c

c. / ca. < an abbreviation of ^latin circa (= approximately).

cabaret < ^french cabaret (= tavern, bar) < (?) ^{middle dutch} cambret < ^{old french} camberete, a diminutive of cambre (= chamber, room) < ^{late latin} camera / camara (= vault, vaulted room) < ^{ancient greek} καμάρα | kamara (= vaulted chamber).

cabin < ^{middle english} cabin (= small house) < ^{old french} cabane (= hut, small house) < ^{old provençal} cabana < ^{late latin} capanna (= hut).

cabinet < ^{middle french} cabinet (= small room), a diminutive of ^{old french} cabane (= hut, small house) < ^{old provençal} cabana < ^{late latin} capanna (= hut). [(?) by influence of ^italian gabbinetto, a diminutive of gabbia < ^latin cavea (= stall, cage)].

cable < ^{middle english} cable (= large rope or chain for a ship) < ^{old french} cable < ^{medieval latin} capulum (= rope, halter for cattle) < ^latin capio [inf. capere] (= take, hold).

cabriolet < ^french cabriolet < cabriole (= a leap like a goat) < ^italic capriole < capriolare (frisk, gambol) < ^latin capreolus (= roe deer), a diminutive of caper (= he-goat).

cacao < ^spanish cacao (= the cocoa bean) < ^nahuatl (of Aztecs) cacaua < cacahuatl (= bean of the cocoa-tree).

cache < ^french [canadian slang] cache (= hiding place for stores) < ^french cacher (= hide, conceal) < ^{vulgar latin} *coactico [inf. coacticare] (= store up, collect) < ^latin coacto [inf. coactare] (= constrain) < coactus, past participle of cogo [inf. cogere] (= collect) < com (= with, together) + ago [inf. agere] (= drive, lead, act).

cactus < ^latin cactus < ^{ancient greek} κάκτος | kaktos (= artichoke).

Cadiz < ^spanish Cadiz < ^latin Gades < ^{ancient greek} Γάδειρα | Gadoera < ^phoenician gadir (= fort, enclosure).

Caesar < ^{middle english} Cesar < Cæsar < ^latin [Caius Julius] Caesar, a title of emperor of Rome {> ^german Kaiser, ^russian tsar} < Caesar, a surname of the Julian gens in Rome < (?) 1. caesus, past participle of caedo [inf. caedere] (= to cut) [because Caesar was said to have been delivered surgically (by caesarian section)] or 2. caesaries (= head of hair) [because he was said to be born with a full hair] or 3. caeruleus (= cyan-gray) or 4. caesius (= bluish-gray) [because of the color of his eyes].

caesarian < caesarian [section] < 1. ^latin caesus, past participle of caedo [inf. caedere] (= to cut) or 2. [Caius Julius] Caesar, the emperor of Rome [because he was said to have been delivered surgically] < caesus, past participle of caedo.

cafe < ^french café (= coffee, coffeehouse) < ^italian caffe (= coffee) < ^dutch koffie < ^turkish kahveh < ^arabic qahwa(h) (= coffee) < Kaffa, a region of Ethiopia [home of this plant].

cafeteria < ^{american english} cafeteria < ^{mexican spanish} cafeteria (= coffee store) < café (= coffee) (< ^turkish kahveh < ^arabic qahwa(h) (= coffee) < Kaffa, a region of Ethiopia [home of this plant]) + ^spanish -tería (= business place).

cage < ^{middle english} cage < ^{old french} cage (= cage, prison, hideout) < ^latin cavea (= hive, stall, cage).

Cairo < ^arabic [al-]Kahira (= [the] victorius / [the] strong) [the new city built north of the ^{old egyptian} Khere-ohe / Khreri-aha (= place of combat)].

cake < ^{middle english} cake < ^{old norse} kaka (= cake) < ^{west germanic} *kokon-.

Calais < ^gaulish Caleti, a Celtic people [who lived there].

calamari < ^italian calamari (= squid) < ^latin [theca] calamaria (= [case] for a pen), female of calamarius < calamus (= reed, a writing pen) < ^{ancient greek} κάλαμος | kalamos (= reed) [so called from the ink and the pen-shaped internal shell of the squid].

calcium < ^latin calx [gen. calcis] (= limestone).

calculus < ^latin calculus (= a pebble as a reckoning counter, account), a diminutive of calx [gen. calcis] (= limestone).

