of the underworld.
h(a)emorrhoid
< middle english emeroudis
< old french emorroides < latin
hæmorrhoidae < ancient greek ‘αιμορροΐδες [φλέβες] |
haemorro-ides [phlebes] ([veins] liable to discharge
blood), plural of ‘αιμορροΐς | haemorro-is < ‘αιμόρρους | haemorrous < ‘αίμα | haema + ‘ρους | hrous (= stream) (< ‘ρέω | hreō (= flow)).
hagiography < ancient greek ‘άγιος | hagios (= saint) + γράφω | graphō (= write, draw).
Hague < dutch [Den] Haag < Gravenhage
(= count’s hedge).
hail (= frozen rain) < old english
hægl
/ hagol
(= hail, hailstorm) < proto-germanic *haglaz
< (?) I.E. *kaghlo- (= pebble).
hail (= health!) < old norse heill
(= health, good luck) + old english [wæs] hæil (= [be] healthy).
hair < old english hær
(= hair) < proto-germanic
*hēran
{> dutch haar, german haar}.
Haiti < arawak haiti (= land of mountains).
hajj < arabic hajj
(= pilgrimage) < hajja (= he went on a pilgrimage).
hale < old english hal
(= healthy, sound, safe) < proto-germanic *hailaz.
half < old
english halb / h(e)alf
(= side, part) < proto-germanic *halba- (= something divided).
Halifax < late Halifax < old english halh
(= secluded spot, nook of land) + feax (= rough grass).
hall < old english heall
(= spacious roofed residence, house, law-court) < proto-germanic *hallo (= covered place).
hallelujah < late latin hallelujah
/ alleluia < ancient greek αλληλούια
| allēlouia < hebrew hallalu-yah
(= praise ye Jehovah) < hallalu, plural imperative of hallel
(= to praise) + Yah / Yoh,
a shortening of Yahwah / Yahweh (= God).
hallow < old english halgian
(= make holy, sanctify) < proto-germanic *hailagon.
Halloween < Hallow-e’en
/ Hallow e’en < scottish Holy
Eve
< a shortening of Allhallow-even (= Eve of All Saints
[the last night of the year in the old celtic calendar, a night for witches]
< all + hallow + even.
hallucinate < latin hallucinates
<
alucinatus, past participle of alucinor [inf. alucinari] (= wander in the mind, talk unreasonably) < (?) ancient
greek ‘αλύω | halyō
(= wander in mind, be at a loss).
halo < latin halos
< ancient greek ‘άλως
| halōs (=
threshing floor, ring of light around the sun or moon) [because this ring of
light looks like the shape of a threshing floor] < ‘αλωή | halōē (= threshing floor,
garden).
halt (= stop) < french halte
/ italian alto < german Halt
< old high german halt, imperative of halten (= to hold) < proto-germanic *haldanan.
halt (= lame) < old english lemphalt
(= limping) < proto-germanic
*haltaz.
ham < old english hamm
(= bend of the knee) < proto-germanic
*hamma-.
Hamburg < german
Hamburg
< (?) 1. old high german hamma (= ham) or 2. middle high
german hamme (= enclosed area) + Burg (= fort).
hamburger < hamburger
[sandwich] < german Hamburger
(= native of Hamburg) < Hamburg (q.v.).
hamlet < middle english hamlet
< old french hamelet (= small village), a diminutive
of hamel
(= village), a diminutive of ham (= village) < frankish *haim < proto-germanic *haimaz (= home) < I.E.
*tkei-
(= to settle, dwell).
hammer < old english hamor
(= hammer) < proto-germanic
*hamaraz.
hamster < german Hamster < middle high german hamastra
(= hamster) < (?) old church slavonic chomestoru (= hamster)
< (?) a blend of russian chomiak (= hamster) + lithuanian
staras
(= ground squirrel).
hand < old english hand
/ hond
< proto-germanic *handuz.
handicap < hand
in
cap,
a game with two bettors.
handkerchief < hand
+ kerchief
(= piece of cloth [for covering the head]) [with confluence of hand and head] < middle
english kovrechief (= cloth to cover the head) < anglo-french courchief / old french couvrechief
(= cover head) < couvrir (= to cover) + chief (= head) (< latin
caput
(= head)).
handle < old english handle
(= a handle) < hand (< proto-germanic
*handuz)
+ [suffix] -el.
handsome < middle english handsom
(= easy to handle, appropriate) < hand
+ -some
(= tending to, causing) (<
old english -sum < I.E. *sem-(1) (= one, together
with).
hang < a fusion of [old english
hon
(= suspend) + old english hangian (= be suspended)] < proto-germanic
*hanhan
/ *hanganan
(= to hang).
