D
<
ancient greek
Δ,
δέλτα | dhelta
<
phoenician
daleth
< deleth
(= tent door) [because its shape, Δ, is like this door].
dab
< middle english
dabben
(= to strike) < (?) imitative
origin.
dactylography
< ancient greek
δάκτυλος | dhaktylos
(= finger) + γράφω |
ghraphō
(= write, draw).
daddy
< middle english
daddy,
a diminutive of dad
(= father,
papa) [child’s speech].
dagger
<
middle english
dagger
< related to old
french dague
(= dagger) <
old
provençal
/ italian
daga
< (?) vulgar
latin
*daca
(= knife of Daci) <
Daci
< ancient greek
Δακοί | Dhakoe,
an ancient nation [who lived in the land of modern Romania].
dairy
< middle english
daerie
< daie
< old
english
dæge
(= female servant, housekeeper) < proto-germanic
*daigjon
(= maid).
daisy
< middle english
daiseie
< old
english dægesege
< dæges
eage (= day’s eye) <
proto-germanic *dages-
(= day) + *augon (=
eye) [so called because its petals open at dawn and close at dusk].
Dalai
Lama <
mongolian
dalai
(= ocean, “big”) [in contrast to the Panchen
Lama (< tibetan
pandi-tachen-po (= great learned one)] + lama
(< tibetan
blama
(= chief, high priedt).
dale
< old
english
dæl
(= valley, gorge) <
proto-germanic
*dalaz
(= valley).
damage
< middle english damage
< old
french
damage
/ domage
< dam
(= damage) <
latin
damnum
(= loss, hurt, damage).
dame
< middle english dame
< old
french
dame
(= lady, mistress, wife) <
late latin
domna
< latin
domina
(= lady, mistress of the house) <
latin
domus
(= house).
damn
< middle
english
dam(p)nen
< old
french
damner
(= damn, condemn, blame) < latin
damno
[inf. damnare]
(= to doom, condemn, blame) <
damnum
(= loss, hurt, damage) <
proto-italic
*dapno-.
dance
< middle english dauncen
< old
french
dancier
< (?) frankish
*dintjan.
danger
< middle english daunger
<
anglo-french
daunger
/ old
french dangier
(= power, mastery, control) < dongier
< vulgar
latin
*dominarium
(= power of a lord) <
latin
dominus
(= lord, master) <
domus
(= house).
Daniel
< ancient greek Δανιήλ
| Daniēl
< hebrew Daniyél
(= my judge is God).
Danish
<
middle english Danish
< old
english
Denisc
(= people of Denmark) <
danish
Daner
/ medieval
latin Dani
< (?) proto-germanic
*den-
(= low ground).
Danny
< Daniel
< ancient greek Δανιήλ
| Daniēl
< hebrew Daniyél
(= my judge is God).
Danube
< late
latin Danubius
< latin
Danuvius
< celtic
*danu(w)-yo-
< I.E.
*danu-
(= river).
Daphne
<
ancient greek
Δάφνη | Dhaphnē
< δάφνη | dhaphnē
(= laurel, bay tree).
dare
< middle
english
durren
< old
english
durran
(= have courage, venture) <
proto-germanic
*ders-
(= bold).
dark
< middle
english
derk
< old
english
deorc
(= without light, obscure) <
proto-germanic
*derkaz.
darling
< middle
english
dereling
< old
english
deorling
/ dyrling
(= much beloved, favorite), a diminutive of deor
(= dear) < proto-germanic
*deurja-.
dash
< middle
english dash
(= strike
suddenly, move quickly) < (?) scandinavian
source.
data
< latin
data,
plural of datum,
neuter past participle of do
[inf. dare]
(= give).
date
< middle
english date
< old
french date
(= date,
day) <
latin
data,
neuter plural past participle of do
[inf. dare]
(= give).
dative
< latin
dativus
(= pertaining to giving) <
datus,
past participle of do
[inf. dare]
(= give).
daughter
< middle
english
doughter
< old
english
dohtor
< proto-germanic *dokhter
< *dhutēr
{> old
norse
dóttir, dutch
dochter, gothic dauhtar,
german
Tochter} <
I.E.
*dhugheter
{> ancient greek
θυγάτηρ | thyghatēr,
sanskrit duhitar-}.
dauphin
< middle
english
dauphin
< old
french
dauphin
(= dolphin)
<
medieval
latin
dolfinus
< latin
delphinus
<
ancient greek
δελφίς | dhelphis
[gen. δελφίνος | dhelphinos]
(= dolphin).
David
< ancient greek Δαυίδ
| Dhavidh
< hebrew
Dawidh
(= darling,
beloved friend).
dawn
< middle
english
dauen
< dauing(e)
(= between darkness and sunrise) <
old
english
dagung
< dagian
(= to become day) <
proto-germanic
*dagaz
(= day) <
I.E. *agh-
(= day).
day
< old
english
dæg
<
proto-germanic *dages-
(= day) {> old
norse dagr,
dutch dag,
gothic
dags, german
Tag} <
1. I.E.
*agh-
(= day) or 2. I.E.
*dhegh-
(= to burn).
daze
< middle
english
dasen
(= be
stunned) < (?) 1. old
norse
*dasa
(= become weary) or 2. middle
dutch
dasen
(= act silly).
D.C.
< Direct
Current.
deacon
< middle
english
deken
< old
english
deacon
/ diacon
< late
latin
diaconus
< ancient
greek διάκονος
| dhiakonos
(= servant, servant of the church).
dead
< middle
english
ded
< old
english
dead
<
proto-germanic *daudaz
(= died) < *dau-
< (?) I.E.
*dheu-(3)
(= to
die).
deaf
< old
english
deaf
<
proto-germanic
*daubaz
< I.E.
dheubh-.
deal
< middle
english
delen
< old
english
dælan
(= to divide, to share) <
proto-germanic
*dailjanan.
dear
< old
english
deore
(= precious,
valuable, beloved) < proto-germanic
*deurja-.
death
< old
english
dea
<
proto-germanic *dauthuz
{> old
norse
daui, dutch
dood, gothic
dauus, german
Tod} <
*dau-
< (?) I.E.
*dheu-(3)
(= to
die).
debate
< middle
english
debate
(= to
quarrel, to combat, discuss) <
old french
debatre
(= to
fight) <
de-
(< latin de
(= off, down from) + batre
(= to beat) (<
latin
battuο
[inf. battuere]
(= beat)).
Deborah
< hebrew
Deborah
(= bee).
debris
<
french
débris
(= remains, rubbish) <
debriser
(= break down) <
old french
de-
(< latin de
(= off, down from) + briser
(= to break) (<
late latin
briso
[inf. brisare]
(= to break)).
debt
< middle
english
dette
< old
french
dete
< latin
debitum,
neuter past participle of debeo
[inf. debere]
(= to owe) <
de
(= off, down from) + habeo
[inf. habere]
(= hold, have).
debut
<
french
début
(= first appearance) < débuter
(= make the first stroke at billiards) <
old french
de-
(< latin
de
(= off, down from)) + but
(= mark, goal) (<
old french
but
(= end)).
decade
< middle
english
decade <
old french
décade
< late
latin
decas
[gen. decadis]
< ancient
greek δεκάς
| dhekas
[gen. δεκάδος | dhekadhos)
(= group
of ten) <
δέκα | dheka
(= ten) < I.E.
*dekm-
(= 10) {> latin decem}.
decadence
< middle
french
décadence
<
medieval
latin
decadentia
(= decay) < vulgar
latin
decadens [gen. decadentis],
present participle of *decado
[inf. decadere]
(= to decay) <
latin de
(= off, down from) + cado
[inf. cadere]
(= to fall).
decay
< middle
english decay
<
anglo-french
decair
/ old
french
decair
(= to
fall, weaken, decline) <
vulgar
latin
*decado
[inf. decadere]
(= to fall off) <
latin de
(= off, down from) + cado
[inf. cadere]
(= to fall).
decease
<
middle
english decease
< old
french
deces
(= decease,
death) <
latin
decessus
(= retirement, death) <
decedo
[inf. decedere]
(= go down, die, depart) < de
(= off, down from) + cedo
[inf. cedere]
(= go).
deceive
<
middle
english deceive
<
old french
decevoir
(= to deceive) <
latin decipio
[inf. decipere]
(= take in, cheat) <
de
(= off, down from) + capio
[inf. capere]
(= take, hold).