Calcutta < ^sanskrit Kali, a Hindu goddess < kali (= black).

caldera < ^spanish caldera (= cauldron, kettle) < ^latin caldaria, plural of caldarium (= hot bath) < caldarius (= pertaining to warming) < calidus (= warm).

calendar < ^{middle english} calendar < ^{old french} calendier (= list, register) < ^latin calendarium (= account book) < calendae / kalendae (= the calends), the first day of the Roman month < “calo lunam novellam” (= I call out the new moon), a phrase for the appearance of new moon that was announced from the Capitol by the priests < calo [inf. calare] (= call out) + luna (= moon) + novella, female of novellus (< novus (= new)).

calibration < calibrate (= inside diameter of a gun barrel) < ^{middle french} calibre < (?) 1. ^arabic qalib (= a mold for casting) or 2. ^{medieval latin} qua libra (= of what weight) < qua, female ablative of quis (= who?) + libra, ablative of libra (= balance).

California < ^spanish California < (?) a compound of caliente fornella (= hot cauldron) < ^latin calidus (= warm) + fornus (= oven).

caliph < ^{old french} caliphe < ^{medieval latin} califa < ^arabic khalifa (= successor [of prophet Muhammad]) < khalafa (= succeed, come after).

call < ^{middle english} call < ^{old norse} kalla (= cry loudly, call by name) < ^{proto-germanic} *kall- < ^I.E. *gal- (= call, shout).

calm < (?) ^{old french} calme (= tranquility, quiet) / ^{old italian} calma (= quiet, fair weather) < ^{late latin} cauma (= heat of the midday) < ^{ancient greek} καύμα | kavma (= heat) < καίω | kaeō (= to burn).

calorie < ^french calorie < ^latin calor [gen. caloris] (= heat).

Cambridge < ^{old english} Grontabricc (= bridge on [river] Granta) < ^celtic Granta (= crooked) + ^{old english} brycge (< ^{proto-germanic} *brugjo).

camel < ^{old english} camel < ^latin camelus < ^{ancient greek} κάμηλος | kamēlos < ^hebrew / ^phoenician gamal, gimel (= camel).

camera < ^latin camera / camara (= vault, vaulted room) < ^{ancient greek} καμάρα | kamara (= vaulted chamber).

Cameron < ^gaelic camshron (= wry or hooked nose).

Camilla < ^latin Camilla, female of Camillus < camillus (= young man in service of a priest) < (?) ^etruscan origin.

camisole < ^french camisole < ^provençal camisola (= mantle), a diminutive of camisa (= shirt) < ^{late latin} camisia (= shirt, nightgown).

camouflage < ^french camoufler (= to disguise) < (?) 1. camouflet (= puff of smoke, blow smoke in someone’s face) < chault moufflet < chault (= warm) + moufflet (= inflate the cheek) or 2. ^italian camuffare (= to disguise) < (?) capo muffare (= to muffle the head).

camp < ^french camp < ^latin campus (= open field, open space for military exercise).

campaign < ^french campagne (= open country, campaign) < ^{old french} champagne (= countryside, open country) < ^{late latin} campania (= level country) < ^latin Campania, a region in Italy < campus (= open field, open space for military exercise).

camphor < ^{middle english} caumfre < ^{old french} camphre < ^{medieval latin} camfora < ^arabic kafur < ^malay kapur (= camphor tree).

can < ^{old english} can < cunnan (= know) < ^{proto-germanic} *kunnjanan (= be mentally able, have learned) < ^I.E. *gno- (= know).

can < ^{old english} canne (= cup, container) < ^{proto-germanic} *kanna < (?) ^{late latin} canna (= container, vessel) < ^latin canna (= reed) < ^{ancient greek} κάννα | kanna (= reed) < (?) ^{babylonian-assyrian} qanu (= tube, reed).