Hannah < hebrew Hannah
(= graciousness) < hanan (= he was gracious).
Hannibal < punic
[semitic] Hannibha’al (= my favor is with Baal).
Hanover < german Hannover
< middle low german hoch
(= high) + over (= ridge).
Hans < a shortening of
german / dutch Johannes < medieval latin Johannes
< late latin Joannes < ancient greek Ιωάννης | Iōannēs < hebrew Yohanan (= God is gracious) < Yah / Yoh,
a shortening of Yahwah / Yahweh (= God) + hanan
(= he was gracious).
happen < middle english happenen
< hap
(= chance, fortune, fate) < old norse happ
(= chance, good luck) < proto-germanic
*hap-.
happy < middle english happy
(= lucky) < hap (= chance, fortune,
fate) < old norse happ
(= chance, good luck) < proto-germanic
*hap-.
hara-kiri <
japanese hara-kiri (= belly-cutting)
< hara
(= belly) + kiri (= to cut).
harass < french harasser
(= tire out, vex) < (?) old french harer (= stir up, provoke)
< frankish *hara
(= over here, hither) < proto-germanic
*hi‑.
harbor < middle english harbor
< herberwe
(= quarters, lodgings, inn, camp) < (?) old english here-beorg
/ *here-berg
(= lodgings, quarters) < proto-germanic *harja-bergaz
(= shelter, lodgings) < *heri
(= army, host) + *burzjan- (= protection).
hard < old english heard
(= solid and firm, severe, harsh) <
proto-germanic *hardu- {> old norse harðr,
dutch hard, german hart} < I.E. *kortu- < *kar- (= hard).
hare < old english hara
(= hare) < west germanic
*hasan-
(= (?) gray).
Harlem < dutch
[Nieuw] Haarlem (= [New] Harlem)
< Haarlem,
a city in Netherlands < (?) haar (= height) + lem
(= silt).
harlequin < middle french harlequin < italian arlecchino
< (?) germanic origin.
harm < old english hearm
(= hurt, pain) < proto-germanic
*harmaz.
harmony < middle english harmony
< old french (h)armonie
< latin harmonia < ancient greek ‘αρμονία
| harmonia (= agreement, concord
of sounds).
harness < middle english harness
< old french harnois (= arms, equipment, harness) < (?) old norse *hernest < herr (= army) + nest (= provisions).
Harold < old norse
Haraldr
/ old swedish Harald < proto-germanic *harja-waldaz
(= army commander).
harp < old english hearpe
(= harp) < proto-germanic
*harpon-.
harpsichord < french harpechorde
(= harp string) < modern latin
harpichordium
< harpa (< proto-germanic *harpon-)
+ chorda
(= string) (< ancient greek χορδή | khordē
(= string, cord).
Harris / Harry < middle english Harry
< Henry < french
Henri < late latin Henricus < german Heinrich < old high german Heimerich
(= ruler of the house) < heim
(= home) + rihhi (= ruler).
harry < old english hergian
(= make war, ravage) < proto-germanic
*harjon
(= overrun with an army) < proto-germanic
*harjan
(= armed force).
harvest < old english hærfest
(= autumn) < proto-germanic
*harbitas
< I.E. *kerp- (= gather, harvest).
Harvey < old
french Hervé / old breton Hærviu (= battle-worthy).
hash < french hacher
(= chop up) < old french
hache
(= ax).
hashish < arabic hashīsh
(= herbage, hemp, powdered hemp).
haste < middle english haste
< old french haste (= urgency, hastiness) < frankish *haifst
(= violence) < proto-germanic
*haifstiz.
hat < old english hæt
< proto-germanic *hattuz
(= hood).
hatch < old
english hæc (= fence, gate) < proto-germanic *hak-.
hate < old english hatian
(= regard with extreme ill-will) <
proto-germanic *haton.
haunt < middle english haunt
< old french hanter (= to frequent) < old
norse heimta (= bring home) <
proto-germanic *haimatjanan
(= go home, bring home) < *haimaz-
(= home).
have < old english habban
(= to own, possess) < proto-germanic
*habejanan
{> old norse hafa, german haben, gothic haban} < I.E. *kap-
(= to grasp).
