s

Sabbath < ^{old english} sabat < ^latin sabbatum < ^{ancient greek} Σάββατον | Sabbaton < ^hebrew shabbath (= day of rest) < shabath (= he rested).

sabotage < ^french sabotage < saboter (= to walk noisily, sabotage, bungle) < sabot (= wooden shoe) < ^{middle french} savate (= old shoe).

Sabrina < Sabrina, romanized form of river Severn [^welsh Hafren / Habren] (= (?) boundary) < ^celtic source.

saccharine < ^{medieval latin} saccharum < ^latin saccharon (= sugar) < ^{ancient greek} σάκχαρον | sakkharon < pali sakkhara < ^sanskrit sarkara (= gravel, grit).

sack < ^{old english} sacc / sec / sæc (= large cloth bag, sackcloth) < ^{proto-germanic} *sakkiz < ^latin saccus < ^{ancient greek} σάκκος | sakkos < ^semitic origin.

sacrament < ^{middle english} sacrament < ^{old french} sacrament < ^latin sacramentum (= a consecrating) < sacro [inf. sacrare] (= make sacred, consecrate) < sacer [gen. sacri] (= sacred, dedicated, holy).

sacred < ^{middle english} sacren (= make holy) < ^{old french} sacrer (= consecrate) / ^latin sacro [inf. sacrare] (= make sacred, consecrate) < sacer [gen. sacri] (= sacred, dedicated, holy).

sacrifice < ^{middle english} sacrifice < ^{old french} sacrifise < ^latin sacrificium < sacrificus (= performing sacrifices) < sacra (= sacred rites) < sacra, neuter plural of sacer [gen. sacri] (= sacred) + facio [inf. facere] (= make, do).

sad < ^{old english} sæd (= sated, full) < ^{proto-germanic} *sathaz.

saddle < ^{old english} sadol (= seat for a rider) < ^{proto-germanic} *sathulaz.

Sadie < Sarah < ^hebrew Sarah (= princess) < sarah, female of sar (= prince) < sarar (= he ruled).

sadism < ^french sadisme < [Donatien A.F. de] Sade, ^French writer [who described it in his novels].

safari < swahili safari (= journey, expedition) < ^arabic safari (= of a journey) < safar (= journey).

safe < ^{middle english} safe < ^{old french} sauf (= protected) < ^latin salvus (= uninjured, safe).

sag < ^{middle english} sag < (?) 1. ^scandinavian source or 2. ^{middle low german} sacken (= to settle, sink).

sagacity < ^{middle english} sagacity < ^{middle french} sagacité < ^latin sagacitas (= quality of being acute) < sagax [gen. sagacis] (= acute).

sage < ^{middle english} sage < ^{old french} sage (= wise, learned) < ^gallo-roman *sabius < ^{vulgar latin} *sapius < ^latin sapio [inf. sapere] (= have a taste, be wise).

Sagittarius < ^latin sagittarius (= archer) < sagitta (= arrow).

Sahara < ^arabic çahara, plural of çahra (= desert) < çahra, female of asharu (= yellowish red).

sail < ^{old english} segl (= sail, veil, curtain) < ^{proto-germanic} *seglom {> ^{old norse} segl, ^swedish segel, ^dutch zeil, ^german Segel}.

saint < ^{middle english} saint < ^{old french} saint / seinte (= saint, holy relic) < ^latin sanctus (= holy) < sanctus, past participle of sancio [inf. sancire] (= consecrate).

sake (= purpose) < ^{old english} sacu (= cause, crime, guilt) < ^{proto-germanic} *sako (= affair, thing, charge).

sake (liquor) < ^japanese sake (= alcohol).

salaam < ^arabic salam (= peace) < (as)salam [‘alaikum] (= peace [be upon you]) < salima (= he was safe).

salacious < ^latin salax [gen. salacis] (= lustful) < salio [inf. salire] (= to leap).

salad < ^{middle english} salad < ^{old french} salade < ^{vulgar latin} *salata (= salted) < [herba] salata (= salted [vegetables]) < salata, female past participle of *salo [inf. salare] (= to salt) < ^latin sal [gen. salis] (= salt) < ^I.E. *sal- (= salt).

salamander < ^{middle english} salamander < ^{old french} salamandre < ^latin salamandra < ^{ancient greek} σαλαμάνδρα | salamandra.

salami < ^italian salami, plural of salame (= spiced pork sausage) < ^{vulgar latin} *salamen < *salo [inf. salare] (= to salt) < ^latin sal [gen. salis] (= salt) < ^I.E. *sal- (= salt).

salary < ^{middle english} salary < ^anglo-french salarie / ^{old french} salaire (= wage, pay) < ^latin salarium (= allowance, stipend, pension) [originally salt-money, soldier’s allowance for the purchase of salt] < salarium, neuter of salarius (= of salt) [yearly revenue from the sale of salt] < sal [gen. salis] (= salt) < ^I.E. *sal- (= salt).

sale < ^{old english} sala (= sale, act of selling) < ^{proto-germanic} *salo < ^I.E. *sal-₍₃₎ (= grasp, take).

saliva < ^{middle english} saliva < ^{middle french} salive < ^latin saliva (= spittle).

sallow < ^{old english} salo (= dusky, dark) < ^{proto-germanic} *salwa-.

Sally < Sarah < ^hebrew Sarah (= princess) < sarah, female of sar (= prince) < sarar (= he ruled).

salmon < ^{middle english} salmon < ^anglo-french samoun / ^{old french} salmun < ^latin salmo (= salmon) < (?) salio [inf. salire] (= to leap).

salmonella < ^{modern latin} salmonella < [Daniel] Salmon, ^American veterinary surgeon [who isolated this type of bacteria].

Salome < ^{late latin} Salome < ^{ancient greek} Σαλώμη | Salōmē < ^hebrew shalom (= peace).

salon < ^french salon (= reception room) < ^italian salone (= large hall), a diminutive of sala (= hall) < ^{proto-germanic} *salaz.

saloon < salon (q.v.).

salsa < ^spanish salsa (= sauce) < ^latin salsa, female past participle of sal(l)o [inf. sal(l)ere] (= to salt) < sal [gen. salis] (= salt) < ^I.E. *sal- (= salt).

salt < ^{old english} sealt (= salt) < ^{proto-germanic} *saltom {> ^{old norse} salt, ^gothic salt, ^dutch zout, ^german Salz} < ^I.E. *sal- (= salt) {> ^{ancient greek} ‘αλς | ^hals}.

salubrious < ^latin salubris (= healthful) < salus [gen. salutis] (= health).

salute < ^{middle english} salute < salue < ^latin saluto [inf. salutare] (= wish good health to, greet) < salus [gen. salutis] (= health, greeting).

salvation < ^{middle english} salvation < ^{old french} salvaciun < ^{late latin} salvatio (= salvation) < salvo [inf. salvare] (= to save).

salve < ^{old english} sealf (= healing ointment) < ^{west germanic} *salbo- (= oily substance).

samba < ^portuguese samba, a shortening of zambacueca, a type of dance < (?) zambapalo, a grotesque dance < zampapalo (= stupid man) < zamparse (= to crash).

sambo < (?) ^spanish zambo (= bandy-legged) < (?) ^latin scambus < ^{ancient greek} σκαμβός | skambos (= bow-legged).

same < (?) [1. ^{old english} [swa] same (= the same [as]) or 2. ^{old norse} same / samr (= same)] < ^{proto-germanic} *samaz (= same) < ^I.E. *samos (= same) < *sem-₍₁₎ (= one, as one).

Sammy < ^british [slang] Sammy (= ^American soldier in WWI) < [Uncle] Sam [in political cartoons of USA] < Samuel (< ^{late latin} Samuel < ^{ancient greek} Σαμουήλ | Samouēl < ^hebrew Shemiel (= the name of God) < shem (= name) + El (= God)).

samovar < ^russian samovar < 1. sam (= self) + varit (= to boil) or 2. tatar sanabar (= tea-urn).

sample < ^{middle english} sample < ^anglo-french saumple < a shortening of ^{old french} essample < ^latin exemplum (= sample).

Samson < ^{late latin} Samson < ^{ancient greek} Σαμψών | Sampsōn < ^hebrew Shimshon < (?) shemesh (= sun).

Samuel < ^{late latin} Samuel < ^{ancient greek} Σαμουήλ | Samouēl < ^hebrew Shemiel (= the name of God) < shem (= name) + El (= God).

samurai < ^japanese samurai (= warrior, knight) < saburai < sabura(h)u (= to be in attendance, to serve).

San Francisco < ^spanish San Francisco [named for St. Francis of Assisi] < ^latin sanctus (= holy) (< sanctus, past participle of sancio [inf. sancire] (= consecrate)) + ^{medieval latin} Franciscus (= ^Frankish) < Francus (= Frank) < ^frankish *Frank.

sanatorium < ^{modern latin} sanatorium < ^{late latin} sanitorium, neuter of sanitorius (= health-giving) < ^latin sano [inf. sanare] (= to heal) < sanus (= healthy, sane).

sanctify < ^{middle english} seintefie < ^{old french} saintefier (= sanctify) < ^{late latin} santifico [inf. sanctificare] (= make holy) < sanctus (= holy) + facio [inf. facere] (= make, do).

sanctuary < ^{middle english} sanctuary < ^anglo-french sentuarie / ^{old french} saintuaire < ^{late latin} sanctuarium (= a sacred place, shrine) < ^latin sanctus (= holy).

sanctum < ^latin sanctum (= a holy place) < sanctum, neuter of sanctus (= holy).

sand < ^{old english} sand < ^{proto-germanic} *sandam.

sandal < ^{middle english} sandal < ^{old french} sandale < ^latin sandalium (= sandal) < ^{ancient greek} σανδάλιον | sandalion, a diminutive of σάνδαλον | sandalon (= sandal) < (?) ^persian source.

sandman < sand [as the grain in the eyelashes on waking] + man.

Sandra < a shortening of Alexandra < ^{ancient greek} Αλεξάνδρα | Alexandra, female of Αλέξανδρος | Alexandros < αλέξω | alexō (= repulse, protect) + ανήρ | anēr [gen. ανδρός | andros] (= man).

sandwich < [John Montagu, Fourth Earl of] Sandwich [who used to eat slices of meat between bread at the gaming table during marathon sessions (1762)] (< ^{old english} Sandwicæ (= sandy harbor), a place).

Sandy < a shortening of Alexander < ^{ancient greek} Αλέξανδρος | Alexandros < αλέξω | alexō (= repulse, protect) + ανήρ | anēr [gen. ανδρός | andros] (= man).

sane < ^latin sanus (= healthy, rational, sane).

sangria < ^spanish sangria (= bleeding) < sangre (= blood) < ^{vulgar latin} *sanguem < ^latin sanguis (= blood).

sanguine < ^{middle english} sanguine < ^{old french} sanguin < ^latin sanguineus (= of blood, bloody) < sanguis [gen. sanguinis] (= blood).

sanitarium < ^{modern latin} sanitarium < ^latin sanitas (= health) < sanus (= healthy, rational, sane).

sanity < ^{middle english} sanity < ^{middle french} sanité (= health) < ^latin sanitas (= health) < sanus (= healthy, rational, sane).

sans-serif < ^french sans (= without) + ^english serif (< ceref < (?) ^dutch / ^flemish schreef (= line, stroke).

sanskrit < ^sanskrit samskrtam (= put together, well-formed) < samskrtam, neuter of samskrta < sam (= together) + krta- (= make, do) [so called as being the literary language, distinguished from the vulgar dialects].

Santa Claus < ^{american english} Santa Claus < ^dutch [dialectal] Sante Klaas < ^{middle dutch} Sinter Niklaas (= Saint Nicholas) < ^latin sanctus (= holy) (< sanctus, past participle of sancio [inf. sancire] (= consecrate)) + Nicolaus (< ^{ancient greek} Νικόλαος | Nikolaos < νίκη | nikē (= victory) + λαός | laos (= people)).

sapient < ^{middle english} sapient < ^{old french} sapient < ^latin sapiens [gen. sapientis], present participle of sapio [inf. sapere] (= to taste, be wise).

saponification < ^french saponification < saponifier < ^{modern latin} saponifico [inf. saponificare] (= make soap) < ^celtic *sapo (= soap) + ^latin facio [inf. facere] (= make, do).

sapphire < ^{middle english} sapphire < ^{old french} saphir < ^latin sapphirus {> ^spanish zafir, ^italian zaffiro} < ^{ancient greek} σάπφειρος | sap-phoeros (= sapphire) < ^semitic source < (?) ^sanskrit sanipriya (= sacred to Saturn), a dark precious stone < Sani (= Saturn) + priyah (= precious).

sap < ^{old english} sæp < ^{proto-germanic} *sapam < ^I.E. *sab- (= juice, fluid).

Sara < Sarah (q.v.).