December
< old
english December
< old
french Decembre
< latin
December
[mensis]
(= tenth [month]) [of the old Roman calendar, which began with March]
< decem
(= ten) + [suffix] -ber
(< -bris).
decent
< middle
french
décent
< latin
decens
[gen. decentis],
present participle of deceo
[inf. decere]
(= be fitting, be suitable).
decibel
<
deci-bel
< deci-
(< latin
decimus
(= tenth) <
decem
(= ten)) + bel
(< [Alexander]
Bell,
American inventor).
decide
< middle
english decide
< old
french
decider
< latin
decido
[inf. decidere]
(= cut off, decide) <
de
(= off, down from) + caedo
[inf. caedere]
(= to cut).
decimal
< medieval
latin
decimalis
< latin
decimus
(= tenth) <
decem
(= ten) < I.E.
*dekm-
(= 10) {> ancient greek
δέκα | dheka}.
deck
< middle
english dekke
(= covering
over a part of a ship) <
middle
dutch
dec(ke)
(= roof, covering) <
proto-germanic
*thakam
(= to cover).
declaim
< middle
english declaim
< old
french
declamer
< latin
declamo [inf.
declamare]
(= to bluster) <
de
(= off, down from) + clamo
[inf. clamare]
(= to cry, shout).
declare
< middle
english declaren
< old
french
declarer
(= explain) < latin
declaro [inf.
declarare]
(= make clear, announce) <
de
(= off, down from) + claro
[inf. clarare]
(= clarify) (<
clarus
(= clear)).
decline
< middle
english decline
<
old french
decliner
(= to sink, degenerate) <
latin
declino
[inf. declinare]
(= to lower, bend from) <
de
(= off, down from) + clino
[inf. clinare]
(= to bend).
decor
< french
décor
< décorer
(= decorate) <
latin
decoro
[inf. decorare]
(= decorate, beautify) <
decus
[gen. decoris]
(= ornament).
decrease
< middle
english decresen
<
anglo-french
decreistre
/ old
french
descroistre
< latin
decresco
[inf. decrescere]
(= diminish) <
de
(= off, down from) + cresco
[inf. crescere]
(= grow).
decree
<
middle
english decree
< old
french
decre
< decret
< latin
decretus,
past participle of decerno
[inf. decernere]
(= decree, decide) <
de
(= off, down from) + cerno
[inf. cernere]
(= separate).
dedicate
< middle
english dedicate
<
latin
dedicatus,
past participle of dedico
[inf. dedicare]
(= consecrate, proclaim) <
de
(= off, down from) + dico
[inf. dicare]
(= proclaim).
deduce
< middle
english deducen
< latin
deduco
[inf. deducere]
(= lead down, derive) <
de
(= off, down from) + duco
[inf. ducere]
(= to lead).
deed
< old
english
dæd
(= act, event) <
proto-germanic
*dethi-
< I.E.
*dheti-
(= law, deed) < *dhe-
(= to set, put).
dee-jay
< [1955] an abbreviation of disk-jockey
[1941] (> d.j.
[1961]).
deem
< old
english
deman
(= to judge, think) <
proto-germanic
*domjanan
(= to judge).
deep
< old
english
deop
<
proto-germanic
*deupaz
(= deep) <
I.E.
*dheub-
(= deep).
deer
< old
english
deor
(= wild animal) <
proto-germanic *deuzam
(= animal).
default
< middle
english default
<
old french
defaute
(= fault,
failure) <
vulgar
latin
*defallita
(= deficiency), female past participle of *defallo
[inf. defallere]
< latin
de
(= off, down from) + fallo
[inf. fallere]
(= deceive, put wrong).
defeat
< middle
english defeten
/ diffaiten
(= overcome
[with sorrow or anger]) <
anglo-french
defeter
< old
french
desfait,
past participle of desfaire
(= undo) <
vulgar
latin
*diffacio
[inf. diffacere]
(= undo) <
latin dis-
(= un-, apart) + facio
[inf. facere]
(= do, make).
defecate
< latin
defaecatus,
past participle of defaeco
[inf. defaecare]
(= purify) <
de faece
(= from dregs) < de
(= off, down from) + faex
[gen. faecis]
(= dregs of wine).
defect
< latin
defectus,
past participle of deficio
[inf. deficere]
(= to fail) <
de
(= off, down from) + facio
[inf. facere]
(= do, make).
defend
< middle
english
defenden <
old french
defendre
(= defend,
resist) < latin
defendo
[inf. defendere]
(= protect, guard) <
de
(= off, down from) + -fendo
[inf. -fendere]
(= to strike, push).
defer
(= delay, put off) < middle
english
differren / deferren
< old
french
diferer
< latin
differo
[inf. differre]
(= carry apart, differ) <
dis-
(= un-, apart) + fero
[inf. ferre]
(= to bear, carry).
defer
(= yield,
offer) < middle
english defer
<
old french
deferer
(= yield, comply) <
latin
defero
[inf. deferre]
(= carry away, transfer, grant) <
de
(= off, down from) + fero
[inf. ferre]
(= to bear, carry).
deficit
<
french
déficit
< latin
deficit
(= it is wanting), third person of present tense of deficio
[inf. deficere]
(= to fail) <
de
(= off, down from) + facio
[inf. facere]
(= do, make).
defile
< middle
english
defoulen
< old
french defouler
(= trample down) <
de
(< latin
de
(= off, down from)) + foler
(= to tread) (<
latin
fullo
(= a cleaner of cloths by stamping)).
defile
<
french
défilé,
past participle of défiler
(= march by files) <
de
(< latin
de
(= off, down from)) + file
(= row) (<
latin
filum
(= thread)).
define
< middle
english
deffinen / diffinen
(= specify) <
old french
defenir
/ definir
(= to finish, conclude), < medieval
latin
diffinio
[inf. diffinire]
/ definio
[inf. definire]
< latin
definio
[inf. definire]
(= to limit, determine) <
de
(= off, down from) + finio
[inf. finire]
(= to limit) (<
finis
(= boundary, end)).
definite
< middle
english
definite <
latin
definitus
(= defined), past participle of definio
[inf. definire]
(= to limit, determine) <
de
(= off, down from) + finio
[inf. finire]
(= to limit) (<
finis
(= boundary, end)).
degrade
< middle
english
degraden <
old french
degrader
(= degrade,
deprive) <
de
(= off, down from) + latin
gradior
[inf. gradi]
(= to walk, step) (< gradus
(= a step)).
degree
< middle
english
degree <
old french
degré
(= a step,
degree, status) < vulgar
latin
*degradus
(= a step) <
latin de
(= off, down from) + gradus
(= a step).
deicide
< latin
deus
(= god) + -cida
(= slayer) (<
caedo
[inf. caedere]
(= cut down, kill)).
deify
< middle
english
deifien <
old french
deifier
< late
latin
deifico
[inf. deificare]
(= make godlike) <
deificus
(= making godlike) <
latin deus
(= god) + facio
[inf. facere]
(= do, make).
deism
<
french
déisme
< latin
deus
(= god) <
I.E.
*dyeu-
(= to shine).
déjà
entendu <
french
déjà entendu
(= already heard).
déjà
lu <
french
déjà
lu (=
already read).
deja
vu <
french
déjà vu
(= already
seen).
delay
< middle
english
delaien <
old french
delaier
< de
(< latin
de
(= off, down from)) + laier
(= leave, let) < (?) 1. old
french
laissier
< latin
laxo
[inf. laxare]
(= slacken) < laxus (=
lack) or 2. frankish
*laibjan
< proto-germanic
origin.
delegate
< middle
english
deligate <
old french
delegat
< latin
delegatus,
past participle of delego
[inf. delegare]
(= to send as a representative) <
de
(= off, down from) + lego
[inf. legare]
(= send with a commission) < (?) lex [gen. legis]
(= law).
delete
< latin
deletus,
past participle of deleo
[inf. delere]
(= destroy) <
delevi,
perfective tense of delino
[inf. delinere]
(= to daub, erase by smudging) <
de
(= off, down from) + lino
[inf. linere]
(= to smear).
Delhi
< (?) hindi
delhi
(= threshold) [as the boundary between the rivers Ganges and Indus].
deliberate
< latin
deliberatus,
past participle of delibero
[inf. deliberare]
(= consider carefully, consult) <
de
(= off, down from) + libro
[inf. librare]
(= to balance) (<
libra
(= a balance)) [(?) by influence of libero
[inf. liberare]
(= liberate)].
delicate
< middle
english
delicate <
latin
delicatus
(= delightful) < deliciae
[plural of delicia]
(= pleasure, luxury) < delicio
[inf. delicere]
(= to allure) <
de
(= off, down from) + lacio
[inf. lacere]
(= to entice).
delicious
< middle
english
delicious <
old french
delicios
< late
latin
deliciosus
(= delicate) <
latin
deliciae
[plural of delicia]
(= pleasure, luxury) < delicio
[inf. delicere]
(= to allure) <
de
(= off, down from) + lacio
[inf. lacere]
(= to entice).
delight
< middle
english
delit <
old french
delit
(= pleasure, delight) <
delitier
(= charm) <
latin
delecto
[inf. delectare]
(= to allure, charm) < delicio
[inf. delicere]
(= to allure) <
de
(= off, down from) + lacio
[inf. lacere]
(= to entice).