Hawaii < hawaiian Hawai’i < proto-polynesian *hawaiki
/ owhyhii
(= place of the gods) [ a reference
to two volcanoes of these islands, Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa, as houses for the
gods].
hawk < middle english hauk
< havek
< old english hafoc
/ heafpc
/ heafoc
(= hawk) < proto-germanic
*habukaz {> old norse
haukr, middle dutch havik, german Habicht} < I.E. *kap-
(= to grasp).
hay < old english heg,
hi(e)g (= grass cut for fodder) <
proto-germanic *haujam.
hazard < middle english hazard
(= game with dice) < old
french hasard / hasart (= game with dice) < (?) spanish
azar
(= unfortunate card or throw at dice) < 1. arabic az-zahr
< al-zahr
(= the die) or 2. arabic yasara
(= he played at dice).
he < old
english he < proto-germanic
*hi-
< I.E. *ki-
< *ko- (= this, here).
head < old english heafod
< proto-germanic *haubid
{> old norse hofuð, dutch hoofd, german Haupt} < I.E. *kaput-
(= head).
heal < old english hælan
(= cure, save, make whole) < proto-germanic
*hailjan
< I.E. *kailo-
(= whole, uninjured).
health < old english hælþ
(= wholeness) < proto-germanic
*hailitho < I.E. *kailo-
(= whole, uninjured).
hear < old english heran
/ hyran
/ (ge)hieran < proto-germanic *hausejanan {> old
norse heyra, dutch horen, german hören} < I.E. *kous-
(= to hear).
heart < old english heorte
< proto-germanic *hertan-
{> old norse hjarta, dutch hart, gothic hairto,
german Herz} < I.E.
*kerd-
(= heart) {> latin cor [gen. cordis] (> italian
cuore, french coeur, spanish corazon, portuguese
coração), ancient greek καρδία | kardia, sanskrit hardi}.
heat < old english hæto
/ hætu
< proto-germanic *haita-
(= heat) {> german hitze, gothic heito}.
heaven < old english heofon
(= the visible sky, firmament, home of
God) < (?) proto-germanic *hibin-, a dissimilation of *himin-
{> old norse himinn, dutch hemel, gothic himins,
german Himmel} < (?) 1. <
I.E. *kem- (= to cover) or 2. I.E. *akman- (= sharp stone, stony
vault of heaven) < *ak- (= sharp).
heavy < old english hefig
< proto-germanic *hafiga
(= having weight) < I.E.
*kap-
(= to grasp).
Hebrew < old english Hebrew
< old french Ebreu < latin Hebraeus < ancient greek ‘Εβραίος | hEbraeos < aramaic ‘ebhrai
< hebrew ‘ibhri (= Israelite).
hedge < old english hecg
(= fence, hedge) < west germanic
*hagjo
< *hagjanan.
hegira < medieval latin hegira < arabic hijrah
(= departure) < hajara
(= to depart).
height < old english hiehþu
/ hehþo
(= highest part, heaven) < heah
(= high) + germanic [suffix] -itha.
Helen < french Hélène < latin Helena < ancient greek ‘Ελένη
| hElenē.
Helga < old norse Helga
(= holy) < proto-germanic *hailaga < *kailo- (= whole, uninjured).
helicopter < french hélicoptère
< ancient greek ‘έλιξ | helix [gen. ‘έλικος |
helikos) (= spiral) + πτερόν | pteron (= wing).
hell < old english hel
/ helle
(= nether world, abode of the deads) < proto-germanic *haljō
(= the underworld) {> old norse hel, dutch hel, gothic
halja, german Hölle} < I.E.
*kel-(1) (= to cover).
hello < hallo < holla
/ hollo,
a shout for attention.
helmet < middle english helmet
< (?) 1. a diminutive of old english helm (= protection, crown,
helmet) < proto-germanic
*helmaz
(= protective covering) or 2. middle french helmet,
a diminutive of helme (= helmet).
help < old english helpan
(= help, support, cure) < proto-germanic
*helpanan
{> old norse hjalpa, dutch helpen, german helfen}.
hemorrhoid < middle english emeroudis
< old french emorroides < latin
hæmorrhoidae < ancient greek ‘αιμορροΐδες [φλέβες] |
haemorro-ides [phlebes] ([veins] liable to discharge
blood), plural of ‘αιμορροΐς | haemorro-is < ‘αιμόρρους | haemorrous < ‘αίμα | haema + ‘ρους | hrous (= stream) (< ‘ρέω | hreō (= flow)).
hen < old english henn
< west germanic *hannjo,
female of *hanan- (= cock) < I.E.