Sarah < ^hebrew Sarah (= princess) < sarah, female of sar (= prince) < sarar (= he ruled).

sarcasm < sarcasmus < ^{late latin} sarcasmus < ^{ancient greek} σαρκασμός | sarkasmos (= a sneer, jest, mockery) < σαρκάζω | sarkazō (= strip off the flesh, speak bitterly, sneer) < σαρξ | sarx [gen. σαρκός | sarkos] (= flesh).

sarcophagus < ^latin sarcophagus < ^{ancient greek} σαρκοφάγος | sarkophagos, limestone used for coffins < σαρξ | sarx [gen. σαρκός | sarkos] (= flesh) + stem φαγ- | phagh- of έφαγον | ephagon, past tense of εσθίω | esthiō (= eat).

sardine < ^{middle english} sardine < ^latin sardina < ^{ancient greek} σαρδίνη, σαρδίνος | sardinē, sardinos (= sardine) < Σαρδώ | Sardō (= Sardinia) {> ^latin Sardinia}.

sardonic < ^french sardonique < ^latin sardonius < ^{ancient greek} σαρδόνιος [γέλως] | sardonios [ghelōs] (= of bitter or scornful [laughter]) < (?) σαρδάνη | sardanē (= plant from Sardinia) [from the belief that this plant caused facial convulsions, if it was eaten] < Σαρδώ | Sardō (= Sardinia).

sartorial < ^{modern latin} sartorius < ^{late latin} sartor (= tailor) < ^latin sarcio [inf. sarcire] (= to patch, mend).

Satan < ^{old english} Satan < ^{late latin} Satan < ^{ancient greek} Σατανάς | Satanas < ^hebrew satan (= adversary) < satan (= oppose, plot against) < s-t-n (= one who opposes).

satellite < ^{middle french} satellite < ^latin satelles [gen. satellitis] (= an attendant, body-guard).

satiety < ^{middle french} satiété < ^latin satietas (= sufficiency, fullness) < satis (= enough).

satin < ^{middle english} satin < ^{old french} satin [(?) by influence of ^latin seta (= silk)] < (?) ^arabic [atlas] zaytuni (= [satin] from Zaitun) < Zaitun (= (?) Quanzhou), a ^Chinese city.

satire < ^{middle english} satire < ^{middle french} satire < ^latin satira (= satire, poetic medley) < satura (= full, mixed [dish]) < satura, female of satur (= sated, full).

satisfy < ^{middle english} satisfy < ^{middle french} satisfier < ^{old french} satisfaire (= pay, make reparation) < ^latin satisfacio [inf. satisfacere] (= discharge fully) < satis (= enough) + facio [inf. facere] (= make, do).

satrap < ^{middle english} satrap < ^latin satrapes < ^{ancient greek} σατράπης | satrapēs (= governor of a ^Persian province) < ^{old persian} xšathrapavan- (= guardian of the realm) < xšathra- (= realm, province) + pavan- (= guardian).

saturate < ^latin saturatus, past participle of saturo [inf. saturare] (= fill full, sate) < satur (= sated, full).

Saturday < ^{old english} sæterdæg / sæternesdæg (= Saturn day) < Sætern (= Saturn) + ^{old english} dæg (= day).

Saturn < ^{old english} Sætern < ^latin Saturnus, the ^Italic god of agriculture < (?) ^etruscan origin.

satyr < ^{middle english} satyr < ^latin satyrus < ^{ancient greek} Σάτυρος | Satyros, a deity of woodland, companion of god Dionusos.

sauce < ^{middle english} sauce < ^{old french} sauce / sausse < ^latin salsa (= salt food) < salsa, female past participle of sal(l)o [inf. sal(l)ere] (= to salt) < sal [gen. salis] (= salt) < ^I.E. *sal- (= salt).

saucer < ^{middle english} saucer < ^anglo-latin saucerium / ^{old french} saussier (= sauce dish) < ^{late latin} salsarium, neuter of salsarius (= of salted thing) < ^latin salsus, past participle of sal(l)o [inf. sal(l)ere] (= to salt) < sal [gen. salis] (= salt) < ^I.E. *sal- (= salt).

Saudi Arabia < ^arabic Sa’ud, family name of rulers (< sa’d (= good fortune, happiness)) + ‘arab (= (?) inhabitant of the desert).

Saul < ^latin Saul < ^hebrew Shaul < shaul (= asked for), passive participle of sha’al (= he asked for).

sauna < finnish sauna.

sausage < ^{middle english} sawsyge < ^{old french} saussiche < ^{vulgar latin} *salsica (= sausage) < salsicus (= seasoned with salt) < ^latin salsus, past participle of sal(l)o [inf. sal(l)ere] (= to salt) < sal [gen. salis] (= salt) < ^I.E. *sal- (= salt).

savage < ^{middle english} savage < ^{old french} salvage / sauvage (= wild, untamed) < ^{late latin} salvaticus < silvaticus (= of the forest, wild) < silva (= forest, grove).

savanna(h) < ^spanish sabana < zavana (= treeless plain) < ^arawakan zabana.

save < ^{middle english} save < ^{old french} sauver (= keep safe, protect) < ^{late latin} salvo [inf. salvare] (= make safe, secure) < ^latin salvus (= safe).

savor < ^{middle english} savor < ^{old french} savor (= flavor, taste) < ^latin sapor (= flavor, taste).

saw (= toothed cutting tool) < ^{old english} sagu < ^{proto-germanic} *sago (= cutting tool) {> ^{old norse} sög, ^norwegian sag, ^swedish såg, ^danish sav, ^dutch zaag, ^german Säge} < ^I.E. *sek- (= to cut).

saw (= proverb, saying) < ^{old english} sagu (= speech, tale) < ^{proto-germanic} *saga- / *sagon- {> ^{old norse} saga, ^{middle dutch} sage, ^german Sage} < ^I.E. *sek(w)-₍₃₎ (= to say).

saw (past tense of see) < ^{old english} [plural] sawon.

Saxon < ^{middle english} Saxon < ^{late latin} Saxo < ^{proto-germanic} *sahsa- (= knife) < ^I.E. *sek- (= to cut).

saxophone < ^french saxophone < [Antoine Joseph Adolphe] Sax, Belgian instrument maker (< Sachs / Sacks (= ^Saxon)) + ^{ancient greek} φωνή | phōnē (= voice, sound).

say < ^{old english} secgan (= speak, tell) < ^{proto-germanic} *sagjanan {> ^{old norse} segja, ^danish sige, ^dutch zeggen, ^german sagen} < ^I.E. *sokwyo- < * sek(w)-₍₃₎ (= to say).

sayonara < ^japanese sayonara (= if it is to be that way) < sayo (= that way) + nara (= if).

scab < ^{middle english} scab < ^{old english} sceabb (= scab, itch) < ^{proto-germanic} *skab- (= scratch).

scabbard < ^{middle english} scabbard < ^anglo-french *escauberc (= sheath, vagina) < ^{proto-germanic} *sker-berg- (= sword-protector) < *skar (= blade) + *berg- (= protect).

scabies < ^{middle english} scabies < ^latin scabies (= mange, itch) < scabo [inf. scabere] (= to scratch).

scaffold < ^{middle english} scaffold < ^{old french} eschafaut < chaffaut < ^{vulgar latin} *catafalicum < ^{ancient greek} κατά | kata (= down, beside) + ^latin fala (= wooden siege tower) (< ^etruscan origin).

scald < ^{middle english} scald < ^{old french} escalder (= to scorch) < ^{late latin} excaldo [inf. excaldare] (= bathe in hot water) < ^latin ex (= out) + calidus (= hot).

scale (= skin plate) < ^{middle english} scale < ^{old french} escale (= cup, shell pod) < ^frankish *skala < ^{proto-germanic} *skælo (= split, divide).

scale (= weighing scale) < ^{middle english} scale < ^{old norse} skal (= bowl, cup, weighing scale) < ^{proto-germanic} *skæla (= split, divide).

scale (= to climb by a ladder) < ^{middle english} scale < scale (= ladder) < ^latin scala (= ladder) < scando [inf. scandere] (= to climb).

scalp < ^{middle english} scalp (= top of the head) < ^I.E. *skel-₍₁₎ (= to cut).

scalpel < ^latin scalpellum (= surgical knife), a diminutive of scalprum (= knife, chisel) < scalpo [inf. scalpere] (= to carve, cut) < ^I.E. *skel-₍₁₎ (= to cut).

scamp < (?) scamp (= to roam), a shortening of scamper (q.v.).

scamper < (?) ^flemish schampeeren < schampen (= run away) < ^{old french} escamper (= run away, escape) < ^{vulgar latin} *excampo [inf. excampare] (= decamp) < ^latin ex campo (= out of the field) < ex (= out) + campo, ablative of campus (= field).

scan < ^{middle english} scan (= mark off verse in metric feet) < ^latin scando [inf. scandere] (= to climb, to scan verse).

scandal < ^{middle french} scandale < ^{late latin} scandalum (= cause for offense, temptation) < ^{ancient greek} σκάνδαλον | skandalon (= a trap, offense, stumbling block).

Scandinavia < ^{late latin} Scandinavia < ^{proto-germanic} *skadinaujo (= Scadia island) < *skadin (= Scadia) + *aujo (= thing on water) (< ^I.E. *akwā- (= water)).

scant < ^{middle english} scant < ^{proto-germanic} *skamma-.

scapula < ^{late latin} scapula (= shoulder) < ^latin scapulae [plural] (= shoulders, shoulder blades).

scar < ^{middle english} scar < ^{old norse} sker (= low reef) < ^{proto-germanic} *sker- (= to cut).

scarab < ^{middle french} scarabeé < ^latin scarabaeus < ^{ancient greek} κάραβος | karabos (= beetle, crayfish).

scarce < ^{middle english} scarce < ^{old french} scars (= scanty, scarce) < ^{vulgar latin} *scarsus < *escarpsus < *exscarpo [inf. excarpere] (= pluck out) < ^latin excerpo [inf. excerpere] (= pluck out) < ex (= out) + carpo [inf. carpere] (= to pluck, cut).

scare < ^{middle english} skerren < ^{old norse} skirra (= to frighten, to shrink from).

scarf < (?) ^{old french} escarpe (= sash, sling) < (?) 1. ^frankish *skirpjaor or 2. ^{medieval latin} scirpa (= little bag woven of rushes) < ^latin scirpus (= rush, bulrush).

scarify < ^{middle english} scarify < ^{middle french} scarifier (= score, scrape) < ^{late latin} scarifico [inf. scarificare] < ^latin scarifo [inf. scarifare] (= to scratch open) < ^{ancient greek} σκαριφώμαι | skariphōmae (= to sketch) < σκάριφος | skariphos (= pencil).

scarlet < ^{middle english} scarlet < ^{old french} escarlate (= scarlet color) < (?) ^germanic source.

scarp < ^italian scarpa (= slope) < (?) ^gothic skarpo (= pointed object) < ^{proto-germanic} *skarpa- (= cutting, sharp).

scathe < ^{middle english} scathe < ^{old norse} skaða (= to hurt, harm) < ^{proto-germanic} *skathan-.

scenario < ^italian scenario < ^{late latin} scenarius (= of stage scenes) < ^latin sc(a)ena (= scene) < ^{ancient greek} σκηνή | skēnē (= wooden stage for actors).

scene < ^{middle french} scène < ^latin sc(a)ena (= scene) < ^{ancient greek} σκηνή | skēnē (= wooden stage for actors).

scent < ^{middle english} sent < ^{old french} sentir (= to feel, smell, taste) < ^latin sentio [inf. sentire] (= to feel, perceive, sense).

sceptic < ^{middle french} sceptique< ^latin scepticus (= the sect of the Skeptics philosophers) < ^{ancient greek} Σκεπτικοί | Skeptikoe (= the Skeptics), plural of σκεπτικός | skeptikos (= inquiring, reflective) < σκέπτομαι | skeptomae (= watch, examine, think).

schedule < ^{middle english} sedule / cedule < ^{old french} cedule < ^{late latin} schedula (= strip of paper, note, schedule) < a diminutive of ^latin scheda / scida (= strip of paper) < ^{ancient greek} σχέδιον | skhedion (= near, sketchy) < σχεδόν | skhedon (= nearly, almost) < stem σχε- | skhe- of έσχον | eskhon, past tense of έχω | ekhō (= have) < ^I.E. *segh- (= hold).

scheme < ^{medieval latin} schema (= shape, figure, form) < ^{ancient greek} σχήμα | skhēma (= figure, appearance) < stem σχη- | skhē- of σχήσω | skhēsō, future tense of έχω | ekhō (= have) < ^I.E. *segh- (= hold).

scherzo < ^italian scherzo (= sport, joke) < scherzare (= to jest, joke) < ^germanic source.

schism < ^{middle english} scisme < ^{old french} (s)cisme (= split) < ^latin schisma < ^{ancient greek} σχίσμα | skhisma (= division, cleft) < σχίζω | skhizō (= to split).

schizophrenia < ^{modern latin} schizophrenia (= a splitting of the mind) < ^german Schizophrenie < ^{ancient greek} σχίζω | skhizō (= to split) + φρην | phrēn [gen. φρενός | phrenos] (= mind).

schnapps < ^german Schnaps (= a mouthful, gulp) < ^{low german} snaps < snappen (= to snap).