Delilah
<
hebrew Delilah
(= delicate,
amorous) <
semitic
d-l-l
(= to hang down, to languish).
delirium
< latin
delirium
(= madness) <
delirio
[inf. deliriare]
(= be crazy, rave) <
de lire
(= out of the furrow) <
de
(= off, down from) + lira
(= furrow, ditch).
deliver
< middle
english
deliveren (=
save, liberate)
< old
french
delivrer
(= set free, save) <
late latin
delibero
[inf. deliberare]
(= set free) <
de
(= off, down from) + latin
libero
[inf. liberare]
(= to free) (<
liber
(= free)).
dell
< old
english
dell
(= hollow, dale) <
proto-germanic
*daljo.
delta
< ancient greek
Δ, δέλτα
| dhelta <
phoenician
daleth
< deleth
(= tent door) [because its shape is like this door].
deluxe
< de
luxe <
french de
luxe (=
of luxury)
< latin
de
(= off, down from) + luxus
(= excess, abundance).
demand
< middle
english
demaunden <
old french
demander
(= to
request) <
latin
demando
[inf. demandare]
(= entrust) <
de
(= off, down from) + mando
[inf. mandare]
(= to order).
demigod
< old french
demi
(= half) (< late latin dimedius
< latin
dimidius
(= half, mixted) < dis
(= between) + medius
(= middle)) + god (<
old english god
< proto-germanic *guthan).
demijohn
< 1.
french
damejeanne
< dame
Jeanne (=
Lady Jane) [(?) because the shape of
this bottle suggested a stout woman] or 2. italic
damigiana <
(?) provençal demeg
(= half) < late
latin dimedius
< latin
dimidius
(= half, mixted) < dis
(= between) + medius
(= middle) or 3. arabic damaghan
<
persian Damagan,
a region in Persia.
democracy
<
middle
french
démocratie
<
medieval
latin
democratia
< ancient
greek δημοκρατία
| dhēmokratia
(= popular government) <
δήμος
| dhēmos
(= people) + κράτος
| kratos
(= strength, rule).
demolish
< middle
french
démolir
(= to destroy) <
latin
demolior
[inf. demoliri]
(= tear down) <
de
(= off, down from) + molior
[inf. moliri]
(= build, construct) (<
moles
[gen. molis]
(= massive
structure)).
demon
< middle
english
demon <
latin
daemon
(= spirit) <
ancient greek
δαίμων
| dhaemōn
(= deity, lesser god, guiding spirit, fortune).
demonstrate
< latin
demonstratus,
past participle of demonstro
[inf. demonstrare]
(= to point out, indicate) <
de
(= off, down from) + monstro
[inf. monstrare]
(= to show) (<
monstrum
(= divine omen, wonder)).
Denmark
< middle
english
Denemarke <
old
english
Dene-mearce
< Dane
(< danish
Daner
< (?) proto-germanic *den-
(= low ground)) + mark
(= border).
Dennis
<
french
Denis
< latin
Dionysius
<
ancient greek Διονύσιος
| Dhionysios,
a saint <
Διόνυσος
| Dhionysos,
the god of wine.
dense
< middle
english
dense <
latin
densus
(= thick, crowded).
dental
< middle
english
dental <
middle
french
dental
/ medieval
latin
dentalis
(= of teeth) <
latin dens
[gen. dentis]
(= tooth)
< I.E.
*dent-
(= tooth).
dentist
<
french
dentiste
< dent
(= tooth) <
latin dens
[gen. dentis]
(= tooth)
< I.E.
*dent-
(= tooth).
denunciation
< middle
english
denunciacioun <
latin
denuntiatio
< denuntio
[inf. denuntiare]
(= announce) <
de
(= off, down from) + nuntio
[inf. nuntiare]
(= proclaim) (<
nuntius
(= messenger)).
deny
< middle
english
deny <
old french
denoiir
(= deny) <
latin
denego
[inf. denegare]
(= refuse) <
de
(= off, down from) + nego
[inf. negare]
(= refuse).
deodorant
< latin
de
(= off, down from) + odor
(= smell).
depart
< middle
english
departen <
old french
departir
(= to
divide) <
late latin
departio
[inf. departire]
(= to divide) < de
(= off, down from) + partio
[inf. partire]
(= to divide) (<
pars
[gen. partis]
(= a part,
piece)).
department
< middle
english
department <
old french
departement
(= division) <
late latin
departio
[inf. departire]
(= to divide) < de
(= off, down from) + partio
[inf. partire]
(= to divide) (<
pars
[gen. partis]
(= a part,
piece)).
depend
< middle
english
depend < old
french
dependre
(= hang down) < latin dependo
[inf. dependere]
(= to hang from) <
de
(= off, down from) + pendo
[inf. pendere]
(= to hang, weigh).
deposit
< latin
depositum
(= deposit) < depositum,
neuter past participle of depono
[inf. deponere]
(= put down) <
de
(= off, down from) + pono
[inf. ponere]
(= to put, place).
depot
< french
dépôt
(= deposit) <
old french
depost
(= deposit) <
latin
depositum
(= deposit) < depositum,
neuter past participle of depono
[inf. deponere]
(= put down) <
de
(= off, down from) + pono
[inf. ponere]
(= to put, place).
depress
< middle
english
depress <
old french
depresser
(= press down) <
late latin
depresso
[inf. depressare]
< latin
deprimo
[inf. deprimere]
(= press down) <
de
(= off, down from) + premo
[inf. premere]
(= to press).
depth
< middle
english
depth < dēp
(= deep) + -th.
depute
< middle
english
deputen <
old french
deputer
< late
latin
deputo
[inf. deputare]
(= cut off, consider, destine) <
de
(= off, down from) + puto
[inf. putare]
(= cut, think, consider).
derby
< Derby,
a town in England [with annual horse race] < old
english
Deorby
(= deer village) <
deor
(= deer) + by
(= habitation).
derive
< middle
english
derive <
old french
deriver
(= to flow, derive) <
latin
derive
[inf. derivare]
(= to draw off) <
de rivo
(= off the river) < de
(= off, down from) + rivus
(= stream).
derogate
< middle
english derogate
< latin
derogatus,
past participle of derogo
[inf. derogare]
(= detract from) <
de
(= off, down from) + rogo
[inf. rogare]
(= to ask).
descend
< middle
english
descenden <
old french
descendre
(= descend)
<latin
descendo
[inf. descendere]
(= come down) <
de
(= off, down from) + scando
[inf. scandere]
(= climb).
describe
< middle
english
descriven <
old french
descry(v)re
< latin
describo
[inf. describere]
(= write down, sketch) <
de
(= off, down from) + scribe
[inf. scribere]
(= to write).
desert
(= wasteland) < middle
english desert
< old
french
desert
(= desert,
wasteland) < late
latin
desertum
(= thing
abandoned) < desertum,
neuter past participle of latin
desero
[inf. deserere]
(= abandon, leave) <
de
(= off, down from) + sero
[inf. serere]
(= join together).
desert
(= abandon) < french
déserter
(= cause to leave) <
late latin
deserto
[inf. desertare]
< latin desero
[inf. deserere]
(= abandon, leave) <
de
(= off, down from) + sero
[inf. serere]
(= join together).
desert
(= fact of deserving) < middle
english
desert <
old french
deserte
(= merit) < deserte,
past participle of deservir
(= be worthy to have) < latin
deservo
[inf. deservire]
(= serve well) <
de
(= off, down from) + servo
[inf. servire]
(= to serve).
deserve
< middle
english
deserve <
old french
deservir
(= be worthy to have) < latin
deservo
[inf. deservire]
(= serve well) <
de
(= off, down from) + servo
[inf. servire]
(= to serve).
design
< middle
english
design <
latin
designo
[inf. designare]
(= mark out) <
de
(= off, down from) + signo
[inf. signare]
(= to mark) (<
signum
(= mark, sign)).
desire
<
middle
english
desiren <
old french
desirrer
(= wish)
< latin
desidero
[inf. desiderare]
(= wish for) <
de sidere
(= from the star) <
de
(= off, down from) + sidus
[gen. sideris]
(= star).