*kan-
(= to sing).
hence < middle english hennes
< old english heonan (= away, hence) < west germanic *hin-
< I.E. *ki-
< *ko- (= this, here).
Henry < french Henri < late latin Henricus < german Heinrich < old high german Heimerich
(= ruler of the house) < heim
(= home) + rihhi (= ruler).
herald < middle english herald
< anglo-french heraud / old french heraut
/ hiraut
< frankish *hariwald
(= army commander) < proto-germanic
*harja
(= army) + *waldaz (= to command).
herb < middle english erbe
< old french erbe
(= grass, herb) < latin
herba
(= grass, herb).
Herbert < old french Herbert
< frankish *Hari-berct
/ *Her(e)-bert (= army-bright).
Hercules < latin Hercules
< ancient greek ‘Ηρακλής
| hĒraklēs < ‘Ήρα
| hĒra + κλέος
| kleos (= fame).
here < old english her
(= in this place, at this time) < proto-germanic
*hi-
< I.E. *ki-
< *ko- (= this, here).
heresy < middle english heresy
< old french (h)eresie
< latin hæresis
(= philosophical sect, heresy) < ancient greek ‘αίρεσις
| haeresis (= a choice,
heresy) < ‘αιρούμαι | haeroumae (= choose, prefer).
heritage < middle english heritage
< old french iritage / (h)eritage (= inheritance, ancestral estate) < heriter (= inherit) < late latin heredito
[inf. hereditare] < latin
heres
[gen. heredis] (= heir).
Herman < german Hermann
< old high german Hariman (= warrior) < hari (= army) + man
(= man).
hermeneutic < ancient greek 'ερμηνευτικός
| hermēneftikos (= of interpreting) < 'ερμηνευτής | hermēneftēs (= interpreter) < 'ερμηνεύω
| hermēnevō (= to interpret)
< (?) ‘Ερμής | hErmēs
(= Hermes), the god of art and science.
hermetic < latin hermeticus < ancient greek ‘Ερμής
| hErmēs (= Hermes), a god
of art and science [identified by alchemists with the egyptian god Thoth
as ‘Ερμής
Τρισμέγιστος | hErmēs Trismegistos (= Thrice-great Hermes), the inventor of making a glass
tube airtight].
hermit < middle english hermit
< old french (h)ermit
(= recluse, ascetic) < late
latin eremita < ancient
greek ερημίτης | erēmitēs (= person of the desert, ascetic) < ερημία | erēmia (= solitude) < έρημος | erēmos (=
desert).
hero < middle english hero
< old french heroe < latin heros (= hero, demi-god, illustrious man) < ancient greek ‘ήρως | hērōs (= hero, demi-god).
heroin < german Heroin
< 1. ancient greek ‘ηρωίνη | hērōinē, female of ‘ήρως | hērōs (= hero, demi-god)
or 2. ancient greek 'ήρως | hērōs + [suffix] -in [because of the euphoric feeling
which provides this drug].
heroine < latin heroina
/ heroine
< ‘ηρωίνη | hērōinē, female of ‘ήρως
| hērōs (= hero, demi-god).
herring < old english hering
/ hæring
< west germanic *heringgaz.
Herzegovina < old serbian hercegov
(< herceg (= duke) + [ending] -ov) + -ina
(= country).
hesitation < middle english hesitation
< old french hesitacion < latin haesitatio
(= stammering, uncertainty) < haesito [inf. haesitare] (= stick fast, stammer in speech, be undecided) < haero
[inf. haerere] (= adhere, stick).
heuristic < ancient greek ευρίσκω
| hevriskō (= find, find out,
discover, invent).
Hezekiah < hebrew Hizqiyya
(= the Lord has strengthened) < hazaq (= he strengthened)
+ Yah
/ Yoh, a shortening of Yahwah / Yahweh (= God).
hi-fi <
[1947] an abbreviation of high-fidelity [for radio receivers
from 1934].
hibernal < latin hibernalis
(= wintry) < hibernus
(= of winter) < hiems
(= winter) < I.E. *gheim-
(= winter).
hiccup < hickop
< hicket
/ hyckock
< imitating origin.
hidalgo < spanish hidalgo < old spanish fidalgo
< filho
de
algo (= son of someone) < latin filius (= son), de (= of), aliquis (= other).
hide < old
english hydan < west-germanic *hudjan
< I.E. *keudh- (= to cover, conceal).