schnitzel < ^german Schnitzel (= slice, cutlet), a diminutive of Schnitz (= a cut, slice) < schnitzen (= to carve) < schneiden (= to cut) < ^{old high german} snidan < ^{proto-germanic} *snitt-ja- < ^I.E. *sneit- (= to cut).

scholar < ^{old english} scolere (= student) < ^{medieval latin} scholaris (= student) < ^{late latin} scholaris (= of a school) < ^latin schola [see school].

school (= place of instruction) < ^{old english} scol < ^latin schola (= intermission of work, leisure, place of instruction, disciples of a teacher) {> ^spanish escuela, ^italian scuola, ^french école, ^german Schule, ^swedish skola, ^welsh ysgol, ^russian shkola} < ^{ancient greek} σχολή | skholē (= spare time, leisure, rest, a place for lectures, school) < stem σχο- | skhō- of έσχον | eskhon, past tense of έχω | ekhō (= have) < ^I.E. *segh- (= hold).

school (= group of fishes) < ^{middle english} scole < ^{middle dutch} schole (= group of fishes or animals) < ^{west germanic} *skulo-.

science < ^{middle english} science < ^{old french} science (= knowledge, learning) < ^latin scientia (= knowledge, expertness) < sciens [gen. scientis], present participle of scio [inf. scire] (= know) < ^I.E. *skei- (= to cut, split).

scientific < ^{middle french} scientifique < ^{medieval latin} scientificus (= of science) < ^latin scientia (= knowledge) + facio [inf. facere] (= make, do).

scion < ^{middle english} scion < ^{old french} cion / sion (= descendant, twig, offspring) < (?) a diminutive of ^frankish *kid- < ^{proto-germanic} *kidon- < ^I.E. *geie- (= to sprout, open).

scissors < ^{middle english} sisoures [plural] < ^{old french} cisoires [plural] (= shears) < ^{vulgar latin} *cisoria [plural] (= cutting instrument) < *cisus < ^latin caedo [inf. caedere] (= to cut).

sclerosis < ^{middle english} sclerosis < ^{medieval latin} sclirosis (= hardness) < ^{ancient greek} σκλήρωσις | sklērōsis (= a hardening) < σκληρός | sklēros (= hard).

scoliosis < ^{ancient greek} σκολίωσις | skoliōsis (= crookedness) < σκολιός | skolios (= bent, curved).

scoop < ^{middle english} scoop < ^{middle dutch} schope (= bucket for bailing water) < ^{west germanic} *skopo < ^{proto-germanic} *skop- < ^I.E. *(s)kep- (= to cut, scrape).

scope < ^italian scopo (= aim, purpose, target) < ^latin scopus < ^{ancient greek} σκοπός | skopos (= target, watcher) (< σκέπτομαι | skeptomae (= watch, examine, think)).

scorch < ^{middle english} scorch < (?) 1. scorrcnenn (= make dry) < (?) ^{old norse} skorpna (= to be shriveled) or 2. ^{old french} escorchier (= to strip off the skin) < ^{vulgar latin} *excortico [inf. excorticare] (= to flay) < ^latin ex (= out) + cortex [gen. corticis] (= cork).

score < ^{old english} scoru (= twenty) < ^{old norse} skor (= mark, notch, twenty) < ^{proto-germanic} *skur-.

scorn < ^{middle english} scorn < a shortening of ^{old french} escarn (= mockery, derision) < ^{proto-germanic} *skarnjan (= mock, deride).

Scorpio < ^{middle english} Scorpio < ^latin scorpio < scorpius < ^{ancient greek} σκορπιός | skorpios (= scorpion).

scorpion < ^{middle english} scorpion < ^{old french} scorpion < ^latin scorpio < scorpius < ^{ancient greek} σκορπιός | skorpios (= scorpion).

scot-free < ^{old english} scotfreo (= exempt from royal tax) < scot (= royal tax) (< ^{old norse} skot (= a shooting, contribution)) + freo (= free) (< ^{proto-germanic} *friaz (= beloved)).

Scotch < Scottish < Scot (+ [suffix] -ish) < ^{old english} Scottas [plural] (= ^Irishmen, ^Irish settlers of England) < ^{late latin} Scotti < (?) ^celtic source.

scourge < ^{middle english} scourge (= a whip, lash) < ^anglo-french escorge < ^{old french} escorgier (= to whip) < ^{vulgar latin} *excorrigio [inf. excorrigiare] < ^latin ex (= out) + corrigia (= thong, shoelace, whip).

scout < ^{middle english} scout < ^{old french} escouter (= to listen, heed) < ^latin ausculto [inf. auscultare] (= listen to) < ausicula < auricula, a diminutive of auris (= ear).

scrabble < ^dutch schrabbelen < schrabben (= to scratch) < ^I.E. *sker-₍₁₎ (= to cut).

scrap < ^{middle english} scrap < ^{old norse} skrap (= scraps, trifles) < skrapa (= to scrape, scratch).

scrape < ^{middle english} scrape < (?) ^{old norse} skrapa (= to scrape, erase) < ^{proto-germanic} *skrapojan.

scratch < ^{middle english} scratch < (?) a fusion of scratten (= to scrape) + crachen (= to scratch).

scream < ^{middle english} scræmen (= scream, cry aloud) < ^germanic origin.

screen < ^{middle english} screen (= furniture for protection from heat) < (?) ^{old french} escren / ^{old french} escran (= fire-screen) < (?) 1. ^{middle dutch} scherm (= screen, cover, shield) or 2. ^frankish *skrank (= barrier) < ^{proto-germanic} *skerm-.

screw < ^{middle english} screw < ^{middle french} escroue (= nut, socket, screwhole) < (?) ^gallo-roman *scroba / ^{west germanic} *scruva < ^{vulgar latin} scrobis (= screw-head groove) < ^latin scrobis (= ditch, trench, vagina).

scribble < ^{middle english} scribble < ^{medieval latin} scribillo [inf. scribillare] (= to write in rough) < ^latin scribo [inf. scribere] (= to write).

scribe < ^{middle english} scribe < ^latin scribo [inf. scribere] (= to write) < ^I.E. *skribh- (= to cut, sift, separate).

script < ^{middle english} script < scrite < ^{old french} escrit (= piece of writing, written paper) < ^latin scriptum (= a writing, book, law, line) < scriptum, neuter past participle of scribo [inf. scribere] (= to write) < ^I.E. *skribh- (= to cut, sift, separate).

scroll < ^{middle english} scroll altered [by influence of rolle (= roll)] < scrowe < ^anglo-french escrowe / ^{old french} escroe (= scrap, roll of parchment) < ^frankish *skroda (= shred) < ^{proto-germanic} *skrauth-.

scrounge < scrunge (= to search stealthily) < (?) scringe (= to pry about).

scrub < ^{middle english} scrub < shrubben < (?) ^{middle dutch} / ^{middle low german} schrubben (= to scrub).

scruple < ^{middle english} scruple < ^{old french} scrupule < ^latin scrupulus (= uneasiness, anxiety), a diminutive of scrupus (= sharp stone) [(?) causing anxiety if it is in one’s shoe].

scrutiny < ^{middle english} scrutiny < ^{late latin} scrutinium (= a search, inquiry) < ^latin scrutor [inf. scrutari] (= to examine, search).

scuba < an acronym of self-contained underwater breathing apparatus [1952].

sculpture < ^{middle english} sculpture < ^latin sculptura (= sculpture) < sculpo [inf. sculpere] (= to carve, engrave).

scum < ^{middle english} scum < ^{middle dutch} schume (= foam, froth) < ^{proto-germanic} *skuma-.

scurf < ^{old english} sceorf < ^{proto-germanic} *skurf-.

scuttle (= bucket) < ^{old english} scutel (= dish, platter) < ^latin scutella (= serving platter), a diminutive of scutra (= flat tray, dish).

scythe < ^{old english} siðe / sigði < ^{proto-germanic} *segitho (= sickle) < ^I.E. *sek- (= to cut).

sea < ^{old english} sæ (= sea, lake, pool) < ^{proto-germanic} *saiwa- {> ^{old norse} sær, ^swedish sjö, ^{old saxon} seo, ^{old frisian} se, ^{middle dutch} see, ^dutch zee, ^danish sø, ^german See}.

seagull < sea + gull (< (?) ^{old celtic} *voilenno-).

seal < ^{old english} seolh (= seal) < ^{proto-germanic} *selkhaz < (?) finnic source.

seal (= design stamped on wax) < ^{middle english} seal < ^{old french} seel < ^{vulgar latin} *sigellum < ^latin sigillum (= small picture, seal), a diminutive of signum (= identifying mark, sign).

seam < ^{old english} seam (= seam, suture, junction) < ^{proto-germanic} *saumaz.

Sean < ^irish Sean / Shaun / Shawn < John < Jan / Jon < ^{old french} Jan / Jean / Jehan < ^{medieval latin} Johannes < ^{late latin} Joannes < ^{ancient greek} Ιωάννης | Iōannēs < ^hebrew Yohanan (= God is gracious) < Yah / Yoh, a shortening of Yahwah / Yahweh (= God) + hanan (= he was gracious).

search < ^{middle english} search < ^{old french} cerchier (= to search) < ^latin circo [inf. circare] (= go about, wander) < circus (= circle).

season < ^{middle english} season < ^{old french} saison / seison (= season, date) < ^latin satio (= a sowing, planting) < sero [inf. serere] (= to sow).

seat < ^{middle english} seat < ^{old norse} sæti (= seat, position) < ^{proto-germanic} *sæt- < ^I.E. *sed-₍₁₎ (= to sit).

Sebastian < ^latin Sebastianus < ^{ancient greek} Σεβαστιανός | Sebastianos (= man of Sebastia) < Σεβάστια | Sebastia, a city in Asia Minor < σεβαστός | sebastos (= venerable) < σέβας | sebas (= respect).

sec < ^french sec (= dry) < ^latin siccus (= dry).

secede < ^latin secedo [inf. secedere] (= go away, separate, rebel) < se- (= apart) + cedo [inf. cedere] (= go).

seclude < ^{middle english} seclude < ^latin secludo [inf. secludere] (= shut off) < se- (= apart) + claudo [inf. claudere] (= to shut).

second < ^{middle english} second < ^{old french} second / secont < ^latin secundus (= following, secondary) < ^I.E. *sekw- (= to follow).

secret < ^{middle english} secret < ^latin secretus, past participle of secerno [inf. secernere] (= set apart, divide) < se- (= apart) + cerno [inf. cernere] (= separate).

secretary < ^{middle english} secretary < ^{medieval latin} secretarius (= clerk, notary, confidential officer) < ^latin secretum (= secret, hidden thing) < secretum, neuter past participle of secerno [inf. secernere] (= set apart, divide) < se- (= apart) + cerno [inf. cernere] (= separate).

sect < ^{middle english} sect < ^{old french} se(c)te (= sect, religious community) / ^{late latin} secta (= sect, religious group) < ^latin secta (= way, manner, mode, school of thought) < secta, female past participle of sequor [inf. sequi] (= follow).

section < ^{middle english} section < ^{old french} section / ^latin sectio (= a cutting, division) < seco [inf. secare] (= to cut).

sector < ^{late latin} sector (= section of a circle) < ^latin sectus, past participle of seco [inf. secare] (= to cut).

secular < ^{middle english} secular < ^{old french} seculer < ^{late latin} saecularis (= worldly, secular) < ^latin saecularis (= of an age) < saeculum (= age, lifetime, generation).

secure < ^latin securus (= quiet, careless, safe) < se- (= apart) + cura (= care).

sedan < (?) ^italian [dialectal] sede (= chair) < ^latin sedes (= chair).

sedate < ^latin sedatus (= moderate, quiet), past participle of sedo [inf. sedare] (= to settle, calm) < sedeo [inf. sedere] (= to sit).

sedge < ^{old english} secg (= sedge, reed, rush) < ^{proto-germanic} *sagjaz (= plant with a cutting edge).

sediment < ^{middle french} sédiment < ^latin sedimentum (= a settling, sinking down) < sedeo [inf. sedere] (= to sit).

sedition < ^{middle english} sedition < ^{old french} sedicion < ^latin seditio (= civil disorder, dissension, rebellion) < se- (= apart) + itio (= a going) (< eo [inf. ire] (= go)).

seduce < ^latin seduco [inf. seducere] (= lead away, lead astray) < se- (= apart) + duco [inf. ducere] (= to lead).

sedulous < ^latin sedulus (= attentive, diligent, busy, zealous) < (?) sedulo (= sincerely, diligently) < sedolo (= without deception) < se- (= apart) + dolo, ablative of dolus (= deception, guile).

see (= look) < ^{old english} seon (= see, look, behold) < ^{proto-germanic} *sehwanan {> ^{old norse} sja, ^{middle dutch} sien, ^{old high german} sehan, ^german sehen} < ^I.E. *sekw-₍₂₎ (= to see).

see (= throne of a bishop) < ^{middle english} see < ^{old french} sie (= seat, throne, capital, episcopal see) < ^latin sedes (= seat, throne).