desk
< middle
english
desk <
medieval
latin
desca
(= table to write on) < latin
discus
(= dish) <
ancient greek
δίσκος
| dhiskos
(= disk).
desolate
< middle
english
desolate <
latin
desolatus,
past participle of desolo
[inf. desolare]
(= leave alone) <
de
(= off, down from) + solo
[inf. solare]
(= make lonely) (<
solus
(= alone)).
despair
<
middle
english
despeiren <
old french
desperer
(= lose hope) <
latin
despero
[inf. desperare]
(= to despair) <
de
(= off, down from) + spero
[inf. sperare]
(= to hope) (<
spes
(= hope)).
desperate
< middle
english
desperat <
latin
desperatus,
past participle of despero
[inf. desperare]
(= to despair) <
de
(= off, down from) + spero
[inf. sperare]
(= to hope) (<
spes
(= hope)).
despite
< middle
english
despit <
old french
despit
< latin
despectus,
past participle of despicio
[inf. despicere]
(= look down on, scorn) <
de
(= off, down from) + specio
[inf. specere]
/ spicio
[inf. spicere]
(= to look at, watch).
despot
<
medieval
latin
despota
< medieval
greek
δεσπότης
| dhespotēs
(= bishop) <
ancient greek
δεσπότης
| dhespotēs
(= lord, absolute ruler).
dessert
<
middle
french
dessert
(= last
course) <
desservir
(= clear the table) <
des-
(< latin
dis-
(= un-, apart)) + old
french
servir
(< latin servo
[inf. servire]
(= to serve)).
destination
< latin
destinatio
(= purpose,
design) <
destino
[inf. destinare]
(= determine) <
de
(= off, down from) + -stano
[inf. -stanare]
(= to stand).
destiny
< middle
english
destiny <
old french
destinée
(= purpose, fate) < destinée,
female past participle of destiner
< latin
destino
[inf. destinare]
(= determine) <
de
(= off, down from) + -stano
[inf. -stanare]
(= to stand).
destroy
< middle
english
destroien
< destruien
< old
french
destruire
(= destroy, ravage) <
vulgar
latin
*destrugo
[inf. destrugere]
< latin
destruo
[inf. destruere]
(= demolish) <
de
(= off, down from) + struo
[inf. struere]
(= to build).
destruction
< middle
english
destruccioun <
old french
destruction
< latin
destructio
(= pulling down) < destruo
[inf. destruere]
(= demolish) <
de
(= off, down from) + struo
[inf. struere]
(= to build).
detach
< french
détacher
(= untie) <
old french
destachier
< des-
(< latin
dis-
(= un-, apart)) + atachier
(= fasten) (< estachier
(= attach, fix) <
a-
(< latin ad
(= to)) + (?) frankish
*stak(k)on
(= a post)).
detail
< french
détail
< old
french
detail
(= small piece) <
detaillier
(= cut in pieces) <
de
(= off, down from) + taillier
(= to cut in pieces) (< late latin
talio
[inf. taliare]
(= to split) < latin
talea
(= rod, a cutting)).
detect
< middle
english
detect <
latin
detectus,
past participle of detego
[inf. detegere]
(= uncover, reveal) <
de
(= off, down from) + tego
[inf. tegere]
(= to cover).
determine
< middle
english
determinen <
old french
determiner
< latin
determino
[inf. determinare]
(= to enclose) <
de
(= off, down from) + termino
[inf. terminare]
(= mark the end) (<
terminus
(= end, limit)).
detonation
< french
détonation
< medieval
latin
detonatio
< latin
detono
[inf. detonare]
(= thunder down) <
de
(= off, down from) + tono
[inf. tonare]
(= to thunder).
Detroit
<
french
détroit
(= strait)
< old
french
destreit
< latin
districtus,
past participle of distringo
[inf. distringere]
(= draw apart) <
dis-
(= un-, apart)) + stringo
[inf. stringere]
(= draw tight).
deuce
< middle
english
dews <
old french
deus
< latin
duos,
plural of duo (=
two).
develop
< french
développer
< old
french
desveloper
(= unwrap, unveil) <
des-
(< latin
dis-
(= un-, apart)) + veloper
(= wrap up) < 1. celtic
origin or 2. germanic origin.
deviant
< middle
english
deviaunt <
late latin
devians [gen.
deviantis],
present participle of devio
[inf. deviare]
(= turn aside) <
latin de
via (=
off the road) <
de
(= off, down from) + via
(= way).
device
< middle
english
devis <
old french
devis
(= division, wish) <
deviser
(= arrange) <
vulgar
latin
*diviso
[inf. divisare]
< latin
divido
[inf. dividere]
(= to divide) < dis-
(= un-, apart) + -vido
[inf. -videre]
(= to separate).
devil
< old
english
deofol
< late
latin
diabolus
(= devil) <
ancient greek
διάβολος |
dhiabholos
(= accuser,
slanderer, devil) < διαβάλλω
| dhiabhallō
(= to slander) <
διά
| dhia (=
through) + βάλλω
| bhallō
(= to throw).
dexter
< latin
dexter
(= on the right hand) < I.E.
*deks-
(= right, south)).
Dexter
< 1) [as a proper name] < latin
dexter
(= on the right hand) < I.E.
*deks-
(= right, south)), 2) [as a surname] < middle
english
deister (=
a dyer) <
deie
(= dye) + [suffix] -ster.
diabetes
< latin
diabetes
< ancient
greek διαβήτης
| dhiabhētēs
(= siphon, discharge of urine) <
διαβαίνω |
dhiabhaenō
(= pass through) <
διά |
dhia (=
through) + βαίνω |
bhaenō (=
to walk).
diabolic
< middle
english
deabolik <
old french
diabolique
< late
latin diabolicus
< ancient
greek διαβολικός
| dhiabholikos
(= devilish) <
διάβολος |
diabholos
(= accuser,
slanderer, devil) < διαβάλλω
| dhiabhallō
(= to slander) <
διά
| dhia (=
through) + βάλλω
| bhallō
(= to throw).
diagnosis
<
ancient greek
διάγνωσις |
dhiaghnōsis
(= a discerning) <
διαγιγνώσκω
| dhiaghighnōskō
(= discern) <
διά |
dhia (=
through) + γιγνώσκω
| ghighnōskō
(= learn).
diagonal
< middle
english
diagnosis <
old french
diagonal
< latin
diagonalis
< diagonus
(= slanting line) <
ancient greek
διαγώνιος |
dhiaghōnios
(= from angle to angle) <
διά | dhia
(= through) + γωνία |
ghōnia (=
angle).
diagram
< french
diagramme
< latin
diagramma
(= scale) <
ancient greek διάγραμμα
| dhiaghramma
(= geometric figure) <
διαγράφω |
dhiaghraphō
(= delineate) <
διά | dhia
(= through) + γράφω |
ghraphō
(= write, draw).
dial
< middle
english
dial <
old french
dyal
< medieval
latin
dialis
(= daily) <
latin dies
(= day) <
I.E. *dyeu-
(= to shine).
dialect
< middle
french
dialecte
< latin
dialectus
(= local language) <
ancient greek
διάλεκτος |
dhialektos
(= conversation, dialect) <
διαλέγομαι |
dhialeghomae
(= to discuss) <
διά | dhia
(= through ) + λέγω |
leghō (=
speak).
dialogue
< middle
english
dialogue <
old french
dialoge
< latin dialogus
< ancient
greek διάλογος
| dhialoghos
(= conversation) < διαλέγομαι
| dhialeghomae
(= to converse) <
διά | dhia
(= through) + λέγω |
leghō (=
speak).
diameter
< middle
english
diameter <
old french
diametre
< latin
diametrus
< ancient
greek διάμετρος
[γραμμή] | dhiametros
[ghrammē]
(= diagonal (of a circle) [line]) <
διά | dhia
(= through) + μέτρον |
metron (=
a measure).
diamond
< middle
english
diamond < diamaunt
< old
french diamant
< medieval
latin
diamas
[gen. diamantis]
<
vulgar
latin
*adiamas
[gen. adiamantis]
< latin
adamas
[gen. adamantis]
(= diamond)
< ancient
greek αδάμας
| adhamas
[gen. αδάμαντος |
adhamantos)
(= untamed) < α- | a-
(= without) + δάμνημι
| dhamnymi
(= conquer, tame).
Diana
< middle
english Diana
< late
latin
Diana,
a goddess < old
latin
Jana.
diary
< latin
diarium
(= daily allowance) < diarium,
neuter of diarius
(= daily) <
dies
(= day) < I.E.