Canada < ^iroquoian (= a village of huts).

canal < ^french c(h)anel (= water channel, tube, pipe) < ^latin canalis (= water pipe, channel) < canna (= reed) < ^{ancient greek} κάννα | kanna (= reed) < (?) ^{babylonian-assyrian} qanu (= tube, reed).

canary < ^french canarie < ^spanish canario (= canary bird, a bird from Canarii) < Canarias [islas] (= Canarii [islands]) < ^latin [insulae] Canariae (= Canarii [islands]) < canariae, female plural of canarius (= of a dog) < canis (= dog).

cancel < ^anglo-french / ^{old french} canceler < ^latin cancello [inf. cancellare] (= to make like a lattice, cross out something written) < cancelli, plural of *cancellus (= lattice, grating), a diminutive of cancer (= lattice, crossed bars) < carcer (= prison).

cancer < ^{old english} cancer < ^latin cancer (= crab, malignant tumor) < ^{ancient greek} καρκίνος | karkinos (= crab, tumor).

candid < ^latin candidum (= white, pure, honest) < candeo [inf. candere] (= to shine).

candle < ^{old english} candel (= candle, lantern, lamp) < ^latin candela (= a light, torch, candle) < candeo [inf. candere] (= to shine).

candy < ^{middle english} candy (= crystallized sugar) < ^{old french} çucre candi (= sugar candy) < ^arabic qandi < ^persian qand (= cane sugar) < ^sanskrit khanda (= piece [of sugar]) < (?) ^dravidian kattu (= harden).

cane < ^{old french} cane (= reed) < ^latin canna (= reed, cane) < ^{ancient greek} κάννα | kanna (= reed) < (?) ^{babylonian-assyrian} qanu (= tube, reed).

canister < ^latin canistrum (= wicker basket) < ^{ancient greek} κάνυστρον | kanystron (= basket made from reed) < κάννα | kanna (= reed) < ^{ancient greek} κάννα | kanna (= reed) < (?) ^{babylonian-assyrian} qanu (= tube, reed).

cannabis < ^latin cannabis < ^{ancient greek} κάνναβις | kannabis (= hemp) < 1. ^scythian origin or 2. ^thracian origin.

Cannes < ^french Cannes < (?) pre-^I.E. *kan (= height).

cannibal < ^spanish canibal (= savage, cannibal) < caribal < Caribe < ^arawakan Carib (= strong), the natives of the islands of Caribbean < (?) kalin(ag)o (= brave / strong men).

cannon < ^anglo-french canon / ^{old french} canon < ^italian cannone (= large tube, barrel) < ^latin canna (= reed) < ^{ancient greek} κάννα | kanna (= reed) < (?) ^{babylonian-assyrian} qanu (= tube, reed).

canoe < ^spanish canoa < ^arawakan (of Haiti) canaoua.

canteen < ^italian cantina < canto (= corner) < ^latin canthus (= iron rim).

canvas < ^anglo-french canevaz / ^{old french} chanevaz (= made of hemp) < ^{late latin} *cannabaceus < ^latin cannabis < ^{ancient greek} κάνναβις | kannabis (= hemp) < 1. ^scythian origin or 2. ^thracian origin.

canyon < ^{mexican spanish} canon (= narrow valley between cliffs) < ^spanish cañon (= pipe, tube, deep hollow) < cano (= tube) < ^latin canna (= reed) < ^{ancient greek} κάννα | kanna (= reed) < (?) ^{babylonian-assyrian} qanu (= tube, reed).

capable < ^{middle french} capable (= able, sufficient) / ^{late latin} capabilis (= receptive) < ^latin capax [gen. capacis] (= able to hold much, wide, receptive) < capio [inf. capere] (= take, hold).

capacity < ^{old french} capacité (= ability to hold) < ^latin capacitas (= capacity, capability of holding much) < capax [gen. capacis] (= able to hold much, wide, receptive) < capio [inf. capere] (= take, hold).

cape < ^{middle french} cap (= cape, head) < ^latin caput [gen. capitis] (= head, headland) < ^I.E. *kaput- (= head).

capital < ^{middle english} capital < ^{old french} capital < ^latin capitalis (= of the head, capital, chief) < caput [gen. capitis] (= head) < ^I.E. *kaput- (= head).

Capitol < ^latin Capitolium, temple of Jupiter on the Capitoline hill in Rome < caput [gen. capitis] (= head) < ^I.E. *kaput- (= head).

cappuccino < ^italian cappuccino < Capuchin [monk], so called for the similitude of the coffee’s color with the brown hoods of these monks [< ^{middle french} capuchin < ^italian capuccino, a diminutive of capuccio (= hood) < cappa < ^latin cappa (= cape, cloak), so called from the long hoods on their cloaks].

caprice < ^french caprice (= whim) < ^italian capriccio (= shivering, whim) < (?) 1. capro (= goat) < ^latin capra (= wild goat) or 2. capo (= head) (< ^latin caput (= head)) + riccio (= curl, frizzled).