seed < ^{old english} sed / sæd < ^{proto-germanic} *sediz (= seed) < ^I.E. *se-ti- (= sowing) < *sē- (= to sow).

seek < ^{old english} secan (= inquire, search for, pursue) [by influence of ^{old norse} soekja] < ^{proto-germanic} *sakanan.

seem < ^{middle english} seem < ^{old norse} soema (= to honor, put up with) < soemr (= fitting) < ^{proto-germanic} *somiz < ^I.E. *somi- < *sem-₍₁₎ (= one, as one).

seen < ^{middle english} sein < ^{old english} gesegen / gesewen, past participle of seon (= see, look, behold) < ^{proto-germanic} *sehwanan < ^I.E. *sekw-₍₂₎ (= to see).

seethe < ^{old english} seoþan (= to boil, be troubled in mind) < ^{proto-germanic} *seuthan.

segment < ^latin segmentum (= a piece cut off, a cutting) < seco [inf. secare] (= to cut).

segregate < ^latin segregatus, past participle of segrego [inf. segregare] (= set apart, divide) < se- (= apart) + grex [gen. gregis] (= herd, flock).

seignior < ^{middle english} seignior < ^{old french} seignior < ^latin senior (= older), comparative of senex [gen. senis] (= old).

seine < ^{old english} segne (= drag-net) < ^{west germanic} *sagina < ^{ancient greek} σαγήνη / sagēnē (= fishing net).

seismic < ^{ancient greek} σεισμός | soesmos (= earthquake) < σείω | soeō (= to shake).

seize < ^{middle english} seize < ^{old french} seisir (= take by force, bestow upon) < ^{late latin} sacio [inf. sacire] (= seize) < (?) 1. ^frankish *sakjan (= lay claim to) or 2. ^{proto-germanic} *satjan (= to place).

seldom < ^{old english} seldum < seldan (= rarely) < ^{proto-germanic} *selda- (= strange, rare).

select < ^latin selectus, past participle of seligo [inf. seligere] (= choose out, select, separate) < se- (= apart) + lego [inf. legere] (= gather, select).

Selene < ^{ancient greek} Σελήνη | Selēnē (= the moon, the moon goddess) < σέλας | selas (= light, brightness).

self < ^{old english} se(o)lf / sylf (= one’s own person, same) < ^{proto-germanic} *selbaz (= self) < ^I.E. *sel-bho- < *s(w)e-, pronoun of third person.

selfie < self [photo] + [suffix] -ie [2005].

Selina < ^french Céline < ^latin caelina (= heavenly) < caelum (= heaven, sky).

sell < ^{old english} sellan (= give, supply, surrender, deliver to) < ^{proto-germanic} *saljanan (= offer up, deliver) < ^I.E. *sel-₍₃₎ (= take, grasp).

selvage < ^{middle english} selvage (= edge of web or cloth) < self (q.v.) + edge (< ^{old english} ecg (= corner, edge) < ^{proto-germanic} *agjo).

semantic < ^french sémantique < ^{ancient greek} σημαντικός | sēmantikos (= significant) < σημαίνω | sēmaenō (= signify, point out) < σήμα | sēma (= sign, mark, token).

semaphore < (?) ^french sémaphore (= a bearer of signals) < ^{ancient greek} σήμα | sēma (= sign, signal) + -φόρος | -phoros (= bearer) (< φέρω | pherō (= to carry)).

semen < ^{middle english} semen < ^latin semen (= seed, offspring) < ^I.E. *semen- (= seed) < *sē- (= to sow).

semester < ^german Semester (= half-year course in a university) < ^latin semestris / semenstris (= of six months) < sex (= six) + mensis (= month).

semi- < ^latin semi- (= half, part, partial) < ^I.E. *semi- (= half).

semicolon < ^latin semi- (= half) + ^{ancient greek} κώλον | kōlon (= colon).

seminal < ^{middle english} seminal < ^{old french} seminal < ^latin seminalis (= of seed) < semen [gen. seminis] (= seed, offspring) < ^I.E. *semen- (= seed) < *sē- (= to sow).

seminar < ^german Seminar (= group of students working with a professor) < ^latin seminarium (= plant nursery, breeding ground) < seminarium, neuter of seminarius (= of seed) < semen [gen. seminis] (= seed, offspring).

seminary < ^{middle english} seminary < ^latin seminarium (= plant nursery, breeding ground) < seminarium, neuter of seminarius (= of seed) < semen [gen. seminis] (= seed, offspring).

Semite < ^french Sémite < ^{modern latin} Semita < ^{late latin} Sem < ^{ancient greek} Σημ | Sēm < ^hebrew Shem (= name), son of Noah and ancestor of Semites.

senate < ^{middle english} senate < ^{old french} senat / ^latin senatus (= highest council of the state) < senex [gen. senis] (= old).

send < ^{old english} sendan (= send, throw, impel) < ^{proto-germanic} *sond- {> ^{old norse} senda, ^dutch zenden, ^german senden} < ^I.E. *sent- (= to head for, go).

senile < ^french sénile < ^latin senilis (= of old age) < senex [gen. senis] (= old).

senior < ^{middle english} senior < ^latin senior (= older), comparative of senex [gen. senis] (= old).

sense < ^{middle english} sense < ^{old french} sens (= sense, meaning, wit) < ^latin sensus (= perception, feeling, meaning) < sentio [inf. sentire] (= perceive, feel, know).

sentence < ^{middle english} sentence < ^{old french} sentence (= judgment, decision, meaning) < ^latin sententia (= thought, opinion, judgment, decision) < sentiens [gen. sentientis], present participle of sentio [inf. sentire] (= perceive, feel, know).

sentiment < ^{middle english} sentement < ^{old french} sentement < ^{medieval latin} sentimentum (= feeling, affection, opinion) < ^latin sentio [inf. sentire] (= perceive, feel, know).

sentinel < ^{middle french} sentinelle < ^italian sentinella (= sentinel) < (?) ^latin sentio [inf. sentire] (= perceive, feel, know).

Seoul < korean Seoul < seoul (= capital).

separate < ^{middle english} separate < ^latin separatus, past participle of separo [inf. separare] (= pull apart) < se- (= apart) + paro [inf. parare] (= make ready, prepare).

sepia < ^italian seppia < ^latin sepia (= cuttlefish) < ^{ancient greek} σέπια | sepia (= cuttlefish).

September < ^{old english} September < ^latin September [mensis] (= seventh [month]) [of the old Roman calendar, which began with March] < septem (= seven) + [suffix] -ber (< -bris).

septic < ^latin septicus < ^{ancient greek} σηπτικός | sēptikos (= of putrefaction) < σήπω | sēpō (= make putrid, cause to rot).

sepulchre < ^{middle english} sepulcher < ^{old french} sepulcre (= tomb, the Holy Sepulchre) < ^latin sepulcrum (= grave, tomb).

sequel < ^{middle english} sequel < ^{old french} sequelle < ^{late latin} sequela (= result, consequence) < sequor [inf. sequi] (= to follow).

sequence < ^{middle english} sequence < ^{old french} sequence (= answering verses) < ^{medieval latin} sequentia (= a following, a succession) < ^latin sequens [gen. sequentis], present participle of sequor [inf. sequi] (= to follow).

sequester < ^{middle english} sequester < ^{old french} sequestrer < ^{late latin} sequestro [inf. sequestrare] (= to place in safekeeping) < ^latin sequester (= trustee, mediator), (?) related to sequor [inf. sequi] (= to follow).

sequoia < ^{modern latin} sequoia < Sequoya, in honor of this Cherokee man < ^iroquoian Sikwayi.

seraph < ^{old english} seraphim [plural] < ^{late latin} seraphim < ^{ancient greek} Σεραφείμ | Seraphoem < ^hebrew seraphim, plural of *saraph (= the burning one) < saraph (= it burned).

Serb < ^serbian Srb (= man).

sere < ^{old english} sear (= dried up, withered, barren) < ^{proto-germanic} *sauzas < ^I.E. *saus- (= dry).

Serena < ^latin serena, female of serenus (= clear, bright, joyous).

serenade < ^french sérénade < ^italian serenata (= evening song) < sereno (= open air) < sereno (= clear, calm) < ^latin serenus (= peaceful, calm, serene).

serene < ^{middle english} serene < ^latin serenus (= peaceful, calm, clear).

serf < ^{middle english} serf < ^{old french} serf (= vassal, servant, slave) < ^latin servus (= slave).

serge < ^{middle english} serge < ^{old french} serge < ^{vulgar latin} *sarica < ^latin serica [vestis] (= silken [garment]) < ^{ancient greek} σηρική | sērikē, female of σηρικός | sērikos (= silken) < σηρ | sēr (= silkworm).

sergeant < ^{middle english} sergeant (= servant) < ^{old french} sergent / serjant (= servant, valet, soldier) < ^{medieval latin} serviens [gen. servientis] (= servant, vassal, soldier) < ^latin serviens, present participle of servio [inf. servire] (= be a servant, to serve).

Sergius < ^latin Sergius < ^etruscan origin.

serial < series + [suffix] -al.

series < ^latin series (= row, chain, series, sequence) < sero [inf. serere] (= to join, link, bind).

serious < ^{middle english} serious < ^{middle french} sérieux (= grave, earnest) < ^{late latin} seriosus < ^latin serius (= weighty, important, grave).

sermon < ^{middle english} sarmun < ^anglo-french sermun / ^{old french} sermon (= speech, discourse) < ^latin sermo (= continued speech, conversation).

serpent < ^{middle english} serpent < ^{old french} sarpent / serpent (= snake, serpent) < ^latin serpens [gen. serpentis] (= snake) < serpens, present participle of serpo [inf. serpere] (= to creep).

serpentine < ^{middle english} serpentine < ^{old french} serpentin (= of a snake) < ^{late latin} serpentius (= of a snake) < ^latin serpens [gen. serpentis] (= snake) < serpens, present participle of serpo [inf. serpere] (= to creep).

serrate < ^latin serratus (= sawlike, notched like a saw) < serra (= a saw).

serum < ^latin serum (= watery fluid, whey).

serve < ^{middle english} serve < ^{old french} servir (= set table, serve at table, offer) < ^latin servio [inf. servire] (= be a servant, to serve).

Servian < ^{medieval latin} Servia < Serb < ^serbian Srb (= man).

service < ^{middle english} service < ^{old french} servise (= servitude, service at table, Mass) < ^latin servitium (= slavery, servitude) < servus (= slave).

servo < servo-motor < ^french servo-moteur < ^latin servus (= slave) + ^{late latin} motor (= mover) (< ^latin moveo [inf. movere] (= to move)).

sesame < ^{middle english} sesame < (?) ^{middle french} sisame < ^latin sesamum < ^{ancient greek} σήσαμον | sēsamon (= sesame) < ^hebrew shumshom.

session < ^{middle english} session < ^{old french} session (= state of sitting, assembly) < ^latin sessio (= act of sitting, a seat, session) < sedeo [inf. sedere] (= to sit).

set < ^{old english} settan < ^{proto-germanic} *(bi)satejanan (= to cause to sit, set) {> ^{old norse} setja, ^swedish sätta, ^dutch zetten, ^german setzen} < ^I.E. *sod- < *sed-₍₁₎ (= to sit).

settle < ^{middle english} setle (= a seat) < ^{old english} setl (= a seat, stall, position) < ^{proto-germanic} *setla- < ^I.E. *sedla- < *sed-₍₁₎ (= to sit).

seven < ^{old english} seofon < ^{proto-germanic} *sebun {> ^{old norse} sjau, ^swedish sju, ^danish syv, ^dutch zeven, ^gothic sibun, ^german sieben} < ^I.E. *septm (= seven) {> ^latin septem, ^{ancient greek} επτά | epta}.

sever < ^{middle english} sever < ^anglo-french severer / ^{old french} sevrer (= to separate) < ^{vulgar latin} *sepero [inf. seperare] < ^latin separo [inf. separare] (= pull apart) < se- (= apart) + paro [inf. parare] (= make ready, prepare).

several < ^{middle english} several < ^anglo-french several < ^{middle french} seperalis (= separate) < ^{medieval latin} separalis < ^latin separ (= separate, different) < ^latin separo [inf. separare] (= pull apart) < se- (= apart) + paro [inf. parare] (= make ready, prepare).

severe < ^{middle french} severe < ^latin severus (= serious, strict, austere).

Seville < ^spanish Sevilla < ^phoenician sefela (= plain, valley).

sew < ^{old english} siwian (= to stitch, sew, mend) < siowian < ^{proto-germanic} *siwjanan < ^I.E. *syu- (= to bind, sew).

sex < ^{middle english} sex (= gender) < ^latin sexus (= a sex, gender).