hierarchy < middle english ierarchie
/ jerarchie
(= rank in the sacred order, dominion) < old french ierarchie
< medieval latin hierarchia
(= ranked division of angels) < ancient
greek ‘ιεραρχία | hierarkhia
(= rule of a high priest) <
‘ιεράρχης
| hierarkhēs (= high
priest) < ‘ιερός
| hieros (= sacred) + άρχω
| arkhō (= to lead, rule).
hieroglyphic < late latin hieroglyphicus < ancient greek ‘ιερογλυφικός
| hieroglyphikos (= of egyptian
writing) < ‘ιερός | hieros (= sacred) + γλυφή
| glyphē (= a carving) (<
γλύφω
| glyphō (= to carve)).
high < old english heh
/ heah
(= tall, lofty, exalted) < proto-germanic
*hauha-
{> old norse har, swedish hög, danish høi, dutch
hoog, german hoch}.
hijack < american english hijack
< (?) high[way] + jacker
(< jack (= raise, lift wuth a jack) < middle english jack
(= mechanical device)).
hilarity middle english hilarity
< latin hilaritas (= cheerfulness, merriment) <
hilaris
(= cheerful, merry) < ancient
greek ‘ιλαρός | hilaros
(= merry, joyous).
Hilary < late latin Hilarius
(= cheerful) < latin hilaris (= cheerful, merry) < ancient greek ‘ιλαρός
| hilaros (= merry, joyous).
Hilda < german
Hilda
(= battle-maid) < old high german hild (= war, battle) < proto-germanic *hildiz
(= battle).
hill < old english hyll
< proto-germanic *hulni-
< I.E. *kel-(2) (= be prominent, hill).
Himalaya < sanskrit
himalayah
(= abode of snow) < hima (= snow) (< I.E. *ghi-mo- < *gheim- (= winter)) + alayah (= abode) (< layate
(= sticks, stays) < I.E.
*(s)lei-
(= sticky)).
hint < hent
< middle english hinten (= tell, inform) < old english hentan
(= seize) < proto-germanic
*hantijan.
hippie < american english hippie
[1965] < hipster (q.v.).
hipster (= one who is hip, person aware of the new
and stylish) [1941] < hip
(= up-to-date, informed) (< (?) hep (= up-to-date, aware)) + -ster (<
old english -iste < proto-germanic *-istrijon).
hire < old english hyrian
(= pay for service, employ for wages) <
proto-germanic *hurjan.
Hiroshima < japanese Hiroshima
< hiro
(= broad) + shima (= island).
histogram < ancient greek ‘ιστός | histos (= tissue) + γράμμα | gramma (= letter, line ) (< γράφω | graphō (= write, draw)).
history < middle english history
< old french estoire / estorie (= story, chronicle,
history) < latin historia
(= tale, story) < ancient greek
‘ιστορία
| historia (= history) < ‘ίστωρ | histōr (= knowledgeable, judge) < stem ‘ίσ- | his- of οίδα | oeda (= know).
hit < old english hyttan
/ hittan
(= come upon, fall in with) < proto-germanic *hitjan.
hitchhike < middle english hitch
(< (?) icchen (= move with pauses, stir) + hike (< hyke
(= walk vigorously)).
H.I.V. < Human
Immunodeficiency Virus [1986].
hive < old english hyf
(= beehive) < proto-germanic
*hufiz
< I.E. *keup-
(= round container, bowl).
hoax < (?) 1. hocus (= conjurer, juggler,
cheat) or 2. hocus-pocus (q.v.).
hobby < a shortening of hobby-horse
(= a wooden figure of a horse, a favorite
pursuit) (< middle english hobi (= small horse) < hobyn < (?) Hobyn [a name for a horse],
a diminutive of Robert or Robin) + horse.
hockey < (?) related to middle french
hoquet
(= shepherd’s staff, crook) < a diminutive of old french hoc
(= hook) [because the hooked club of this game resembles a stave].
hocus-pocus < Hocas Pocas,
a magical formula < (?) hoc est corpus [meum] (= this is [my] body).
hoist < middle english hysse
< (?) middle dutch hyssen (= hoist).
hold < middle english holden
< halden < old english h(e)aldan (= contain, grasp) < proto-germanic *haldanan.
hole < old english hol
(= hollow, cave) < proto-germanic *hulan.
holiday < middle english haliday
< old english haligdæg
(= holy day, religious anniversary) <
halig
(= holy) + dæg (= day).