*dyeu-
(= to shine).
dice
< middle
english dice
/ des
/ dys,
plural of die
/ dy
/ dyse
/ dyce
< old
french de
(= die, dice) < (?) latin
datum
(= given), neuter past participle of do
[inf. dare]
(= give).
Dick
< Rick
< a shortening of Richard
< middle english Rycharde
< old
french Richard
< old
high german Ricohard
< proto-germanic
*rik-
(= ruler) + *harthu
(= hard).
dictate
< latin
dictatus,
past participle of dicto
[inf. dictare]
(= say often) < dico
[inf. dicere]
(= say, speak).
dictator
< middle
english dictatour
< old
french
dictator
< latin
dictator
< dicto
[inf. dictare]
(= say often) < dico
[inf. dicere]
(= say, speak).
dictionary
< medieval
latin
dictionarium
(= collection of words) < latin
dictionarius
(= of words) <
dictio
[gen. dictionis]
(= expression, word) < dico
[inf. dicere]
(= say, speak).
die
< middle
english dien
/ deighen
< (?) old
danish
døja
/ old
norse
deyja
(= die) < proto-germanic
*dawjan
< I.E.
*dheu-(3)
(= pass away, die).
diesel
< german
[Rudolf]
Diesel,
mechanical engineer [inventor of this type of engine].
diet
(= assembly
of delegates) < middle
english diet
<
medieval
latin
dieta
(= daily duty, meeting of counselors) <
latin
diaeta
(= prescribed way of life) <
ancient greek
δίαιτα
| dhiaeta
(= regimen, way of life) <
διαιτώμαι |
dhiaetōmae
(= lead one's life).
Dietrich
< old
high german
Theodric
< theuda
(= folk) + rihhi
(= rule) (<
proto-germanic
*rikja
(= rule)).
differ
< middle
english differ
<
old french
differer
< latin
difero
[inf. differre]
(= set apart) <
dis-
(= un-, apart) + fero [inf. ferre]
(= to bear, carry).
difficulty
< middle
english difficulty
< anglo-french
difficulté
< latin
difficultas
(= difficulty)
< difficilis
(= hard) <
dis-
(= un-, apart) + facilis
(= easy) (<
facio
[inf. facere]
(= do, make).
dig
< middle
english diggen
(= make a
ditch) < (?) proto-germanic
*dik-
< I.E.
*dheigw-
(= to stick, fix).
digest
< middle
english digesten
< latin
digestus,
past participle of digero
[inf. digerere]
(= divide) <
dis-
(= un-, apart) + gero
[inf. gerere]
(= to carry).
digit
< middle
english digit
<
latin
digitus
(= finger, toe) [because numbers up to 10 used to be counted on
fingers] < dico
[inf. dicere]
(= say) <
I.E.
*deik-
(= to show).
dilemma
< late
latin
dilemma
< ancient
greek δίλημμα
| dhilēmma
(= double proposition) <
δι- | dhi-
(= two) (< δύο |
dhyo (=
two)) + λήμμα | lēmma
(= premise) (<
*λήπ-μα
| lēp-ma
< ληπ-
| lēp-,
future stem of λαμβάνω
| lambhanō
(= take)).
diligent
<
middle
english diligeat
<
old french
diligent
< latin
diligens
[gen. diligentis]
(= attentive)
< diligo
[inf. diligere]
(= select, appreciate) <
dis-
(= un-, apart) + lego
[inf. legere]
(= choose).
dime
(= 10-cent coin) <
middle
english didime
(= a tenth part) <
old french
disme
(= a tenth
part) < latin
decimus
(= tenth) <
decem
(= ten). [The verb dime
(= to
inform) <
dime,
from the 10-cent cost of a pay-phone call].
dimension
< middle
english dimensioun
< latin
dimensio
(= a
measuring) < dimetior
[inf. dimetiri]
(= to measure out) <
dis-
(= un-, apart) + metior
[inf. metiri]
(= to measure).
diminish
< middle
english diminishen
< a
merge of 1. diminue
< old
french
diminuer
(= make small) <
latin
diminuo
[inf. diminuere]
(= break into small pieces) < deminuo
[inf. deminuere]
(= lessen) <
de
(= off, down from) + minuo
[inf. minuere]
(= make small) + 2. minish
< old
french
menuisier
< latin
minuo
[inf. minuere]
(= make small).
dimmer
< dim
< old
english
dimm
(= dark, gloomy) <
proto-germanic
*dimbaz
(= dark, black).
diner
< dine
< middle
english
dinen
< old
french
disner
(= have a meal) <
gallo-roman
*desjunare
(= to break one’s fast) <
vulgar
latin
*disjejuno [inf.
disjejunare]
< dis-
(= un-, apart) + late
latin
jejuno
[inf. jejunare]
(= to fast) (<
latin
jejunus
(= fasting, hungry).
ding
< (?)
ding-dong
< imitative
origin.
dinner
< middle
english dinner
< old
french
disner
(= breakfast) < disner
(= take
the first meal of the day) <
gallo-roman
*desjunare
(= to break one's fast) <
vulgar
latin
*disjejuno [inf.
disjejunare]
< dis-
(= un-, apart) + late
latin
jejuno
[inf. jejunare]
(= to fast) (<
latin
jejunus
(= fasting, hungry).
dinosaur
< ancient greek
δεινός
| dhoenos
(= terrible) + σαύρα
| savra (=
lizard).
diocese
<
middle
english diocese
<
old french
diocese
< late
latin
diocesis
(= a
bishop’s jurisdiction) <
late latin
diocesis
(= a
governor’s jurisdiction) <
ancient greek
διοίκησις
| dhioekēsis
(= government, administration) <
διοικώ
| dhioekō
(= govern, manage a house) <
διά
| dhia (=
through) + οίκος
| oekos (=
house).
diode
<
ancient greek
δι- | dhi-
(= twice) (< δύο
| dhyo
(= two)) + ‘οδός
| hodhos
(= way, road).
diplomatic
< modern
latin
diplomaticus
< latin
diploma
<
ancient greek
δίπλωμα
| dhiplōma
[gen. διπλώματος
| dhiplōmatos]
(= paper folded double, licence) <
διπλώ
| dhiplō
(= to double, fold over) <
διπλούς
| dhiplous
(= double).
direct
< middle
english direct
< old
french
direct
< latin
directus (=
straight) < directus,
past participle of dirigo
[inf. dirigere]
(= to set straight) <
dis-
(= un-, apart) + rego
[inf. regere]
(= direct, guide).
dirty
<
middle
english dirty
< dritty
(= feculent, muddy) <
drit
/ drytt
(= excrement, dung, mud) <
old norse
drit
<
proto-germanic
*dritan.
disaster
<
middle
french
désastre
<
italian
disastro
< dis-
(<
latin dis-
(= un-, apart)) + astro
(= star) (<
latin
astrum
< ancient
greek άστρον
| astron
(= star)).
discern
<
middle
english discern
<
old french
discerner
(= distinguish)
< latin
discerno
[inf. discernere]
(= to separate) <
dis-
(= un-, apart) + cerno
[inf. cernere]
(= separate).
disciple
< old
english
discipul
< latin discipulus
(= student, follower) < (?) 1. disco
[inf. discere]
(= learn) or
2. *discipio
[inf. discipere]
(= grasp intellectually) <
dis-
(= un-, apart) + capio
[inf. capere]
(= take, hold).
disclaim
< middle
english
disclaimen
<
anglo-french
disclaimer
/ old
french
desclamer
(= disclaim) <
des-
(<
latin dis-
(= un-, apart)) + clamer
(= to claim) (<
latin
clamo
[inf. clamare]
(= cry out, shout)).
disco
<
american
english disco
[1964] < a shortening of discotheque
<
french
discothèque
(= record library, nightclub with recorded music for dancing) [1951]
< italian
discoteca
(= record collection) [1927] < disco
(= phonograph record) (< latin
discus
<
ancient greek
δίσκος
| dhiskos
(= disk)) + -teca
[on model of biblioteca
(= library)] (< ancient greek
θήκη |
thēkē
(= case) < τίθημι
| tithēmi
(= put)).
discover
< middle
english
discoveren
< old
french
descovrir
(= uncover) <
medieval
latin
discooperio
[inf. discooperire]
< latin
dis-
(= un-, apart) + cooperio
[inf. cooperire]
(= cover over, bury)
< com
(= with, together) + operio
[inf. operire]
(= to close, cover).
discuss
< middle
english
discussen
< latin
discussus,
past participle of discutio
[inf. discutere]
(= to strike, discuss) <
dis-
(= un-, apart) + quatio
[inf. quatere]
(= to shake).