Seychelles < ^french [Jean Moreau de] Séchelles, a minister of finance [named in honor of him].

shackle < ^{old english} sceacel (= shackle, fetter) < ^{proto-germanic} *skakula-.

shade < ^{middle english} schade < ^{old english} scead (= partial darkness, shelter) / sceadu (= shadow, darkness) < ^{proto-germanic} *skadwaz < ^I.E. *skot-wo- < *skot- (= dark, shade) {> ^{ancient greek} σκότος | skotos}.

shadow < ^{old english} sceadwe / sceaduwe < sceadu (= shadow, darkness) < ^{proto-germanic} *skadwaz < ^I.E. *skot-wo- < *skot- (= dark, shade) {> ^{ancient greek} σκότος | skotos}.

shaft < ^{old english} sceaft (= staff, pole, spear) < ^{proto-germanic} *skaftaz.

shag < (?) ^{old english} sceacga (= rough matted hair or wool) < ^{proto-germanic} *skagjan.

shah < ^persian shah < ^{old persian} xšayathiya (= king) < ^indo-iranian *ksayati (= he rules).

shake < ^{old english} sceacan < ^{proto-germanic} *skakanan.

shall < ^{old english} sceal / scule (= will have to, ought to, must) < ^{proto-germanic} *skal-.

shalom < ^hebrew shalom (= peace, completeness, soundness) < shalam (= was complete, was in good health).

shaman < (?) ^german Schamane < ^russian sha’man < tungus saman < (?) ^chinese sha men (= Buddhist monk) < pirakrit samaya- < ^sanskrit sramana-s (= Buddhist ascetic).

shambles < ^{middle english} shambles (= meat or fish market) < schamil (= table, stall for vending) < ^{old english} scamol / scomul (= stool, bench, table for vending).

shame < ^{old english} scamu / sceomu (= feeling of guilt, disgrace) < ^{proto-germanic} *skamo.

shampoo < ^anglo-indian shampoo < ^hindi champo, imperative of champna (= to press, knead the muscles) < (?) ^sanskrit capayati (= pounds, kneads).

Shanghai < ^chinese Shanghai (= by the sea) < shang (= on, above) + hai (= sea).

shank < ^{old english} sceanca (= leg, shank, shinbone) < ^{proto-germanic} *skunkia-.

shape < ^{old english} scapan, past participle of scieppan (= create, form) < ^{proto-germanic} *skapjanan (= create).

shard < ^{old english} sceard (= cleft, gap, fragment) < ^{proto-germanic} *skardaz.

share < ^{old english} scearu (= a cutting, part, division) < ^{proto-germanic} *skeraz.

sharia < ^arabic shari’ah (= the revealed law) < shar’ (= revelation).

shark < (?) 1. ^german Schorck < Schurke (= scoundrel, villain) < ^{middle high german} schürgen (= to poke, stir) or 2. ^mayan xoc (= shark).

Sharon < ^hebrew Sharon, a shortening of yesharon (= the plain) < yashar (= was straight, was even).

sharp < ^{old english} scearp (= pointed, acute, biting) < ^{proto-germanic} *skarpaz (= cutting).

shave < ^{old english} sceafan (= scrape, shave, ^polish) < ^{proto-germanic} *skaban.

she < ^{middle english} she < ^{old english} seo / sio, female of se (= the) < ^I.E. *so- (= this, that).

shear < ^{old english} sceran / scieran (= to cleave, hew, cut, shear) < ^{proto-germanic} *skero (= to cut).

sheath < ^{old english} sceað / scæð < ^{proto-germanic} *skaith-.

shed < ^{old english} sceadan / scadan (= to divide, separate, decide) < ^{proto-germanic} *skaithan.

sheen < sheene (= beautiful, bright) < ^{old english} scene / sciene (= beautiful, bright) < ^{proto-germanic} *skauniz (= conspicuous).

sheep < ^{old english} sce(a)p < ^{west germanic} *skæpan {> ^dutch schaap, ^{middle low german} schap, ^{old high german} scaf, ^german Schaf}.

sheer < ^{middle english} sheer (= exempt, free from guilt) < ^{old english} scir (= bright, clear, pure) < ^{proto-germanic} *skeran.

sheet < ^{old english} sc(i)ete (= cloth, covering, towel) < ^{proto-germanic} *skautjon- < *skauta- (= project).

sheik < ^arabic shaykh (= chief, old man) < shakha (= grow old).

Sheila < ^irish Sheila < Celia, a shortening of Cecilia, female of Cecil < ^latin Caecilius < caecus (= blind).

shekel < ^{middle english} sicle < ^hebrew sheqel < shaqal (= he weighed).

shelf < ^{middle english} shelf < 1. ^{middle low german} schelf (= shelf) or 2. ^{old english} scylfe (= shelf, floor) / scylf (= peak, pinnacle) < ^{proto-germanic} *skelf- (= split).

shell < ^{old english} scell / sciell / scill (= seashell, eggshell) < ^{proto-germanic} *skaljo (= piece cut off, shell, scale).

shelter < (?) ^{middle english} sheltron / sheldtrume (= wall formed by locked shields) < ^{old english} scyldtruma < scield (= shield) + truma (= troop).

shepherd < ^{old english} sceaphierde < sceap (= sheep) + hierde (= herder) (< heord (= herd)).

sheriff < ^{old english} scirgerefa < scir (= administrative office, stewardship, authority) + gerefa (= chief, official).

Sherlock < ^{old english} scir (= bright) + locc (= lock of hair).

shiatsu < ^japanese shiatsu (= finger-pressure).

shield < ^{old english} sci(e)ld (= board, shield, protector, defense) < ^{proto-germanic} *skelduz.

shift < ^{old english} sciftan / scyftan (= arrange, order, divide, share) < ^{proto-germanic} *skiftan.

Shiite < ^arabic shiya’iy (= follower) < shi’ah (= part, sect).

shilling < ^{old english} scilling < ^{proto-germanic} *skillingoz-.

shimmer < ^{old english} scimerian (= to glitter, shimmer, shine) < ^{proto-germanic} *skim-.

shin < ^{old english} scinu (= shin, fore part of the lower leg) < ^{proto-germanic} *skino (= thin piece).

shine < ^{old english} scinan (= shed light, be radiant, illuminate) < ^{proto-germanic} *skeinanan.

shingle < ^{middle english} scincle < ^{late latin} scindula < ^latin scandula (= roof tile) < scindo [inf. scindere] (= to cut, rend, split).

shingles < ^{middle english} shingles < ^{medieval latin} cingulus < ^latin cingulum (= girdle) < cingo [inf. cingere] (= to gird).

Shinto < ^chinese shin tao (= way of the gods) < shin (= god, spirit) + tao (= way, path, doctrine).

ship < ^{old english} scip (= ship, boat) < ^{proto-germanic} *skipa- {> ^{old norse} skip, ^swedish skepp, ^danish skib, ^dutch schip, ^gothic skip, ^{old high german} skif, ^german Schiff}.

shire < ^{old english} scir (= administrative office, authority, district, province) < ^{proto-germanic} *skizo.

shirt < ^{old english} scyrte (= skirt, tunic) < ^{proto-germanic} *skurtjon (= short garment).

shit < ^{old english} scitan < ^{proto-germanic} *skit- < ^I.E. *skei- (= to cut, split).

shoal < ^{middle english} shoal < ^{old english} schealde < sceald (= shallow) < ^{proto-germanic} *skala-.

shock < ^{middle french} choc (= violent attack) < ^{old french} choquer (= strike against) < ^germanic origin.

shoe < ^{old english} scoh (= shoe) < ^{proto-germanic} *skokhaz {> ^{old norse} skor, ^swedish sko, ^danish sko, ^dutch schoen, ^german Schuh}.

shoot < ^{old english} sceotan (= to strike, hit, wound with missiles) < ^{proto-germanic} *skeutanan.

shop < ^{middle english} shop < (?) 1. ^{old english} scoppa < ^{proto-germanic} *skoppan (= small additional structure) or 2. ^{old french} eschoppe (= booth, stall) < ^{proto-germanic} *skoppan.

shore < ^{middle english} shore < ^{middle low german} schor (= shore, coast) / ^{middle dutch} scorre (= coast) < (?) ^{proto-germanic} *skur-o- (= cut).

short < ^{old english} sc(e)ort (= short, brief) < (?) ^{proto-germanic} *skurta-.

shot < ^{old english} sc(e)ot (= a shot, a shooting) < ^{proto-germanic} *skutan.

shoulder < ^{old english} sculdor < ^{west germanic} *skuldro.

shout < ^{middle english} schowten (= call loudly, cry out loudly).

shove < ^{old english} scufan (= push away, thrust) < ^{proto-germanic} *skūbanan.

show < ^{old english} sceawian (= look at, gaze, behold) < ^{proto-germanic} *skauwojan < *skau- (= look at, behold).

shower < ^{old english} scur (= storm, tempest) < ^{proto-germanic} *skuraz.

shred < ^{old english} screade (= piece cut off, scrap) < ^{proto-germanic} *skraudōn-.

shrimp < ^{middle english} shrimp (= slender) < (?) ^{old norse} skreppa (= thin) < ^{proto-germanic} *skrimp-.

shrink < ^{old english} scrincan (= to draw in the limbs, contract, wither) < ^{proto-germanic} *skrink-.

shrive < ^{old english} scrifan (= assign, prescribe, decree) < ^{proto-germanic} *skriban.

shroud < ^{old english} scrud (= garment, dress) < ^{west germanic} *skruthan < ^{proto-germanic} *skrud- (= cut).

shrub < ^{old english} scrybb (= brushwood, shrubbery).

shudder < ^{middle english} shudder < (?) ^{middle dutch} schuderen (= to shudder) / ^{middle low german} schoderen < ^{proto-germanic} *skuth- (= to shake).

shuffle < (?) 1. ^{middle english} shovelen (= to move with dragging feet) < shoven < ^{old english} scufan (= push away, thrust) or 2. ^{low german} schuffeln (= to walk clumsily).

shun < ^{old english} scunian (= avoid, desist, hide).

shut < ^{old english} scyttan (= bolt, shut to, discharge) < ^{west germanic} *skutjan.

shuttle < ^{old english} scytel (= dart, arrow) < ^{proto-germanic} *skutilaz.

shy < ^{old english} sceoh (= timid, easily startled) < ^{proto-germanic} *skeukh(w)az (= afraid).

sibilant < ^latin sibilans [gen. sibilantis], present participle of sibilo [inf. sibilare] (= to hiss, whistle) < (?) imitative origin.

sibling < ^{old english} sibling (= relative, kinsman) < sibb (= kinship, relationship, love) < ^{proto-germanic} *sibja- (= blood relation, relative).

sibyl < ^{middle english} sibyl < ^{old french} sibile < ^latin Sibylla < ^{ancient greek} Σίβυλλα | Sibylla, a prophetess.

sic < ^latin sic (= so, thus, in this way).

Sicily < ^latin Sicilia < ^{ancient greek} Σικελία | Sikelia < Σικελοί | Sikeloe [plural] (= Sicilians), an ancient people.

sick < ^{old english} seoc (= ill, diseased, weak) < ^{proto-germanic} *seuka-.

sickle < ^{old english} sicol < ^{vulgar latin} *sicila < ^latin secula (= sickle).

side < ^{old english} side (= flanks, the long part) < ^{proto-germanic} *sīdō < *sithas (= long).

sidereal < siderial < sideral < ^french sidereal < ^latin sidereus (= starry, astral) < sidus [gen. sideris] (= star, constellation).

siege < ^{middle english} siege< ^{old french} sege (= seat, throne) < ^{vulgar latin} *sedicum (= seat) < ^latin sedeo [inf. sedere] (= to sit).

Siegfried < ^german Siegfried < ^{high german} sigu (= victory) (< ^{proto-germanic} *seges- (= victory)) + ^{old high ferman} *frithu (= peace).

sierra < ^spanish sierra (= saw, jagged mountain range) < ^latin serra (= a saw).

siesta < ^spanish siesta < ^latin sexta [hora] (= sixth [hour], noon) [the noon in Roman calendar, started six hours after sunrise] < sexta, female of sextus (= sixth) < sex (= six).

sieve < ^{old english} sife < ^{proto-germanic} *sib.

sift < ^{old english} siftan (= pass through a sieve) < ^{proto-germanic} *sib-.

sight < ^{old english} sihð / gesiht / gesihð (= thing seen, aspect, vision) < ^{proto-germanic} *sekh(w)-.

sigil < ^{middle english} sigil < ^{late latin} sigillum (= seal) < ^latin sigilla (= statuettes, little images, seal), neuter plural of sigillum, a diminutive of signum (= sign).

Sigismund < ^german Sigismund < ^{old high german} sigu (= victory) (< ^{proto-germanic} *seges- (= victory)) + munt (= hand, protection) (< ^{proto-germanic} *mundo (= hand)).

sign < ^{middle english} sign < ^{old french} signe (= sign, mark) < ^latin signum (= sign, token, symbol).

signal < ^{middle english} signal < ^{old french} signal / seignal (= seal, sign, mark) < ^{medieval latin} signale (= signal) < ^{late latin} signalis (= of a sign) < ^latin signum (= sign, token, symbol).

signature < ^{middle french} signature / ^{medieval latin} signatura (= signature, rescript) < ^latin signatus, past participle of signo [inf. signare] (= to mark, sign).

signify < ^{middle english} signify < ^{old french} signifier < ^latin significo [inf. significare] (= make signs, show by signs, point out, signify) < significus (= significant) < signum (= sign, token, symbol) + facio [inf. facere] (= make, do).

signor < ^italian signore < ^latin senior (= older), comparative of senex [gen. senis] (= old).