Holland < dutch Holland
< (?) old dutch holt lant (= wood land).
hollow < middle english hollow <
old english holh (= hollow place, hole)
< proto-germanic *hul-.
holly < middle english holly
(= a kind of holm-oak) < holin < old english hole(g)n (= holly) < proto-germanic *hulin-.
Hollywood < holly
(= a kind of holm-oak) (q.v.) + wood.
holocaust < middle english holocaust
< old french holocauste
< late latin holocaustum < ancient greek
‘ολόκαυστον | holokafston, neuter of ‘ολόκαυστος
| holokafstos (= burned
whole) < ‘όλος | holos (= whole) + καυστός
| kafstos (= burned) (< καίω
| kaeō (= to burn)).
hologram < [1949] < ancient greek
‘όλος
| holos (= whole) + γράμμα | gramma (= letter, line ) (< γράφω | graphō (= write, draw)).
holy < old english halig
(= holy, sacred) < proto-germanic
*hailaga-
{> old norse heilagr, danish hellig, german
heilig} < I.E. *kailo-
(= whole, uninjured).
home < old english ham
(= dwelling place, house, estate, village, region, country) < proto-germanic *haimaz (= home) {> old
norse heima, danish hjem, middle dutch heem, german
heim} < I.E. *(t)koimo- < *tkei- (= to settle, dwell).
homeopathy < german Homöopathie
< ancient greek ‘όμοιος | homoeos (= like, similar) + -πάθεια | -pathoea (= disease) (< stem παθ- | path- of πάσχω | paskhō
(= suffer, ail).
homicide < middle english homicide
< old french homicide < latin homicidium
(= manslaughter) < homo
(= man) + -cidium (= act of killing)
(< caedo [inf. caedere] (= cut down, kill)).
honest < middle english honest
< old french (h)oneste (= virtuous, honorable) < latin honestus
(= honorable, respected) < honor
(= honor, reputation).
honey < middle english hony < old english hunig
(= honey) < proto-germanic
*hunang-
{> old norse hunang, swedish honung, dutch honig,
german Honig} < (?) I.E. *k(e)neko- (= yellow, golden).
Hong Kong <
cantonese Hong Kong < chinese
Xianggang
(= fragrant port).
Honolulu < hawaiian Honolulu
< hono
(= port) + lulu (= calm).
honor < middle english onur
< anglo-french honour
/ old french (h)onor
(= honor, dignity) < latin
honor
(= honor, reputation).
Honoria < latin Honoria,
female of Honorius < honor
(= honor, reputation).
hood < old
english hod (= soft covering for the head) < proto-germanic *hōd- < (?) I.E.
*kadh-
(= to cover).
hook < old english hoc
(= hook, angle) < (?) related to old english haca (= bolt) < proto-germanic *hokaz
/ *hakan.
hooligan < (?) irish [Patrick] Houlihan, a criminal person
in London [1898].
hoop < middle english hoop
(= circular band, flattened ring)
< (?) old english *hop < proto-germanic *hōp.
hop < old english
hoppian
(= to spring, dance, limp) < proto-germanic
*hupnojan.
hope < old english hopian
(= have trust, have confidence).
horde < tataric (h)orda (= camp, army) [cf. turkish ordu (=
camp)].
horizon < middle english orisoun < old french orizon
< orizonte
< latin horizon [gen. horizontis] < ancient
greek ‘ορίζων [κύκλος] | horizōn [kyklos] (= bounding [circle])
< ‘ορίζων | horizōn,
present participle of ‘ορίζω | horizō (= to bound, limit) < ‘όρος | horos
(= boundary, limit).
hormone < ancient greek ‘ορμών
| hormōn, present participle
of ‘ορμώ | hormō (= impel, urge on) < ‘ορμή | hormē (= onset, impulse).
horn < old english horn
< proto-germanic *hurni-
< I.E. *ker-(1) (= head, horn).
hornet < old english hyrnet
/ hurnitu
(= large wasp, beetle) < (?) proto-germanic *hurz-nut-.
horoscope < middle french horoscope < latin horoscopum
/ horoscopus < ancient
greek ‘ωροσκόπος | hōroskopos
(= nativity, horoscope, one who casts a horoscope) < ‘ώρα | hōra
(= hour, season) + σκοπός | skopos (= watcher)
(< σκέπτομαι |
skeptomae (= watch, examine, think)).
horror < middle english horror
< old french horror
< latin horror (= dread, veneration) < horreo [inf. horrere] (= shudder).