Capricorn < ^latin capricornus (= horned like a goat) < caper [gen. capri] (= goat) + cornu (= horn).

capsule < ^french capsule (= membranous sac) < ^latin capsula (= small box), a diminutive of capsa (= box, case, chest) < capio [inf. capere] (= take, hold).

captain < ^{middle english} capitayn (= chief, leader) < ^{old french} capitaine (= captain, leader) < ^{late latin} capitaneus (= chief) < ^latin caput [gen. capitis] (= head) < ^I.E. *kaput- (= head).

caption < ^{old french} capcion (= arrest, capture) < ^latin captio [gen. captionis] (= catching, holding, taking) < capio [inf. capere] (= take, hold).

car < ^{middle english} car (= wheeled vehicle) < ^anglo-french / ^{old french} carre < ^{vulgar latin} *carra < ^latin carrus [plural carra], carrum (= ^celtic war chariot) < ^gaulish karros (= chariot) < ^celtic origin.

caramel < ^french caramel < ^{old spanish} caramel < (?) ^{medieval latin} cannamellus < 1. ^latin canna (= reed) (< ^{ancient greek} κάννα | kanna (= reed)) + mel [gen. mellis] (= honey) or 2. ^latin calamus (= reed, cane) (< ^{ancient greek} κάλαμος | kalamos (= reed)) + mel [gen. mellis].

carat < ^{middle french} carat (= measure of the fineness of gold) < ^italian carato / ^{medieval latin} carratus < ^arabic qirat (= fruit of the carob tree, weight of 4 grains) < ^{ancient greek} κεράτιον | keration (= carob seed, small weight of measure), a diminutive of κέρας | keras (= horn of an animal).

caravan < ^{middle french} caravane < ^{old french} car(e)vane / ^{medieval latin} caravana < ^arabic qairawan < ^persian karwan (= group of desert travelers).

caravel < ^{middle french} caravelle < ^spanish carabela / ^portuguese caravela, a diminutive of caravo (= small vessel) < ^{late latin} carabus (= small wicker boat) < ^{ancient greek} κάραβος | karabos (= lobster).

carbon < ^latin carbo [gen. carbonis] (= coal, charcoal) < ^I.E. *ker-₍₃₎ (= heat, fire).

card < ^{old french} carte < ^{medieval latin} c(h)arta (= card, paper) < ^latin charta (= leaf of paper, writing, tablet) < ^{ancient greek} χάρτης | khartēs (= layer of papyrus) < (?) ^egyptian origin.

cardinal < ^{middle english} cardinal < ^{medieval latin} cardinalis (= one of the presbyters of the chief (cardinal) churches of Rome) < a shortening of 1. cardinalis [ecclesiae Romanae] or 2. [episcopus] cardinalis < ^latin cardinalis (= principal, chief) < cardo [gen. cardinis] (= axis, base).

care < ^{old english} c(e)arian (= be anxious or solicitous, feel concern or interest) < ^{proto-germanic} *karo- (= lament, care).

career < ^{middle french} carriere (= road, racecourse) < ^{old provençal} / ^italian carriera < ^{vulgar latin} *[via] cararia (= carriage [road], track for wheeled vehicles) < ^latin carrus [plural carra], carrum (= ^celtic war chariot) < ^gaulish karros (= chariot) < ^celtic origin.

cargo < ^spanish cargo (= burden) < cargar (= load) < ^{vulgar latin} *carrico [inf. carricare] (= load a cart or wagon) < ^latin carrus [plural carra], carrum (= ^celtic war chariot) < ^gaulish karros (= chariot) < ^celtic origin.

Caribbean < ^spanish Caribe < ^arawakan Carib (= strong), the natives of the islands of Caribbean < (?) kalin(ag)o (= brave / strong men) [cf. cannibal].

caricature < ^french caricature < ^italian caricatura (= satirical picture) < caricare (= to load, exaggerate) < ^{vulgar latin} *carrico [inf. carricare] (= load a cart or wagon) < ^latin carrus [plural carra], carrum (= ^celtic war chariot) < ^gaulish karros (= chariot) < ^celtic origin.