disease
< middle
english disease
< old
french
desaise
(= lack, trouble, sickness) <
des-
(< latin
dis-
(= un-, apart)) + aise
(= comfort) (< latin adjacens,
past participle of adjacio
[inf. adjacere]
(= to lie, rest) < ad
(= to) + jaceo
[inf. jacere]
(= to throw)).
disguise
< middle
english disguise
<
old french
disguiser (=
disguise) <
des-
(< latin
dis-
(= un-, apart)) + guise
(= appearance) (< frankish *wisa
< proto-germanic
*wison
(= manner)).
disgust
< middle
french
desgoust
(= strong dislike) <
desgouster
(= have a distaste) <
des-
(< latin
dis-
(= un-, apart)) + gouster
(= taste) (<
latin
gusto
[inf. gustare]
(= to taste)).
dish
< old
english
disc
(= plate,
platter) <
latin
discus
(= dish, platter) <
ancient greek δίσκος
| dhiskos
(= disk, platter).
disk
< latin
discus
(= dish, platter) <
ancient greek
δίσκος
| dhiskos
(= disk, platter).
dismal
< middle
english dismal
< anglo-french
dismal
< old
french dis
mals
(= bad days) <
medieval
latin dies
mali
(= bad days) <
latin
dies,
plural of dies
(= day) + mali,
plural of malus
(= bad).
dismay
< middle
english dismaien
< (?) dis-
(< latin
dis-
(= un-, apart)) + amaien
/ esmaien
(<
old french
esmaier
(= to trouble) < vulgar
latin
*exmago
[inf. exmagare]
(= divest of ability) <
latin ex-
(= out) + proto-germanic
*magan
(= be able)).
dismiss
< middle
english dismissen
< dimissus,
past participle of dimitto
[inf. dimittere]
(= send away, abandon) <
dis-
(= un-, apart) + mitto
[inf. mittere]
(= send).
display
< middle
english display
<
old french
desploiir
(= unfold)
< latin
displico
[inf. displicare]
(= to scatter) <
dis-
(= un-, apart) + plico
[inf. plicare]
(= to fold).
dispose
< middle
english disposen
< old
french disposer
(=
arrange, control) [by influence of
poser (=
to place)] <
latin
dispono
[inf. disponere]
(= put in order) <
dis-
(= un-, apart) + pono
[inf. ponere]
(= to put, place).
dispute
< middle
english dispute
<
old french
desputer
(= dispute,
fight over) < latin
disputo
[inf. disputare]
(= weigh, examine) <
dis-
(= un-, apart) + puto
[inf. putare]
(= consider).
disrupt
< latin
disruptus,
past participle of disrumpo
[inf. disrumpere]
(= break apart) <
dis-
(= un-, apart) + rumpo
[inf. rumpere]
(= to break).
dissident
< latin
dissidens [gen.
dissidentis],
present participle of dissideo
[inf. dissidere]
(= sit apart, disagree) <
dis-
(= un-, apart) + sedeo
[inf. sedere]
(= to sit).
dissipate
< middle
english dissipaten
< latin
dissipatus,
past participle of dissipo
[inf. dissipare]
(= spread abroad) <
dis-
(= un-, apart) + supo
[inf. supare]
(= to throw).
dissonant
< middle
english dissonaunt
< old
french
dissonant
< latin
dissonans
[gen. dissonantis],
present participle of dissono
[inf. dissonare]
(= differ in sound) <
dis-
(= un-, apart) + sono
[inf. sonare]
(= to sound).
dissuade
< middle
french
dissuader
< latin
dissuadeo
[inf. dissuadere]
(= to advise against) <
dis-
(= un-, apart) + suadeo
[inf. suadere]
(= persuade).
distance
< middle
english distaunce
< french
distance (=
discord) < latin
distantia
(= a standing apart) <
distans
[gen. distantis],
present participle of disto
[inf. distare]
(= stand apart) <
dis-
(= un-, apart) + sto
[inf. stare]
(= to stand).
distil(l)
< middle
english distillen
< old
french
distiller
(= distill) <
latin
distillo
[inf. distillare]
< destillo
[inf. destillare]
(= distill, extract) <
de
(= off, down from) + stillo
[inf. stillare]
(= to drip, drop) (<
stilla
(= a drop)).
distinct
< middle
english distinct
< distincten
(= make distinct) <
old french
distincter
< latin
distinctus,
past participle of distinguo
[inf. distinguere]
(= separate between) <
dis-
(= un-, apart) + stinguo
[inf. stinguere]
(= to erase, prick).
distinguish
< middle
french
distinguer
< latin
distinguo
[inf. distinguere]
(= separate between) <
dis-
(= un-, apart) + stinguo
[inf. stinguere]
(= to erase, prick).
distort
< latin
distortus,
past participle of distorqueo
[inf. distorquere]
(= distort) <
dis-
(= un-, apart) + torqueo
[inf. torquere]
(= to twist).
distract
< middle
english distracten
< latin
distractus,
past participle of distraho
[inf. distrahere]
(= draw in different directions) <
dis-
(= un-, apart) + traho
[inf. trahere]
(= to draw).
distress
< middle
english distress
< old
french
destresse
<
vulgar
latin *districtia
(= restraint, affliction) <
latin
districtus,
past participle of distringo
[inf. distringere]
(= draw apart) <
dis-
(= un-, apart) + stringo
[inf. stringere]
(= draw tight).
distribute
< middle
english distributen
< latin
distributus,
past participle of distribuo
[inf. distribuere]
(= to divide) <
dis-
(= un-, apart) + tribuo
[inf. tribuere]
(= to grant, allot, divide) (<
tribus
(= tribe)).
district
< french
district
<
medieval
latin
districtus
(= jurisdiction) < latin
districtus,
past participle of distringo
[inf. distringere]
(= draw apart) <
dis-
(= un-, apart) + stringo
[inf. stringere]
(= draw tight).
disturb
< middle
english distourben
< old
french
destorber
< latin
disturbo
[inf. disturbare]
(= throw into disorder) <
dis-
(= un-, apart) + turbo
[inf. turbare]
(= to disturb) (<
turba
(= turmoil)).
dither
< middle
english
didderen
< uncertain origin.
dithyramb
< latin
dithyrambus
< ancient
greek διθύραμβος
| dhithyrambhos
[a song for the god Dionysos].
diva
<
italian
diva
(= goddess, fine lady) <
latin
diva,
female of divus
(= divine).
dive
< middle
english diven
< a
merge of old
english
dufan
(= to dive, sink) + dyfan
(= to dip, submerge) <
proto-germanic
*dubijan.
diverge
< modern
latin
divergo
[inf. divergere]
(= go in different directions) <
dis-
(= un-, apart) + vergo
[inf. vergere]
(= to bend, turn).
diverse
<
middle
english diverse
< divers
< old
french
divers (=
different, various)
< late
latin
diversus
(= various)
< latin
diversus,
past participle of diverto
[inf. divertere]
(= to turn in different directions) <
dis-
(= un-, apart) + verto
[inf. vertere]
(= to turn).
divert
< middle
english diverten
< old
french
divertir
< latin
diverto
[inf. divertere]
(= to turn in different directions) <
dis-
(= un-, apart) + verto
[inf. vertere]
(= to turn).
divide
< middle
english divide
<
latin
divido
[inf. dividere]
(= to divide) < dis-
(= un-, apart) + -vido
[inf. -videre]
(= to separate).
divine
< middle
english divine
< old
french
divin
/ devin
< latin
divinus
(= of a god) <
divus
(= divine).
divorce
< middle
english divorce
< old
french
divorce
< latin
divortium
(= dissolution of marriage) <
diverto
[inf. divertere]
(= to turn in different directions) <
dis-
(= un-, apart) + verto
[inf. vertere]
(= to turn).
dizzy
< old
english
dysig
(= foolish, stupid) <
proto-germanic
*dusijaz.
d.j.
< [1961]
an abbreviation of disk-jockey
[1941] (> dee-jay
[1955]).
D.N.A.
< [1944]
an abbreviation of De-oxy-ribo-Nucleic
Acid [1931].
do
<
middle
english do
< old
english
don
(= make, perform, cause, put) <
west
germanic
*doanan
< I.E.