hors d’oeuvre < french hors d’oeuvre (= apart from the
main work, out of the ordinary) < hors
(< fors (= outside) < latin foris (= outside) + de
(< latin de (= of)) + oeuvre
(= work) (< latin opus [gen. operis] (= a work)).
horse < old english hors
(= horse) < proto-germanic
*harss-
{> old norse hross, dutch ros, old high german hros, german Roß}.
hospital < middle english hospital< old french (h)ospital (= hostel, shelter, lodging)
< late latin hospitale
(= guest-house, inn) < latin hospitale, neuter of hospitalis
(= of a guest) < hospes
[gen. hospitis] (= guest, host, stranger, visitor).
host < middle english
host < old french (h)oste (= guest, host) < latin hospes
[gen. hospitis] (= guest, host, stranger, visitor).
hot < old english hat
(= hot, flaming, fervent) < proto-germanic
*haita-.
hotel < french hôtel
(= mansion, palace) < old
french (h)ostel (= a lodging)
< old french (h)ostel (= house, home, inn, lodgings)
< late latin hospitale
(= guest-house, inn) < latin hospitale, neuter of hospitalis
(= of a guest) < hospes
[gen. hospitis] (= guest, host, stranger, visitor).
hour < middle english hour < old french (h)ore < latin hora (= hour, time, season) < ancient greek ώρα | hōra
(= hour, time, season) < I.E.
*yor-a-
< *yer- (= year, season).
house < old english hus
(= dwelling, shelter, building a residence)
< proto-germanic *hūsan {> old norse hus, dutch huis, german
Haus}.
how < old english hu
(= how) < proto-germanic
*hwo
< I.E. *kwo-.
howl < middle english houlen
< (?) imitative origin.
html < HyperText
Markup Language [1992].
http < HyperText
Transfer Protocol [1990].
https < HyperText
Transfer Protocol Secure [1994].
hub < (?) hubbe (= lump, round protuberance, boss).
Hubert < french Hobert
< old high german Hugubert < hugu (= mind) + beraht (= bright).
hug < hugge
(= to embrace, clasp with the arms) < (?) old norse hugga
(= to comfort) < hugr
(= courage, mood) < proto-germanic
*hugjan.
huge < middle english huge <
old french ahuge / ahoge (= enormous, powerful).
Hugh < old french Hugues
/ Hue < frankish source (= heart, mind).
hulk < old english hulc
(= light and fast ship) < (?) old dutch hulke / medieval latin
hulcus
< (?) ancient greek ‘ολκάς | holkas (= merchant ship) < ‘έλκω | helkō
(= to pull, drag).
human < middle english humain
/ humaigne
(= human) < old french (h)umain
(= of man) < latin humanus (= of man, human) < (?) I.E.
*(dh)ghomon-
(= earthling, earthly being) < *dhghem-
(= earth).
humble < middle english humble
(= submissive, obedient) < old french (h)umble < umele < latin humilis (= on the ground, humble) < humus (= earth) < I.E. *dhghem-
(= earth).
humid < middle english humid
< old french (h)umide (= damp, wet) < latin
(h)umidus (= moist, wet) < (h)umo [inf. (h)umere] (= be moist, be wet)
< proto-italic *umo- (= wet) < (?) I.E.
*uhrmo-
(= wet).
humility < middle english humility
< old french umelite
(= humility, modesty) < latin humilitas
(= lowness, insignificance) < humilis (= on the ground,
humble) < humus (= earth) < I.E. *dhghem-
(= earth).
hummus < turkish humus
(= mashed chick peas).
humor < middle english humor
(= fluid of an animal or plant) < old french humour
(= liquid, dampness) < latin
(h)umor (= body fluid, a liquid) < (h)umo [inf. (h)umere] (= be moist, be wet)
< proto-italic *umo- (= wet) < (?) I.E.
*uhrmo-
(= wet).
Humphrey < old english Hunfrið
< (?) proto-germanic *hun (= strength) + old english
frið
(= peace).
humus < latin humus
(= earth, soil) < I.E. *dhghem- (= earth).
hundred < old
english hundred < proto-germanic
*hunda-ratha-
{> old saxon hunderod, old norse hundrað, german
hundert} < 1. *hundam (= 100) {> gothic hund, old high german hunt} (< I.E. *km-tom
(= 100) < *dkm-tom- (= 100) {> ancient greek ‘εκατόν | hekaton, latin centum,
old irish cet, breton kant, lithuanian šimtas,
old church slavonic suto, avestan satem, sanskrit
satam} < *dekm- (= 10)) + 2. *rath (= reckoning, number) (< I.E.