Carl < ^{old norse} karl (= man, male) / ^{middle high german} Karl (= man, husband) < ^{proto-germanic} *karlon- (= man, husband).

carnation < (?) 1. coronation < ^{middle english} coronaciun < ^{late latin} coronation (= a crowning) < ^latin corono [inf. coronare] (= to furnish with a crown) < corona (= crown, garland) < ^{ancient greek} κορώνη | korōnē (= crow, anything curved) or 2. ^{middle french} carnation (= person’s color) < (?) ^italian carnagione (= flesh color) < ^{late latin} carnatio [gen. carnationis] (= fleshiness) < ^latin caro [gen. carnis] (= piece of flesh).

carnival < ^french carnaval < ^italian carnevale (= Shrove Tuesday) < ^{older italian} carne levare (= to remove the meat) < ^latin caro [gen. carnis] (= piece of flesh) + levo [inf. levare] (= raise, remove).

Carol < ^{medieval latin} Carolus < ^{middle high german} Karl (= man, husband) < ^{proto-germanic} *karlon- (= man, husband).

carousel < ^french carrousel < ^italian carusiello < (?) carro (= chariot) < ^latin carrus [plural carra], carrum (= celtic war chariot) < ^gaulish karros (= chariot) < ^celtic origin.

carpenter < ^anglo-french carpenter / ^{old french} carpentier < ^{late latin} carpentarius (= wagon [maker]) < ^latin carpentum (= wagon, carriage, cart) < ^{old celtic} *carpentom < (?) ^gaulish karros (= chariot) < ^celtic origin.

carpet < ^{old french} carpite < ^{medieval latin} / ^{old italian} carpita (= thick woolen cloth) < ^{vulgar latin} *carpio [inf. carpire] < ^latin carpo [inf. carpere] (= to card, pluck).

carriage < ^anglo-french / ^{old french} cariage (= cart, carriage) < carier (= carry) < ^{late latin} carrico [inf. carricare] < ^latin carrus [plural carra], carrum (= celtic war chariot) < ^gaulish karros (= chariot) < ^celtic origin.

carrot < ^{middle english} karette < ^{middle french} carrotte < ^latin carota < ^{ancient greek} καρώτον | karōton (= carrot) < (?) ^I.E. *kre- < *ker-₍₁₎ (= horn, head).

carry < ^{middle english} carry < ^anglo-french carier (= to transport in a vehicle) / ^{old french} carrier (= to cart, carry) < ^{late latin} carrico [inf. carricare] < ^latin carrus [plural carra], carrum (= ^celtic war chariot) < ^gaulish karros (= chariot) < ^celtic origin.

cartel < ^{middle french} cartel < ^italian cartello (= placard), a diminutive of carta (= card) < ^{medieval latin} c(h)arta (= card, paper) < ^latin charta (= leaf of paper, writing, tablet) < ^{ancient greek} χάρτης | khartēs (= layer of papyrus) < (?) ^egyptian origin.

Carthage < ^latin Carthago [gen. Carthaginis] < ^phoenician quart khadash (= new town).

cartoon < ^french carton / ^italian cartone (= pasteboard) < ^french carton (= pasteboard) < ^italian cartone (= pasteboard) < ^{medieval latin} c(h)arta (= card, paper) < ^latin charta (= leaf of paper, writing, tablet) < ^{ancient greek} χάρτης | khartēs (= layer of papyrus) < (?) ^egyptian origin.

cartridge < cartage (= case of cardboard holding a charge of gunpowder) < ^french cartouche (= wrapped in paper, a full charge for a pistol) < ^italian cartoccio (= roll of paper) < ^{medieval latin} c(h)arta (= card, paper) < ^latin charta (= leaf of paper, writing, tablet) < ^{ancient greek} χάρτης | khartēs (= layer of papyrus) < (?) ^egyptian origin.