*dhe-
(= to set, place).
dock
< middle
english
dokke
< middle
dutch
docke
/ middle
low german
docke
< (?) late
latin
*ductia
(= aqueduct) < latin
duco
[inf. ducere]
(= to lead).
doctor
< middle
english
doctour
(= church
father) <
old french
doctour
< medieval
latin
doctor
(= religious teacher, scholar) < latin
doctor
(= teacher)
< doceo
[inf. docere]
(= to show, teach).
doctrine
< middle
english
doctrine
<
old french
doctrine
(= teaching)
< latin
doctrina
(= a teaching, learning) <
doctor
(= teacher) < doceo
[inf. docere]
(= to show, teach).
document
< middle
english document
< old
french
document
(= lesson,
written evidence) < medieval
latin
documentum
(= authoritative paper) <
latin
documentum
(= example, lesson) <
doceo
[inf. docere]
(= to show, teach).
dodge
< (?)
dodd
(= to jog).
dog
< old
english
docga <
uncertain
origin.
dogma
< latin
dogma
(= philosophical tenet) <
ancient greek
δόγμα | dhoghma
(= opinion,
tenet) <
δοκώ | dhokō
(= think, believe).
dolby
< [Ray]
Dolby,
engineer, inventor of this sound system [1966].
dole
< old
english
dal
< a shortening of gedal
(= portion) <
proto-germanic
*dailan.
doll
< Doll
<
Dorothy
<
french
Dorothée
< latin
Dorothea
< ancient
greek Δωροθέα |
Dhōrothea
< δώρον
| dhōron
(= gift) + θεά | thea
(= goddess), female of θεός
| theos (=
god).
dollar
< daler
< low
german
daler
< german
taler
< an abbreviation of Joachimstaler
(= [gulden]
of Joachimstal) < Joachimstal,
a town with mines in Bohemia.
dolmen
<
french
dolmin
< (?) cornish
tolmen
(= hole of
stone) <
celtic men
(= stone).
Dolores
<
spanish
[Maria de los]
Dolores
(= [Mary
of the] Sorrows) <
dolores,
plural of dolor
< latin
dolor
(= pain, sorrow).
dolphin
< middle
english dolfin
< old
french
daulphin
< medieval
latin
dolfinus
< latin
delphinus
<
ancient greek
δελφίν | dhelphin
[gen. δελφίνος | dhelphinos]
< δελφίς | dhelphis
[gen. δελφίνος | dhelphinos]
(= dolphin)
< δελφύς
| delphys
(= womb).
domain
< middle
french
domaine
<
medieval
latin
domanium
(= domain, estate) <
latin
dominium
(= property) <
dominus
(= master, owner) <
domus
(= house).
dome
<
french
dome
<
provençal
doma
< ancient
greek δώμα
| dhōma
(= house, housetop).
domestic
< middle
english domestic
<
old french
domestique
< latin
domesticus
(= of the house) <
domus
(= house).
dominate
< latin
dominatus,
past participle of dominor
[inf. dominari]
(= to rule, govern) <
dominus
(= master, owner) <
domus
(= house).
Dominic
< latin
dominicus
(= pertaining
to a lord) <
dominus
(= lord, master, owner) <
domus
(= house).
domino
< french
domino
< {?} latin
dominus
(= lord, master, owner) < domus
(= house).
don
< spanish
/ portuguese
Don
< latin
dominus
(= lord, master, owner) < domus
(= house).
Donald
<
scottish
Dofnald
/ Dufenald
< (?) gaelic
Domhnall
/ old
irish
Domnall
<
proto-celtic
*Dubno-valos
< old
irish
domun
(= world) + proto-celtic
*walos
(= ruler).
donation
<
middle
english donacioun
< old
french
donacion
< latin
donatio
(= a
presenting) < dono
[inf. donare]
(= give as a gift) <
donum
(= gift).
donkey
< (?) a
diminutive of dun
(= dull gray-brown) < middle
english
donned,
past participle of donnen
(= to lose color) <
old
english
dunnian.
Donna
<
italian
Donna
(= lady)
< latin
domina
(= lady) <
latin
domus
(= house).
donor
< middle
english donour
<
anglo-french
donour
/ old
french
doneur
< latin
donator
(= giver)
< dono
[inf. donare]
(= give as a gift) <
donum
(= gift).
Donovan
< irish
Donndubhan
(= dark brown).
donut
< american english
doughnut
< dough
(< (?)
middle
english
dogh
< old
english
dag
<
proto-germanic
*daigaz (=
something kneaded)) + nut (<
middle english note
< old
english hnutu
< proto-germanic
*hnut-
(= nut)).
doodle
< (?)
doodle
/ dudle
(= fritter away time, trifle) < (?) dawdle.
doom
< middle
english
doome
< old
english
dom
(= law, judgment, justice) <
proto-germanic
*domaz.
door
<
middle
english
door
< [a merge of old
english
dor
(= gate) + duru
(= door,
gate, wicket)] < proto-germanic
*dur-
< I.E.
*dhwer-
(= door).
dopamine
< dopa
(< di-oxy-phenyl-alanine)
+ amine.
dope
< american
english
dope
(= sauce,
gravy) <
dutch doop
(= thick dipping sauce) <
doopen
(= to dip).
dormant
< middle
english
dormant <
old french
dormant,
present participle of dormir
(= to sleep) <
latin
dormo
[inf. dormire]
(= to sleep).
dormer
< middle
french dormeor
(= sleeping room) <
dormir
(= to sleep) <
latin
dormo
[inf. dormire]
(= to sleep).
dormitory
< middle
english
dormitory
<
latin
dormitorium
(= sleeping place) <
dormo [inf. dormire]
(= to sleep).
Dorothy
<
french
Dorothée
< latin
Dorothea
< ancient
greek Δωροθέα |
Dhōrothea
< δώρον
| dhōron
(= gift) + θεά | thea
(= goddess), female of θεός
| theos (=
god).
D.O.S.
< Disk
Operating
System
[1967].
dosage
< dose
(q.v.)
+ [suffix] -age.
dose
< middle
english
dose <
old french
dose
< medieval
latin
dosis
< ancient
greek δόσις
| dhosis
(= a giving) <
δίδωμι
| dhidhōmi
(= give).
dossier
<
french
dossier
(= bundle of papers) <
dos
(= back) [(?) because the bundle bore a label on the back] <
vulgar
latin
*dossum
< latin
dorsum
(= back).
dot
< old
english
dott
(= speck,
head of a boil).
double
< middle
english
double <
old french
doble
< latin
duplus
(= twofold) <
duo
(= two) + -plus
(= more).
doubt
< middle
english
d(o)uten
< old
french
doter
(= be doubtful, be afraid) <
latin
dubito
[inf. dubitare]
(= to doubt, question) <
duo
(= two).
douche
< french
douche
<
italian
doccia
(= shower) <
docciare
(= to spray) <
latin
ductio
(= a leading) < duco
[inf. ducere]
(= to lead).
dough
<
middle
english
dogh
< old
english
dag
<
proto-germanic *daigaz
(= something kneaded).
doughnut
< american english
doughnut
< dough
(q.v.) + nut (<
middle english note
< old
english hnutu
< proto-germanic
*hnut-
(= nut)).
Douglas
< middle
english
Douglas <
gaelic
Dubh ghlais
(= dark water), a place in Lanarkshire.
dove
< middle
english
douve
< (?) old
english
dufe-
<
proto-germanic
*dubon.
down
< old
english
dune (=
downwards) <
dune
(= from the hill), dative of dun
(= hill).
dozen
< middle
english
doseine
< old
french
dozaine
(= a dozen) < doze
(= twelve)
< latin
duodecim
(= twelve) <
duo
(= two) + decem
(= ten).
drachma
< middle
english
dragme
< old
french
dragme
< medieval
latin
dragma
< ancient
greek δραχμή
| dhrakhmē,
a coin of Attica < δράττομαι
| drattomae
(= to grasp).
draconian
< Draco
< ancient greek
Δράκων |
Dhrakon, a
strict law-giver of Athens (< δράκων
| dhrakōn
(= dragon)).
draft
< middle
english
draft <
draught
(= act of
pulling) <
old
english
*dreaht.
drag
< middle
english
draggen
< old
norse
draga
/ old
english
dragan
(= to drag, to draw) < proto-germanic
*draganan
(= to draw, to pull).
dragon
< middle
english
dragoun
< old
french
dragon
< latin
draco
[gen.draconis]
<
ancient greek
δράκων | dhrakōn
(= huge serpent).
drain
< middle
english
dreinen
< old
english
dreahnian
(= remove by degrees) <
proto-germanic
*dreug-.
drake
< middle
english drake
< old
english
draca
(= dragon) <
proto-germanic
*drako
< latin
draco
<
ancient greek
δράκων | dhrakōn
(= huge serpent).