Silas < ^{late latin} Silas < ^{ancient greek} Σίλας | Silas < Σιλουανός | Silouanos < ^latin Silvanus (= living in the forest) < silva (= forest).

silence < ^{middle english} silence < ^{old french} silence (= absence of sound) < ^latin silentium (= a being silent) < silens [gen. silentis], present participle of sileo [inf. silere] (= be quiet).

silhouette < ^french silhouette < [Étienne de] Silhouette, minister of finance [it is said that he decorated the walls of his chateau with human figures].

silicon < ^{modern latin} silica (= silicon dioxide) < ^latin silex [gen. silicis] (= flint, pebble).

silk < ^{middle english} silk < ^{old english} seoloc / sioloc (= silk, silken cloth) < ^latin sericum (= silk) < sericum, neuter of Sericus < ^{ancient greek} Σηρικός | Sērikos (= silken, pertaining to the Seres) < Σήρες | Sēres, a people of Asia [from whom the Greeks got the silk].

sill < ^{old english} syll (= beam, threshold) < ^{proto-germanic} *suljo.

silly < ^{old english} gesælig (= happy, fortuitous) < ^{proto-germanic} *sæligas.

silo < ^spanish silo < ^latin sirus < ^{ancient greek} σίρος | siros (= a pit to keep corn in).

silver < ^{old english} seolfor / sylfur (= silver) < ^{proto-germanic} *silabur- {> ^{old norse} silfr, ^dutch zilver, ^gothic silubr, ^german silber}.

Simeon < ^{ancient greek} Συμεών | Symeōn < ^hebrew Shim’on (= hearing) < shama (= he heard).

similar < ^french similaire < ^latin similis (= resembling, like, of the same kind).

Simon < ^latin Simon < ^{ancient greek} Συμεών | Symeōn < ^hebrew Shim’on (= hearing) < shama (= he heard).

simony < ^{middle english} simony < ^{old french} simonie (= selling of church offices) < ^{late latin} simonia < Σίμων [ο μάγος] | Simōn [ o maghos] (= Simon [the Magus]) [a magician, berated by apostle Peter, when he tried to buy the power of the Holy Spirit].

simoom < ^arabic samum (= sultry wind) < samma (= he poisoned) < sam (= poison).

simple < ^{middle english} simple < ^{old french} simple < ^latin simplus (= simple).

simplex < ^latin simplex (= single, simple, plain).

simular < ^latin simulo [inf.simulare] (= make like, imitate, copy) < similis (= resembling, like, of the same kind).

simulation < ^{middle english} simulation < ^{old french} simulation < ^latin simulatio (= an imitating) < simulo [inf.simulare] (= make like, imitate, copy) < similis (= resembling, like, of the same kind).

sin < ^{old english} synn (= moral wrongdoing, injury, guilt, crime) < ^{proto-germanic} *sundio (= sin) {> ^{old saxon} sundia, ^dutch zonde, ^german Sünde}.

since < ^{middle english} synnes < sithenes (= since) < sithen < ^{old english} siððan < sið ðan (= after that) < sið (= after) + ðan (< ðam, dative of ðæt (= that)).

sincere < ^{middle french} sincere < ^latin sincerus (= whole, clean, pure, unmixed).

sine < ^latin sinus (= fold in a garment, bend, curve).

sing < ^{old english} singan < ^{proto-germanic} *sengwan {> ^{old norse} syngva, ^swedish sjunga, ^dutch zingen, ^german singen} < ^I.E. *sengwh- (= to sing).

Singapore < ^sanskrit Simhapuram < simhah (= lion) + puram (= city).

singe < ^{old english} sengan (= to burn lightly) < ^{proto-germanic} *sangjanan.

single < ^{middle english} single < ^{old french} sangle / sengle (= alone) < ^latin singulus (= one to one, individual, separate).

Sinic < ^{medieval latin} Sinicus < Sina (= China) < ^{late latin} Sinae [plural] (= the ^Chinese) < ^{ancient greek} Σίναι | Sinae [plural] (= the ^Chinese) < ^arabic Sin (= China) < (?) ^chinese Ch’in, a dynasty of China.

sinister < ^{middle english} sinister < ^{old french} senestre / sinistre (= contrary, unfavorable, to the left) < ^latin sinister [gen. sinistris] (= left, on the left side).

sink < ^{old english} sincan (= go under, subside) < ^{proto-germanic} *senkwan < ^I.E. *sengw- (= to sink).

sinus < ^{middle english} sinus < ^{medieval latin} sinus < ^latin sinus (= bend, fold, curve).

siphon < ^{middle english} siphon < ^latin sipho (= siphon) < ^{ancient greek} σίφων | siphōn (= pipe, tube).

sir < ^{middle english} sir [title of honor of a knight] < sire < ^{old french} sire (= lord, my lord) < ^{vulgar latin} *seior < ^latin senior (= older), comparative of senex [gen. senis] (= old).

sire < (see sir).

siren < ^{middle english} siren < ^{old french} sereine < ^latin Siren < ^{ancient greek} Σειρήν | Soerēn, sea nymph [by her singing she lured sailors to their deaths].

Sirius < ^{middle english} Sirius < ^latin Sirius < ^{ancient greek} Σείριος | Soerios.

sirocco < ^italian sirocco < vulgar ^arabic shoruq (= east wind) < ^arabic sharqi (= eastern) < sharq (= east) < sharaqa (= to rise).

sissy < sis, an abbreviation of sister (q.v.).

sister < ^{middle english} sister < ^{old english} sweostor / swuster < ^{proto-germanic} *swestr- (= sister) {> ^dutch zuster, ^gothic swistar, ^german Schwester} < ^I.E. *swesor (= sister) {> ^latin soror (> ^french soeur), ^{ancient greek} έορ | eor, ^{old church slavonic} sestra, ^russian sestra, ^{old irish} siur, ^welsh chwaer, ^avestan shanhar-, ^sanskrit svasar-).

sit < ^{old english} sittan < ^{proto-germanic} *setjan < ^I.E. *sed-₍₁₎ (= to sit).

sitar < ^hindi sitar < ^persian sitar (= three-stringed) < si (= three) + tar (= string).

site < ^{middle english} site < ^anglo-french site / ^{old french} site (= place, site, position) < ^latin situs (= place, position, location) < situs, past participle of sino [inf. sinere] (= let, leave alone, permit).

situation < ^{middle english} situacioun (= place, position, location) < ^{old french} situacion / ^{medieval latin} situatio (= position) < situo [inf. situare] (= to place, locate) < ^latin situs (= place, position, location).

six < ^{old english} si(e)x / sex < ^{proto-germanic} *seks {> ^swedish sex, ^dutch zes, ^german sechs} < ^I.E. *s(w)eks {> ^latin sex, ^{ancient greek} ‘εξ | ^hex, ^{old church slavonic} sesti, ^russian shesti, ^{old irish} se, ^welsh chwech, ^persian shash, ^avestan kshvash, ^sanskrit sas}.

size < ^{middle english} size < ^{old french} sise, a shortening of assise (= session, regulation) < asseoir (= to cause to sit) < ^latin assido [inf. assidere] < adsido [inf. adsidere] (= sit beside, assist) < ad (= to) + sedeo [inf. sedere] (= to sit).

sizzle < (?) ^{middle english} sissen (= hiss, buzz) < imitative origin.

skate < skeates (= ice skates) < ^dutch schaats < ^{middle dutch} schaetse < (?) 1. ^{old french} escache (= stilt, trestle) < ^frankish *skakkja (= stilt) or 2. ^{middle low german} schenke / ^{old english} scanca (= leg) [if the original ice skates were leg bones of animals].

skeleton < ^{modern latin} sceleton < ^{ancient greek} σκελετόν [σώμα] | skeleton [sōma] (= dried-up [body], skeleton) < σκελετόν, neuter of σκελετός | skeletos (= dried-up) < σκέλλομαι | skellomae (= dry up, make dry).

skeptic < sceptic < ^{middle french} sceptique < ^latin scepticus (= the sect of the Skeptics philosophers) < ^{ancient greek} Σκεπτικοί | Skeptikoe (= the Skeptics), plural of σκεπτικός | skeptikos (= inquiring, reflective) < σκέπτομαι | skeptomae (= watch, examine, think).

skerry < ^{old norse} sker < ^{proto-germanic} *skarjam.

sketch < ^dutch schets / ^{low german} skizze < ^italian schizzo (= sketch, drawing) < ^latin schedius < ^{ancient greek} σχέδιος | skhedios (= temporary) < σχεδόν | skhedon (= nearly, almost) < stem σχε- | skhe- of έσχον | eskhon, past tense of έχω | ekhō (= have) < ^I.E. *segh- (= hold).

skew < ^{middle english} skew < ^{old french} eskiuer (= avoid) / ^{old french} eschiver (= avoid) < ^frankish *skiuhan (= avoid) < ^{proto-germanic} * skeukhwaz.

ski < ^norwegian ski (= stick of wood, firewood) < ^{proto-germanic} *skid- (= to divide) < ^I.E. *skei- (= to cut, split).

skill < ^{middle english} skill < ^{old norse} skil (= distinction, ability to make out) < ^{proto-germanic} *skaljo- (= divide, separate).

skin < ^{middle english} skin < ^{old norse} skinn (= animal hide, fur) < ^{proto-germanic} *skinth- < ^I.E. *sken- (= to peel off, flay) < *sek- (= to cut).

skip < ^{middle english} skip (= to spring lightly, jump over) < (?) ^scandinavian source < ^{proto-germanic} *skupan.

skipper < ^{middle english} skipper < ^{middle dutch} scipper < scip (= ship, boat) < ^{proto-germanic} *skipa- {> ^{old english} scip, ^{old norse} skip, ^swedish skepp, ^danish skib, ^dutch schip, ^gothic skip, ^{old high german} skif, ^german Schiff}.

skull < ^{middle english} skull < (?) ^{old norse} skalli (= bald head, skull).

sky < ^{middle english} sky (= cloud) < ^{old norse} sky (= cloud) < ^{proto-germanic} *skeujam (= cloud) < ^I.E. *(s)keu- (= to cover).

slack < ^{old english} slæc (= remiss, lax, languid, slow) < ^{proto-germanic} *slakas < ^I.E. *sleg- (= be slack).

slalom < ^norwegian slalam (= skiing race) < sla (= slope) + lam (= track),

slander < ^{middle english} slander < ^anglo-french esclaundre / ^{old french} esclandre (= scandalous statement) < escandle / escandre (= scandal) < ^latin scandalum (= cause of offense, temptation) < ^{ancient greek} σκάνδαλον | skandalon (= a trap, offense, stumbling block).

slang < (?) slang (= a piece of delimited territory) / slanger (= linger, go slowly) < ^scandinavian origin.

slant < slenten (= slip sideways) < ^{proto-germanic} *slintanan.

slap < ^{middle english} slap < (?) imitative origin,

slash < (?) ^{middle french} esclachier (= to break) < esclater (= to break, splinter).

slate < ^{middle english} slate < ^{old french} esclate, female of esclat (= split piece, splinter).

slaughter < ^{middle english} slaughter < ^scandinavian *slahtr < ^{proto-germanic} *slukhtis.