Casablanca < ^spanish Casablanca (= white house) < casa (= house) (< ^latin casa (= hut, cottage)) + blanca, female of blanco (= white) (< ^frankish *blank (= white, gleaming)).

cascade < ^french cascade < ^italian cascata (= waterfall) < cascare (= to fall) < ^{vulgar latin} *casico [inf. casicare] < ^latin casus, past participle of cado [inf. cadere] (= to fall).

case (= state of affairs) < ^{old french} cas (= event, happening, situation) < ^latin casus (= chance, occasion, opportunity) < cado [inf. cadere] (= to fall).

case (= box, receptacle) < ^anglo-french / ^{old french} casse < ^latin capsa (= box, repository) < capio [inf. capere] (= take, hold).

cash < ^{middle french} caisse (= money box) < ^provençal caissa / ^italian cassa < ^latin capsa (= box, repository) < capio [inf. capere] (= take, hold).

cashew < cachou < ^french acajou < ^{older portuguese} acajú < ^tupi (of Brazil) acajuba (= cashew tree).

cashmere < Cashmere [wool] < Cashmere / Kashmir < ^sanskrit Kashypamara (= land of Kasyap).

casino < ^italian casino, a diminutive of casa (= house) < ^latin casa (= hut, cottage, cabin).

casque < ^french casque (= helmet) < ^italian casco < ^spanish casco (= potsherd, skull, helmet) < cascar (= break up) < ^{vulgar latin} *quassico [inf. quassicare] < ^latin quasso [inf. quassare] (= shake, shatter).

cassette < ^french cassette (= little box) < ^{middle french} casset < a diminutive of ^{old french} casse (= box) < ^latin capsa (= box, repository) < capio [inf. capere] (= take, hold).

cast < ^{middle english} cast (= throw, fling, hurl), akin to ^{old norse} kasta (= throw).

castigate < ^latin castigatus, past participle of castigo [inf. castigare] (= correct, purify, punish) < castus (= pure) + ago [inf. agere] (= drive, lead, act).

castle < ^{old english} castel (= village, fortress, stronghold) < ^latin castellum (= castle, fort, citadel, fortified village), a diminutive of castrum (= fort) < ^proto-italic *kastro- (= part, share) < ^I.E. *kes- (= to cut)).

castor < ^{old french} castor < ^latin castor < ^{ancient greek} κάστωρ | kastōr (= beaver).

casual < ^{middle french} casuel < ^{late latin} casualis (= by chance) < ^latin casus (= chance, occasion, opportunity) < cado [inf. cadere] (= to fall).

cat < ^{old english} catt (= domestic cat) < ^{proto-germanic} *kattuz < ^{late latin} cattus (= cat).

cataclysm < ^french cataclysme (= flood) < ^latin cataclysmos < ^{ancient greek} κατακλυσμός | kataklysmos (= deluge, flood) < κατακλύζω | kataklyzō (= to deluge) < κατά | kata (= down, to) + κλύζω | klyzō (= wash).

catacomb < catacombs < ^{old english} catacumbas < ^{late latin} catacumbae (= sepulchral vaults) < (?) ^latin cata tumbas (= near to / at the graves) < cata (< ^{ancient greek} κατά | kata (= down, to)) + tumbas, accusative plural of tumba (= tomb) (< ^{ancient greek} τύμβος | tymbos (= grave)).

catalogue < ^{old french} catalogue (= list, index) < ^{late latin} catalogus < ^{ancient greek} κατάλογος | katalogos (= list, register) < καταλέγω | katalegō (= reckon up) < κατά | kata (= down, to) + λέγω | legō (= say).

catamaran < ^hindi / ^malayalam catamaran < ^tamil kattu-maram (= tied wood) < kattu (= tie, binding) + maram (= wood, tree).

catapult < ^{middle french} catapulte < ^latin catapulta (= war machine for throwing darts or stones) < ^{ancient greek} καταπέλτης | katapeltēs < κατά | kata (= down, against) + -πέλτης | -peltēs (< πάλλω | pallō (= to toss, hurl).

catastrophe < ^latin catastropha < ^{ancient greek} καταστροφή | katastrophē (= a sudden end) < καταστρέφω | katastrephō (= overturn, trample on) < κατά | kata (= down, to) + στρέφω | strephō (= to turn).

catch < ^{middle english} catch < ^anglo-french / ^{old french} cachier (= catch, capture) < ^{vulgar latin} *captio [inf. captiare] (= chase) < ^latin capto [inf. captare] (= take, hold) < capio [inf. capere] (= take, hold).