drama
< late
latin
drama
<
ancient greek
δράμα | dhrama
(= action,
play, spectacle) <
δρω | dhrō
(= do, act, perform).
drastic
< ancient greek
δραστικός |
dhrastikos
(= effective, active, violent) <
δράσις | dhrasis
(= action) <
δρω | dhrō
(= do, act, perform).
draught
< middle
english draught
(= act
of pulling) <
old
english
*dreaht.
draughts
< draught
[(?) from the dragging of the pieces over the board of this game] <
middle english
draught
(= act
of pulling) <
old
english
*dreaht.
draw
<
middle
english drauen
< old
english
dragan
(= to drag, to draw) <
proto-germanic
*draganan
(= to draw, pull).
dread
< middle
english dread
< old
english
adrædan
< ondrædan
(= advise against, fear) <
ond-
/ and-
(= against) + rædan
(= to advise).
dream
<
middle
english dream
< (?) proto-germanic
*draugmas
(= deception, illusion).
dress
< middle
english dress
<
old french
dresser
/ drecier
(= raise, address, prepare) <
vulgar
latin
*directio
[inf. directiare]
(= make straight) <
latin
directus,
past participle of dirigo
[inf. dirigere]
(= set straight) <
dis-
(= un-, apart) + rego
[inf. regere]
(= to direct, rule).
dribble
< drib
< drip
(= drop).
drift
< middle
english drift
< [(?) 1. drive
or 2. old
norse
drift
(= snow drift) or 3. middle
dutch
drift
(= pasturage, flock)] < proto-germanic
*driftiz
(= to drive).
drill
< dutch
drillen
(= turn around, whirl) <
proto-germanic
*thr-.
drink
< old
english
drincan
<
proto-germanic
*drenkanan.
drip
< middle
english drippen
(= to fall
in drops) <
old
english
dryp(p)an
< proto-germanic
*drupjanan.
drive
< old
english
drifan
<
proto-germanic
*dreibanan
(= to drive).
droid
< android
< modern
latin androides <
ancient greek ανήρ
| anēr
[gen. ανδρός
| andhros]
(= man, human) + είδος
| oedhos
(= form).
droit
<
middle
english droit
<
old french
droit
/ dreit
(= right) <
medieval
latin
drictum <
directum
(= right,
law) < latin
directum,
neuter of directus,
past participle of dirigo
[inf. dirigere]
(= to set straight) <
dis-
(= un-, apart) + rego
[inf. regere]
(= direct, guide).
droll
<
french
drôle
(= odd, funny) < (?) 1. middle
dutch drol
(= fat little fellow) or 2. middle
high
german
trolle (=
clown) < old
norse
troll
(= giant).
drone
< middle
english
drane
/ drone
(= male
honeybee) <
old
english
dran
/ dræn
< proto-germanic
*dran-
< (?) imitative
origin.
drop
< middle
english
droppen
< old
english
dropian
(= to fall in drops).
drown
< middle
english
drounen
< (?) old
english
druncnian (=
be swallowed up by water) < (?)
drincan
(= to drink).
drug
< middle
english
drogge
< old
french droge
(= supply, stock) < (?) middle
dutch /
middle low
german 1.
droge-vate
(= dry barrels) or 2. droge
waere
(= dry
wares).
druid
<
french
druide
< latin
druis
[plural druidae]
< gaulish
Druides
< celtic
*dru-wid-
(= strong seer) <
old celtic
*derwos
(= true) + *wid-
(= to know, see).
drum
< middle
english
drom
< (?) middle
dutch
tromme
(= drum) < (?) imitative
origin.
dry
< middle
english
drie
< old
english
dryge
< proto-germanic
*draugiz <
germanic
*dreug-
(= dry).
dual
< latin
dualis
(= duality) <
duo
(= two) < I.E.
*dwo-
(= two).
dub
(= give a
name to) <
old
english
dubbian
(= knight) < (?) old
french
aduber
(= equip with arms).
dub
(= add
sound on film) < a shortening of double
< middle
english
double <
old french
doble
< latin
duplus
(= twofold) <
duo
(= two) + -plus
(= more).
dubious
< late
latin
dubiosus
(= doubtful) <
latin
dubius
(= doubtful) <
duo
(= two) < I.E.
*dwo-
(= two).
Dublin
< irish
dubh
(= black) + linn
(= pool) [from the dark waters of the river Liffey].
duck
< old
english
duce
< (?) old
english
*ducan
(= to duck, dive).
dude
< american english
dude
(= fastidious man) < (?) doodle (=
foppish man).
due
< middle
english
due <
old french
deu,
past participle of devoir
(= to owe) <
latin
debeo
[inf. debere]
(= to owe) <
de-
(= off, away) + habeo
[inf. habere]
(= hold, have).
duel
< middle
english
dduelle
<
medieval
latin
duellum
(= combat between two persons) <
old latin
duellum
(= war).
duet
<
french
duet
< italian
duetto
< duo
(= two) < I.E.
*dwo-
(= two).
duke
< middle
english
duke <
old french
duc
< latin
dux
[gen. ducis]
(= leader)
< duco
[inf. ducere](=
to lead).
dumb
< old
english
dumb
<
proto-germanic
*dumbaz
(= dumb, dull).
dump
< middle
english
dump
(= fall with force, drop suddenly) < (?) scandinavian
source.
Duncan
< 1.
gaelic
donn
(= brown) + ceann
(= head) or 2. old
gaelic
Donnchad
(= brown warrior).
dungeon
< middle
english
dungeon <
old french
donjon
(= great tower of a castle) <
gallo-roman
*dominion
< late
latin
dominium
< latin
dominus
(= master) <
domus
(= house).
duo
< latin
duo
(= two) < I.E.
*dwo-
(= two).
duplicate
< middle
english
duplicate <
latin
duplicatus,
past participle of duplico
[inf. duplicare]
(= to double) <
duo
(= two) + plico
[inf. plicare]
(= to fold).
durance
< middle
english
durance <
old french
durance
(= duration) <
durer
(= to endure) <
latin duro
[inf. durare]
(= to harden) <
durus
(= hard).
duration
<
middle
english
duracioun
< old
french
duration
< medieval
latin
duratio
< latin
duro
[inf. durare]
(= to harden) <
durus
(= hard).
during
<
middle
english
duryng,
present participle of duren
(= to last, continue) < old
french
durer
(= to endure)
< latin
latin duro
[inf. durare]
(= to harden) <
durus
(= hard).
dusk
< dusk
(= partial
dark) <
middle
english
dosc
(= obscure,
shadowy).
dust
< old
english
dust
< proto-germanic
*dunstaz
< I.E.
*dheu-(1)
(= dust,
smoke, vapor).
Dutch
< middle
english
Dutch
< middle
dutch
duutsch
< old
high german
duitisc
< proto-germanic
*theudō
(= popular, national) <
I.E.
*teuta-
(= tribe).
duty
< middle
english
duete
<
anglo-french duete
< old
french deu
(= due, proper) <
vulgar
latin
*debutus
< latin
debitus,
past participle of debeo
[inf. debere]
(= to owe) <
de-
(= off, away) + habeo
[inf. habere]
(= hold, have).
DVD
< [1995] Digital
Video
Disc
/ (later) Digital
Versatile
Disc.
dwarf
< old
english
dweorh
/ dwe(o)rg
<
proto-germanic
*dweraz
< (?) I.E.
*dhwergwhos
(= something tiny).
dwell
< old
english
dwellan
<
proto-germanic
*dwaljana
(= to delay) / *dwelana
(= go astray).
dynamic
< french dynamique
< ancient greek
δυναμικός
| dhynamikos
(= powerful) < δύναμις
| dhynamis
(= power) <
δύναμαι
| dhynamae
(= have power).
dynamite
< swedish
dynamit
[by Alfred Nobel, a Swedish chemist, inventor of this explosive] <
ancient greek
δύναμις
| dhynamis
(= power) <
δύναμαι
| dhynamae
(= have power).
dynamo
<
dynamo-machine
< german
dynamoelektrischemaschine
(= dynamo-electric machine) <
ancient greek
δύναμις
| dhynamis
(= power) <
δύναμαι
| dhynamae
(= have power).
dynasty
<
middle
english
dynasty <
middle
french
dynastie
< late
latin
dynastia
< ancient
greek δυναστεία
| dhynastoea
(= lordship) <
δυνάστης
| dhynastēs
(= ruler) <
δύναμαι
| dhynamae
(= have power).
dyslexia
<
german
dyslexie
<
ancient greek
δυσ-
| dhys- (=
bad, difficult) + λέξις
| lexis (=
word) (<
λέγω
| leghō
(= speak).