Slav < ^{middle english} Sclave < ^{medieval latin} Sclavus (= Slav, slave) < ^{medieval greek} Σκλάβος | Sklabos (= Slav, slave) < ^{old church slavonic} Sloveninu (= Slav).

slave < ^{middle english} slave < ^{old french} esclave < ^{medieval latin} Sclavus (= Slav, slave) {> ^spanish esclavo, ^french esclave, ^italian schiavo, ^greek σκλάβος | sklabos} [because of the many Slavs sold into slavery] < ^{medieval greek} Σκλάβος | Sklabos < ^{old church slavonic} Sloveninu (= Slav).

slay < ^{old english} slean (= to smite, strike, kill) < ^{proto-germanic} *slahanan (= to hit).

sled < ^{middle english} sled < ^{middle dutch} sledde (= sled) < ^{proto-germanic} *slid-.

sledge < ^{old english} slecg (= hammer, mallet) < ^{proto-germanic} *slagjo-.

sleep < ^{old english} slæpan (= be asleep, be dormant) < ^{proto-germanic} *slēpanan < ^I.E. *sleb- (= be weak, sleep).

sleeve < ^{old english} sl(i)efe < ^{proto-germanic} *slaubjon.

sleigh < ^{american english} / canadian ^english sleigh < ^dutch slee < a shortening of ^{middle dutch} sledde (= sled) < ^{proto-germanic} *slid-.

sleight < ^{middle english} sleight < sleahthe < ^{old norse} sloegð (= cleverness, cunning, slyness) < sloegr (= cunning, crafty, sly) < ^{proto-germanic} *slogis.

slender < ^{middle english} slender < sclendre < (?) ^{old french} esclendre (= thin, slender) < (?) ^{old dutch} slinder.

sleuth < ^{middle english} sleuth < ^{old norse} sloð (= trail).

slice < ^{middle english} slice (= fragment) < ^{old french} escliz (= splinter, fragment) < esclicier (= to splinter, smash) < ^frankish *slitan (= to split).

slick < ^{old english} -slician < ^{proto-germanic} *slikojan < *slikaz.

slide < ^{old english} slidan (= to glide, slip, fall) < ^{proto-germanic} *slidan (= to slip, slide) < ^I.E. *sleidh- (= to slide, slip).

slight < ^{middle english} slight (= flat, smooth) < ^{proto-germanic} *slikhtaz.

slime < ^{old english} slim < ^{proto-germanic} *slimaz < ^I.E. *(s)lei- (= slimy, slippery).

sling < ^{middle english} sling (= to knock down) < ^{old norse} slyngva < ^{proto-germanic} *slingwanan < ^I.E. *slengwh (= to slide, sling, throw).

slink < ^{old english} slincan (= to creep, crawl) < ^{proto-germanic} *slinkan.

slip < ^{middle english} slip (= edge of a garment, narrow strip) < (?) ^{middle low german} / ^{middle dutch} slippe (= cut, slit).

slip (= potter’s clay) < ^{middle english} slip (= mud, slime) < ^{old english} slypa / slyppe (= slime, paste, pulp).

slip (= slide) < ^{middle english} slip (= to escape) < ^{proto-germanic} *slipan.

slit < ^{middle english} slit < ^{old english} slitan (= to tear, split) < ^{proto-germanic} *slitan.

slither < ^{middle english} slither < slidder (= to slip, slide) < ^{old english} slidrian (= to slip) < slidan (= to slide).

sliver < ^{middle english} sliver < sliven (= to split, cleave) < ^{old english} slifan (= to split, cleave).

slob < ^irish slab (= mud, mire dirt) < (?) ^english slab (= muddy place) < ^scandinavian source.

slogan < slogorne (= battle cry) < ^gaelic sluagh-ghairm (= battle cry) < sluagh (= army, host) < ^celtic / balto-^slavic *slough- (= help, service) + gairm (= a cry).

sloop < ^dutch sloep (= a sloop) < (?) 1. ^french chaloupe < ^{old french} chalupe (= sloop-rigged vessel) or 2. ^{middle dutch} slupen (= to glide).

slop < ^{middle english} slop (= loose outer garment) < (?) ^{proto-germanic} *slup- < ^I.E. *sleubh- (= to slide, slip).

slope < (?) ^{middle english} aslope (= on the incline) < ^{old english} *aslopen, past participle of aslupan (= to slip away) < a- (= away) + slupan (= to slip).

slot < ^{middle english} slot < ^{middle dutch} / ^{middle low german} slot < ^{proto-germanic} *slut- (= to close).

slouch < slouk < (?) ^{old norse} slokr (= lazy fellow).

slow < ^{old english} slaw (= inactive, torpid, lazy) < ^{proto-germanic} *slæwaz.

sly < ^{middle english} sly (= skillful, clever) < ^{old norse} sloegr (= cunning, crafty, sly) < ^{proto-germanic} *slogis.

smack < ^{old english} smæc (= taste, scent, odor) < ^{proto-germanic} *smakka- < *smakjanan (= to taste).

small < ^{old english} smæl (= thin, slender, narrow) < ^{proto-germanic} *smal- (= small animal) {> ^{old norse} smali, ^swedish smal, ^danish smal, ^dutch smal, ^german schmal} < (?) ^I.E. *(s)melo- (= smaller animal).

smart < ^{old english} smeortan (= be painful) < ^{proto-germanic} *smarta-.

smear < ^{old english} smerian / smierwan < ^{proto-germanic} *smerwjan (= to spread grease).

smelt < ^{middle english} smelt < ^dutch / ^{low german} smelten < ^{proto-germanic} *smelt-.

smile < ^{middle english} smile < (?) ^{middle low german} *smilen < ^{proto-germanic} *smil- < ^I.E. *smei- (= to laugh, smile).

smirch < ^{middle english} smirch (= to discolor, make dirty) < (?) ^{old french} esmorcher (= to torture) < es- (= out) (< ^latin ex (= out)) + morcher (= to bite) (< ^latin morsus, past participle of mordeo [inf. mordere] (= to bite).

smirk < ^{old english} smearcian (= to smile) < (?) ^{proto-germanic} *smer- < ^I.E. *smei- (= to smile).

smite < ^{middle english} smite (= to hit, strike, beat) < ^{old english} smitan < ^{proto-germanic} *smitan.

smith < ^{old english} smið (= blacksmith, armorer) < ^{proto-germanic} *smithaz (= skilled worker) {> ^danish smed, ^{old high german} smid, ^german Schmied} < ^I.E. *smi- (= to cut).

smock < ^{old english} smoc < ^{proto-germanic} *smukkaz.

smog < smoke (q.v.) + fog (< foggy (= full of thick mist) < (?) ^scandinavian sourse) [in reference to air pollution of London (1905)].

smoke < ^{old english} smoca < ^{proto-germanic} *smuk- {> ^dutch smook, ^german Schmauch} < ^I.E. *smeug- (= to smoke).

smooth < ^{old english} smoð (= smooth, calm) < smeðe (= ^polished, soft, suave).

smother < ^{middle english} smother (= suffocate with smoke) < smother < smorthre (= suffocating smoke) < ^{old english} smorian (= to suffocate, choke).

smudge < ^{middle english} smudge < smogen (= to soil, stain, blacken).

smug < (?) ^{low german} smuk (= trim, neat) < ^{middle low german} smücken (= to adorn) < ^{proto-germanic} *smuk- < ^I.E. *smeug- (= to smoke).

smuggler < ^{low german} smuggeln / ^dutch smokkelen < ^{proto-germanic} *smuganan < ^{proto-germanic} *(s)muk-.

smut < smutten (= debase, defile) < ^{west germanic} *smutt-.

snail < ^{old english} snægl < ^{proto-germanic} *snagila.

snake < ^{old english} snaca < ^{proto-germanic} *snakon {> ^{old norse} snakr, ^swedish snok, ^german Schnake} < ^I.E. *sneg- (= to creep, crawl).

snap < ^{middle english} snap (= sudden bite) < ^dutch / ^{low german} snappen (= to snap) < ^{west germanic} *snu-.

sneak < (?) ^{middle english} sniken (= to creep, crawl) < ^{proto-germanic} *sneikanan.

sneeze < ^{middle english} sneeze < ^{old english} fneosan (= to snort, sneeze) < ^{proto-germanic} *fneusanan.

snell < ^{old english} snel (= quick, active).

sniff < ^{middle english} sniff < imitative origin.

snip < (?) ^dutch / ^{low german} snippen (= to snip, shred) < imitative origin.

sniper < snipe (= shoot from a hidden place).

snob < (?) 1. ^latin sine nobilitate < sine (= without) + nobilitate, ablative of nobilitas (= nobility) (< nobilis (= well-known, high-born)) or 2. snob {(= shoemaker) > [slang] (= townsman, local merchant) > (= person of the lower classes) > (= person who imitates his superior) > (= one who despises his inferior)}.

snood < ^{old english} snod (= ribbon for the hair) < ^{proto-germanic} *snodo.

snoop < ^{american english} snoop (= to go around in a prying manner) < (?) ^dutch snoepen (= to pry, eat in secret, sneak).

snooze < (?) echoic origin.

snore < ^{middle english} snore < (?) imitative origin.

snorkel < ^german Schnorchel < ^german [slang] Schnorchel (= nose, snout).

snot < ^{middle english} snot < ^{old english} gesnot (= nasal mucus) < ^{proto-germanic} *snuttan.

snout < ^{middle english} snout < ^{middle low german} / ^{middle dutch} snute (= snout) < ^{proto-germanic} *snut-.

snow < ^{old english} snaw (= snow, a fall of snow, snowstorm) < ^{proto-germanic} *snaiwaz {> ^{old norse} snjor, ^dutch sneeuw, ^gothic snaiws, ^german Schnee} < ^I.E. *sniegwh- (= snow).

snub < ^{middle english} snub (= to check, reprove) < ^{old norse} snubba (= to curse, chide, reprove).

snuff < ^dutch / ^flemish snuffen (= to sniff, snuff) < ^{proto-germanic} *snuf- < imitative origin.

snuffle < ^dutch / ^flemish snuffelen (= to sniff about, pry) < ^{proto-germanic} *snuf- < imitative origin.

so < ^{old english} swa / swæ (= in this way, so as, therefore) < ^{proto-germanic} *swa < ^I.E. *swo- (= so) < *s(w)e-, pronoun of the third person.

so long < (?) 1. ^german so lange (= farewell, whilst [we are apart]) or 2. ^yiddish sholom < ^hebrew shalom (= pease).

soak < ^{old english} socian (= to lie in liquid) < ^{proto-germanic} *sukon.

soap < ^{old english} sape (= soap, salve) < ^{proto-germanic} *saipon (= dripping thing, resin) {> ^{late latin} sapo (> ^italian sapone, ^french savon, ^spanish jabon), ^{ancient greek} σάπων | sapōn} < ^I.E. *soi-bon- < *seib- (= to pour out, drip).

soar < ^{middle english} soar < ^{old french} essorer (= fly up) < ^{vulgar latin} *exauro [inf. exaurare] (= rise into the air) < ^latin ex (= out) + aura (= breeze, air).

sober < ^{middle english} sober (= moderate, temperate, calm) < ^{old french} sobre (= decent, sober) < ^latin sobrius (= not drunk, temperate, moderate) < se- (= without) + ebrius (= drunk).

sobriquet < ^french sobriquet (= nickname) < ^{middle french} soubriquet (= jest, quip).

soccer < socker < socca < Assoc. < an abbreviation of [Football] Association (as opposite to Rugby football).

society < ^{old french} societe (= company) < ^latin societas (= fellowship, association, alliance, community) < socius (= companion, ally).

sock < ^{middle english} sock < ^{old english} socc (= slipper, light shoe) < ^latin soccus (= slipper, light shoe) < (?) ^{ancient greek} σύκχος | sykchos, a kind of shoe.

socket < ^{middle english} socket < ^anglo-french soket (= spearhead, plowshare) < a diminutive of ^{old french} soc (= plowshare) < ^{vulgar latin} *soccus < (?) ^gaulish source < ^celtic *sukko- (= hog’s snout) < ^I.E. *su- (= pig).

sod < ^{middle english} sod < ^{middle dutch} sode (= turf) / ^{middle low german} sode (= sod).

soda < ^{middle english} soda < ^italian sida / ^{medieval latin} soda, a kind of saltwort < (?) 1. catalan sosa or 2. ^arabic suwwadh or 3. ^{medieval latin} sodanum (= a headache remedy) < ^arabic suda (= splitting headache).

sodality < ^{middle french} sodalité / ^latin sodalitas (= companionship, brotherhood, fellowship) < sodalis (= companion).

sodden < ^{old english} soden (= boiled), past participle of seoþan (= to cook, boil).

sodomy < ^{middle english} sodomy < ^{old french} sodomie < ^{late latin} [peccatum] Sodomiticum (= [the sin] of Sodom) < Sodomiticum, neuter of Sodomiticus (= of Sodom) < ^latin Sodoma < ^{ancient greek} Σόδομα | Sodoma < ^hebrew Sedom / S’dom, a biblical town [known, with neighboring Gomorrah, for the unnatural sexual relations of their men].

sofa < ^turkish sofa < ^arabic suffah (= bench, couch).

soffit < ^italian soffita, female of soffitto (= ceiling) < soffito (= fixed beneath) < ^{vulgar latin} *suffictus (= fastened below) < ^latin suffixus, past participle of suffigo [inf. suffigere] (= fix on, fasten below) < sub (= under) + figo [inf. figere] (= to fasten, fix).

soft < ^{old english} softe < sefte (= gentle, easeful, comfortable) < ^{west germanic} *samfti < ^{proto-germanic} *samftijaz (= level, smooth, gentle).

soil (= land) < ^{middle english} soil < ^anglo-french soil (= piece of ground, place) < a merger of 1. ^{old french} sol (= bottom, ground) (< ^latin solum (= soil, ground) + 2. ^{old french} soil(le) (= a miry place) [see soil (= pollute)].

soil (= pollute) < ^{middle english} soil < ^{old french} soillier (= splatter with mud, make dirty) < souil (= tub, pigsty) < 1. ^latin solium (= tub for bathing, seat) or 2. ^latin suculus (= little pig) < sus (= pig).

soiree < ^french soirée < soir (= evening) < ^{old french} soir (= evening, night) < ^latin sero (= late) < serum, neuter of serus (= late).

sojourn < ^{middle english} sojourn < ^{old french} sojorner (= stay or dwell for a time) < ^{vulgar latin} *subdiurno [inf. subdiurnare] (= spend the day) < ^latin sub (= under, until) + diurno [inf. diurnare] (= to last long) (< diurnus (= of a day) < diurnum (= day)).

solace < ^{middle english} solace < ^{old french} solaz (= pleasure, entertainment) < ^latin solacium (= a soothing, comfort) < solatus, past participle of solor [inf. solari] (= to console, soothe).