category < ^{middle french} catégorie < ^{late latin} categoria < ^{ancient greek} κατηγορία | katēgoria (= accusation, prediction, category) < κατηγορώ | katēgorō (= accuse, assert, predicate) < κατά | kata (= down, against) + αγορεύω | agorevō (= harangue, declaim) (< αγορά | agora (= public assembly)).

caterpillar < catyrpel < ^{old french} caterpilose (= “shaggy cat”, caterpillar) < ^{late latin} catta pilosa < catta (= cat) + pilosa, female of pilosus (= hairy, shaggy) (< pilus (= hair)).

cathedral < ^{middle english} cathedral [church] < ^latin cathedra < ^{ancient greek} καθέδρα | kathedra (= seat, bench) < κατά | kata (= down, to) + ‘έδρα | ^hedra (= seat, chair, base).

Catherine < ^french Catherine [(?) by influence of folk etymology from ^{ancient greek} καθαρός | katharos (= pure)] < ^{medieval latin} Katerina < ^latin Ecaterina < ^{ancient greek} Αικατερίνη | Aekaterinē.

cathode < ^{ancient greek} κάθοδος | kathodos (= a way down) < κατά | kata (= down, to) + ‘οδός | ^hodos (= way, road).

catholic < ^french catholique < ^{medieval latin} catholicus (= universal, general) < ^{ancient greek} καθολικός | katholikos < καθ’ ‘όλου | kath’  ^holou (= on the whole, in general) < κατά | kata (= down, to, about) + ‘όλου, genitive of ‘όλος | ^holos (= whole).

cattle < ^{middle english} cattle (= property) < ^anglo-french catel (= property) < ^{medieval latin} capitale (= property, stock) < ^latin capitale, neuter of capitalis (= principal, chief) < caput [gen. capitis] (= head).

Caucasian < ^latin Caucasus < 1. ^hittite kaz-kaz, a nation of Black Sea or 2. ^pelasgian *kau- (= mountain).

cause < ^{middle english} cause < ^{old french} cause (= cause, reason, case in law) < ^latin causa (= cause, reason, lawsuit).

caution < ^{middle english} caucioun (= bail, guarantee) < ^{old french} caution (= security, surety) < ^latin cautio (= caution, care, precaution) < caveo [inf. cavere] (= to be on one's guard).

cavalier < ^italian cavalliere < ^{late latin} caballarius (= horseman) < ^{vulgar latin} *caballus (= horse) < ^latin equus < ^I.E. *ekwo- (= horse).

cave < ^{old french} cave < ^latin cavea (= cavity) < cavus (= hollow, concave).

caviar < ^french caviar < ^italian caviaro < ^turkish khaviar < ^persian khaviyar < khaya (= egg) + dar (= bearing).

CD < an abbreviation of Compact Disc [1979].

Cecil < ^latin Caecilius < caecus (= blind).

cedar < ^{old english} ceder < ^latin cedrus < ^{ancient greek} κέδρος | kedros (= cedar, juniper).

ceiling < ^{middle english} celynge < ceil (= put a cover or ceiling over) < ^{old french} celer (= conceal, cover with paneling) < ^latin celo [inf. celare] (= hide).

celebrate < ^latin celebratus, past participle of celebro [inf. celebrare] (= assemble to honor, publish, sing praises of) < celeber [gen. celebris] (= frequented, populous, crowded).

celestial < ^{old french} celestial (= celestial, heavenly) < ^latin caelestis (= heavenly) < caelum (= heaven, sky) < (?) ^I.E. *kaid-slo- (= bright, clear).

cell < ^{middle english} cell (= small monastery, a monk’s room) < ^latin cella (= small room, store room) < ^I.E. *kel-₍₁₎ (= cover, save).

cellar < ^{middle english} cellar (= store room) < ^anglo-french celer / ^{old french} celier (= cellar, underground passage) < ^latin cellarium (= group of cells, pantry, store room) < 1. a diminutive of cella (= small room, store room) or 2. cellarium, neuter of cellarius (= pertaining to a store room) < cella.

cellotape < cellulose (< ^latin cellula, a diminutive of cella (= small room)) + tape (< ^{old english} tæppe < (?) ^latin tapes / tapete (= carpet)).

cellophane < cellulose (< ^latin cellula, a diminutive of cella (= small room)) + -phane (< ^{ancient greek} -φανής | -phanēs < φαίνομαι | phaenomae (= appear, seem)).