*re-
(= to reason, count)).
Hungary < middle english Hungary
< medieval latin Hungaria (= (?) land of the Huns (< latin Hunni (= Huns)).
hunger < old english hunger
/ hungor
(= pain caused by lack of food, famine) <
proto-germanic *hungraz.
hunt < old english huntian
(= chase game) < (?) hunta (= hunter) < proto-germanic *huntojan.
hurrah < huzza(h), a sailor’s shout.
hurricane < spanish huracan
/ furacan
< arawakan source.
hurry < (?) harry (< old
english hergian (= make war, ravage) < proto-germanic *harjon (= overrun with an
army) < proto-germanic *harjan
(= armed force)) or 2. middle english hurren (= vibrate rapidly,
buzz) < proto-germanic *hurza
(= to move with haste).
hurt < middle english hurt
(= to injure, wound) < old french hurter
(= to strike, ram) < (?) frankish *hurt (= ram).
husband < old english husbonda
(= householder) < (?) old norse husbondi (= master of the
house) < hus (= house) + bondi
(= dweller) (< buandi, present participle of bua (= to dwell)).
hush < middle english huisht
< (?) imitative origin,
husky < canadian
english husky (= Eskimo dog)
< hoskey
(= Eskimo) < (?) Ehuskemay (= Eskimo).
hustle < dutch hutselen
/ husseln
(= to shake, toss) < hutsen < hotsen (= to shake).
hut < french hutte
(= cottage) < middle high german
hütte
(= cottage, hut) < (?) proto-germanic *hudjon- < I.E. *keudh- < *(s)keu- (= to cover).
hybrid < latin hybrida
[by influence of ancient greek ‘ύβρις | hybhris (= abuse, insult)] < (h)ibrida (= mongrel, offspring of a tame sow and a wild boar).
hydraulic < french hydraulique < latin hydraulicus < ancient greek ‘υδραυλικός
| hydravlikos (= of a
hydraulus) < ‘ύδραυλος | hydravlos (= hydraulus), a
music organ with water tubes < ‘ύδωρ
| hydōr (= water) + αυλός
| avlos (= hollow tube, pipe).
hydrogen < hydrogene
< french hydrogène < ancient greek
‘ύδωρ
| hydōr (= water) + stem γεν- | ghen-, γον- | gon- of γίγνομαι | gignomae
(= become, produce) [so called because joined with oxygen produces water].
hygiene < french hygiène
< ancient greek ‘υγιεινή [τέχνη] | hygieinē [technē] (= the healthful [art]) <‘υγιεινή | hygieinē, female of ‘υγιεινός | hygieinos (= healthful) < ‘υγιής
| hygiēs (= healthy).
hymen < french hymen
< latin hymen < ancient greek ‘υμήν | hymēn [gen. ‘υμένος | hymenos] (= membrane).
hymn < middle english hymn
(= religious song) < old french ymne
/ old english ymen < late latin hymnus
(= song of praise) < ancient greek ‘ύμνος
| hymnos (= festive song in
praise of gods).
hyperbola < latin hyperbola
/ hyperbole < ancient
greek ‘υπερβολή | hyperbolē
(= a throwing beyond, extravagance) < ‘υπερβάλλω | hyperballō (= throw beyond, surpass, overdo) < ‘υπέρ | hyper (= super, beyond) + βάλλω
| ballō (= to throw).
hypnotic < french hypnotique
(= inclined to sleep, soporific) < late latin hypnoticus < ancient greek ‘υπνωτικός
| hypnōtikos (= inclined to
sleep, sleepy) < ‘υπνώττω | hypnōttō (= put to sleep) < ‘ύπνος | hypnos (= sleep).
hypothesis < middle french hypothese
< late latin hypothesis < ancient greek ‘υπόθεσις | hypothesis (= a placing under, foundation, supposition) < ‘υπόθεσις | hypothesis (= a placing under,
foundation, supposition) < ‘υποτίθημι | hypotithēmi (= to place under,
suppose) < ‘υπό | hypo (= under) + τίθημι |
tithēmi (= to put, set).
hysteria < late latin hysteria
< ancient greek ‘υστέρα | hystera
(= uterus, womb) [because originally defined
as a female neurotic condition and thought to be caused by uterus dysfunction].