solar < ^{middle english} solar < ^latin solaris (= of the sun) < sol (= sun) < *sawel- (= sun).

solarium < ^latin solarium (= sundial, flat housetop) < sol (= sun) < *sawel- (= sun).

solder < ^{middle english} soudur < ^{old french} soldure / soudeure < souder < solder (= consolidate) < ^latin solido [inf. solidare] (= make solid) < solidus (= firm, undivided, whole).

soldier < ^{middle english} soldier < souder < ^{old french} soldier / soudier (= a mercenary) < ^{medieval latin} soldarius (= a mercenary, soldier) < ^{late latin} soldus < [nummus] solidus (= solid [coin]), a gold coin < solidus (= firm, undivided, whole).

sole (= alone) < ^{middle english} sole < ^{old french} soul (= only, alone, just) < ^latin solus (= only, alone, single).

sole (= bottom of the foot) < ^{middle english} sole < ^{old french} sole < ^{vulgar latin} *sola < ^latin solea (= sandal, bottom of a shoe) < solum (= bottom, ground).

solecism < ^{middle french} solécisme < ^latin soloecismus (= mistake in speaking or writing) < ^{ancient greek} σολοικισμός | soloekismos (= a speaking incorrectly) < σόλοικος | soloekos (= a person speaking incorrectly) < σολοικίζω | soloekizō (= speak like the people of Soloi) < Σόλοι | Soloe (= Soloi), a Greek colony in Asia Minor [whose people was speaking incorrectly].

solemn < ^{middle english} solemn < ^{old french} solempne < ^latin sollemnis (= annual, religiously fixed, ceremonial) < (?) related to sollus (= whole).

solfege < solfeggio < ^italian solfeggio < sol-fa, the musical notes.

solicit < ^{middle english} solicit < ^{middle french} soliciter < ^latin sollicito [inf. sollicitare] (= to disturb, trouble, provoke) < sollicitus (= agitated) < sollus (= whole, entire).

solid < ^{middle english} solid < ^{old french} solide (= firm, compact) < ^latin solidus (= firm, undivided, whole).

solidarity < ^french solidarité < solidaire (= interdependent, complete) < solide (= firm, compact) < ^latin solidus (= firm, undivided, whole).

solidus < ^{middle english} solidus < ^{late latin} [nummus] solidus (= solid [coin]), a gold coin < ^latin solidus (= firm, undivided, whole).

soliloquy < ^{late latin} soliloquium (= a talking to oneself) < ^latin solus (= alone) + loquor [inf. loqui] (= to speak).

solipsism < ^latin solus (= alone) + ipse (= self).

solitaire < ^{middle english} solitaire (= widow) < ^french solitaire < ^latin solitarius (= alone, lonely) < solus (= only, alone, single).

solitude < ^{middle english} solitude < ^{old french} solitude (= loneliness) < ^latin solitudo (= loneliness) < solus (= only, alone, single).

solo < ^italian solo (= alone) < ^latin solus (= only, alone, single).

Solomon < ^{ancient greek} Σολομών | Solomōn < ^hebrew Sh'lomoh < shelomo (= peaceful) < shalom (= peace).

soluble < ^{middle english} soluble < ^{old french} soluble < ^{late latin} solubilis (= that may be dissolved) < solvo [inf. solvere] (= to loosen, dissolve).

solution < ^{middle english} solution < ^{old french} solucion / ^latin solutio (= a loosening) < solvo [inf. solvere] (= to loosen, dissolve).

solve < ^{middle english} solve < ^latin solvo [inf. solvere] (= to loosen, dissolve).

somatic < ^french somatique < ^{ancient greek} σωματικός | sōmatikos (= of the body) < σώμα | sōma [gen. σώματος | sōmatos] (= the body).

somber < sombrous < ^french sombre (= dark, gloomy) < ^{old french} sombre < ^{late latin} subumbro [inf. subumbrare] (= to shadow) < sub (= under) + umbra (= shadow).

sombrero < ^spanish sombrero < sombra(= shade) < ^{late latin} subumbro [inf. subumbrare] (= to shadow) < sub (= under) + umbra (= shadow).

some < ^{old english} sum (= some, certain one, something) < ^{proto-germanic} *sumaz < ^I.E. *smm-o- < *sem-₍₁₎ (= one, as one, together with).

sommelier < ^french sommelier (= a butler) < somme (= pack) < ^{vulgar latin} *salma < sagma (= pack-saddle, a pack on the saddle) < ^{ancient greek} σάγμα | sagma (= pack-sandle) < σάττω | sattō (= fill up, supply).

somnambulism < ^french somnambulisme < ^{modern latin} somnambulus (= sleepwalker) < ^latin somnus (= sleep) + ambulo [inf. ambulare] (= to walk).

somniferous < ^latin somnifer (= giving sleep) < somnus (= sleep) + fero [inf. ferre] (= to bear, carry).

somnolent < ^{middle english} sompnolent < ^{old french} sompnolent / ^latin somnolentus (= sleepy) < somnus (= sleep) < ^I.E. *swep- (= to sleep).

son < ^{old english} sunu (= son, descendant) < ^{proto-germanic} *sunus {> ^{old norse} sonr, ^swedish son, ^danish søn, ^dutch zoon, ^gothic sunus, ^german Sohn} < ^I.E. *su(e)-nu- (= son) {> ^{ancient greek} ‘υιός | ^hyios, ^armenian ustr, ^lithuanian sūnus, ^{old church slavonic} synu, ^russian syn, ^polish syn, ^avestan hunush, ^sanskrit sunus} < *seue-₍₁₎ (= give birth).

sonant < ^latin sonans [gen. sonantis], present participle of sono [inf. sonare] (= to sound) < ^I.E. *swene- < *swen- (= to sound).

sonar < [1946] sound navigation ranging [on model of radar].

sonata < ^italian sonata < sonata, female past participle of sonare (= to sound) < ^latin sono [inf. sonare] (= to sound) < ^I.E. *swene- < *swen- (= to sound).

song < ^{old english} sang (= voice, song) < ^{proto-germanic} *songwho- {> ^{old norse} söngr, ^norwegian song, ^swedish sång, ^danish sang, ^dutch zang, ^german sang} < ^I.E. *songwh-o- (= singing, song) < *sengwh- (= to sing).

sonic < ^latin sonus (= sound) < ^I.E. *swen- (= to sound).

sonnet < ^{middle french} sonnet / ^italian sonetto (= little song) < ^{old provençal} sonet (= song), a diminutive of son (= song, sound) < ^latin sonus (= sound) < ^I.E. *swen- (= to sound).

sonorous < ^latin sonorus (= resounding) < sonor (= sound, noise) < sono [inf. sonare] (= to sound) < ^I.E. *swene- < *swen- (= to sound).

soon < ^{old english} sona (= at once, immediately, directly) < ^{proto-germanic} *sæno.

soot < ^{old english} sot (= soot) < ^{proto-germanic} *sotam (= soot).

sooth < ^{old english} soð (= truth, justice) < soð (= true, real righteous) < ^{proto-germanic} *santhaz.

Sophie < ^french Sophie < ^{ancient greek} σοφία | sophia (= skill, knowledge, wisdom) < σοφός | sophos (= learned, clever, wise).

sophist < ^{middle english} sophist < sophister < ^latin sophista / sophistes < ^{ancient greek} σοφιστής | sophistēs (= a wise man) < σοφίζομαι | sophizomae (= become wise) < σοφός | sophos (= learned, clever, wise).

sophomore < sophumer < sophume (= sophism) [(?) by influence of folk etymology from ^{ancient greek} σοφός | sophos (= wise) + μωρός | mōros (= foolish)].

sopor < ^latin sopor (= deep sleep, lethargy).

soprano < ^italian soprano (= the treble in music) < sopra (= above) < ^latin supra, female of super (= above, over).

sorb < ^french sorbe < ^latin sorbum (= service-berry) < sorbus.

sorcery < ^{middle english} sorcery < ^{old french} sorcerie < sorcier (= sorcerer, wizard) < ^{medieval latin} sortiarius (= teller of fortunes, sorcerer) < ^latin sors [gen. sortis] (= lot, fate, fortune).

sordid < ^{middle english} sordid < ^latin sordidus (= dirty, filthy) < sordeo [inf. sordere] (= be dirty).

sore < ^{old english} sar (= painful, aching, sad) < ^{proto-germanic} *saira- (= suffering, sick).

sorority < ^{medieval latin} sororitas (= sisterhood, of sisters) < ^latin soror (= sister).

sorrel < ^{middle english} sorrel < ^{old french} sorel < sor (= yellowish-brown) < (?) ^frankish *saur (= dry) < ^{proto-germanic} *sauza-.

sorrow < ^{old english} sorg (= grief, regret, pain) < ^{proto-germanic} *sorg-.

sorry < ^{old english} sarig (= distressed, grieved, full of sorrow) < ^{proto-germanic} *sairiga- (= painful) < *sairaz (= pain).

sort < ^{middle english} sort < ^{old french} sorte (= class, kind) < ^latin sors [gen. sortis] (= lot, fate, share, class, category).

sortie < ^french sortie < sortie, female past participle of sortir (= go out) < ^{vulgar latin} *surctio [inf. surctire] (= go out) < ^latin surrectus, past participle of surgo [inf. surgere] (= rise up) < sub (= under) + rego (= keep straight, guide).

S.O.S. < [1910] 1. an acronym of save our soul / save our ship or 2. not an acronym, but three Morse code letters, (… --- …), chosen as being easy to transmit and difficult to mistake.

soubrette < ^french soubrette < ^provençal soubreto (= affected) female of soubret (= reserved) < soubra (= to set aside) < ^{old provençal} sobrar < ^latin supero [inf. superare] (= to rise above, overcome) < super (= over, above).

souffle < ^french soufflé, past participle of souffler (= to puff up) < ^latin sufflo [inf. sufflare] < sub (= under) + fleo [inf. flare] (= to blow).

sough < ^{old english} swogan (= to sound, roar, howl) < ^{proto-germanic} *swoganan.

soul < ^{old english} sawol (= animate existence, living being) < 1. ^{proto-germanic} *saiwalo {> ^{old norse} sala, ^dutch ziel, ^gothic saiwala, ^german Seele} or 2. < ^{proto-germanic} *saiwaz (= sea) [as the stopping place of the soul].

sound (= noise) < ^{middle english} soun < ^{old french} son (= sound, voice) < ^latin sonus (= sound, noise) < ^I.E. *swon-o- < *swen- (= to sound).

sound (= narrow channel of water) < ^{middle english} sound < ^{old norse} sund (= swimming) / ^{old english} sund (= swimming) < ^{proto-germanic} *sundam-.

sound (= free from injury) < ^{middle english} sound < ^{old english} gesund (= sound, safe) < ^{proto-germanic} *sunda- < ^germanic *swen-to- (= healthy, strong).

soup < ^french soupe < ^{late latin} suppa (= bread soaked in broth) < ^{proto-germanic} *sup-.

sour < ^{old english} sur < ^{proto-germanic} *sura- (= sour).

source < ^{middle english} source < ^{old french} sourse (= a rising, beginning), female past participle of sourdre (= to rise, spring up) < ^latin surgo [inf. surgere] (= rise up) < sub (= under) + rego (= keep straight, guide).

souse < ^{middle english} souse < ^{old french} sous (= preserved in salt and vinegar) < ^frankish *sultja < ^{proto-germanic} *salt- < ^I.E. *sal- (= salt).

soutane < ^french soutane < ^{old french} sotane (= undershirt) < ^{medieval latin} subtana (= under-cassock) < ^latin subtus (= beneath, under).

souter < ^{old english} sutere < ^latin sutor (= shoemaker) < suo [inf. suere] (= to sew, stitch).

south < ^{old english} suð (= to the south, southern) < ^{proto-germanic} *sunthaz {> ^{middle dutch} suut, ^dutch zuid, ^german Süden}, related to *sunnon (= sun).

souvenir < ^french souvenir < ^{old french} souvenir (= remember) < ^latin subvenio [inf. subvenire] (= come to mind) < sub (= under) + venio [inf. venire] (= come).

souvlaki < ^{modern greek} σουβλάκι | soubhlaki (= skewered meat) < ^{medieval greek} σούβλα | soubhla (= awl, skewer) < ^latin subula (= awl, skewer) < suo [inf. suere] (= to sew, stitch).

sovereign < ^{middle english} sovereign < ^{old french} soverain (= highest, supreme, chief) < ^{vulgar latin} *superanus (= chief, principal) < ^latin super (= over).

soviet < ^russian sovet (= governing council) [1917] < ^{old russian} suvetu (= assembly) < su (= with) + vetu (= counsel).

sow < ^{old english} su(gu) (= female of swine) < ^{proto-germanic} *su- < ^I.E. *su- (= swine).

sow < ^{old english} sawan (= disseminate) < ^{proto-germanic} *sean.

soy < saio < ^dutch soya < ^japanese soyu < shoyu (= soy) < ^chinese shi-yu < shi (= fermented soy beans) + yu (= oil). 

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