cement < ^{old french} ciment (= cement, mortar) < ^latin cæmentum (= stone chip [for making mortar]) < caedo [inf. caedere] (= cut down, chop).

cemetery < ^{old french} cimetiere (= graveyard) < ^{medieval latin} cemeterium < ^{late latin} coemeterium < ^{ancient greek} κοιμητήριον | koemētērion (= sleeping place, dormitory) < κοιμώμαι | koemōmae (= to sleep).

censor < ^{middle french} censor < ^latin censor < censeo [inf. censere] (= appraise, value, judge).

cent < ^latin centum (= hundred) < ^I.E. *km-tom (= 100) < *dkm-tom- (= 100) {> ^{ancient greek} ‘εκατόν | ^hekaton, ^{old irish} cet, ^breton kant, ^lithuanian šimtas, ^{old church slavonic} suto, ^avestan satem, ^sanskrit satam} < *dekm- (= 10).

center / centre < ^{old french} centre < ^latin centrum (= center) < ^{ancient greek} κέντρον | kentron (= sharp point, goad, sting of a wasp) < κεντώ | kentō (= to stitch) < ^I.E. *kent- (= to prick).

century < ^latin centuria (= group of one hundred) < centum (= hundred) < ^I.E. *km-tom (= 100) < *dkm-tom- (= 100) < *dekm- (= 10).

ceramic < ^{ancient greek} κεραμεικός | keramoekos < κέραμος | keramos (= potter’s earth, tile, earthen vessel, jar).

cereal < ^french céréale < ^latin Cerealis (= of Ceres, of grain) < Ceres, an Italic goddess of agriculture < ^I.E. *ker-es- < *ker-₍₂₎ (= grow).

ceremony < ^{middle english} cerymonye < ^{old french} ceremonie < ^{medieval latin} ceremonia < ^latin caerimonia (= holiness, sacredness, reverent rite) < (?) ^etruscan origin.

certain < ^{middle english} certain < ^{old french} certain (= reliable, sure) < ^{vulgar latin} *certanus < ^latin certus (= determined, sure, true) < certus, past participle of cerno [inf. cernere] (= separate, distinguish, decide).

cf. < an abbreviation of ^latin confer (= compare), imperative of conferro [inf. conferre] < com (= with, together) + ferro [inf. ferre] (= carry, bear).

chain < ^{middle english} chain < ^{old french} chaeine < ^latin catena (= chain).

chair < ^{middle english} chaere < ^{old french} chaiere (= chair, seat, throne) < ^latin cathedra < ^{ancient greek} καθέδρα | kathedra (= seat, bench) < κατά | kata (= down, to) + ‘έδρα | ^hedra (= seat, chair, base).

chalk < ^{old english} cealc < ^latin calx [gen. calcis] (= limestone, small stone) < ^{ancient greek} χάλιξ | khalix (= small pebble).

challenge < ^{middle english} challenge < ^{old french} chalongier (= complain, haggle) < ^{vulgar latin} *calumnio [inf. calumniare] < ^latin calumnior [inf. calumniari] (= to accuse falsely, to slander) < calumnia (= trickery, slander).

chamber < ^{middle english} chamber < ^{old french} chambre (= room, apartment) < ^latin camara / camera (= vault, vaulted room) < ^{ancient greek} καμάρα | kamara (= vaulted chamber).

chameleon < ^{middle english} camelion < ^{old french} caméléon < ^latin chamaeleon < ^{ancient greek} χαμαιλέων | khamaeleōn < χαμαί | khamae (= on the ground) + λέων | leōn (= lion).

chamomile < ^{middle english} camomille < ^{old french} camemile < ^{late latin} camomilla < ^latin chamomilla < ^{ancient greek} χαμαίμηλον | chamaemēlon < χαμαί | chamae (= on the ground) + μήλον | mēlon (= fruit, apple).

champagne < ^french champagne < [vin de] Champagne (= [wine of] Champagne), a province in France < campagne (= open country) < ^{old french} champagne (= countryside) < ^{late latin} campania (= level country) < ^latin Campania, a region in Italy < campus (= open field).

champion < ^{middle english} champion < ^{old french} champion (= combatant, champion in single combat) < ^{late latin} campio [gen. campionis] (= gladiator, fighter) < ^latin campus (= open field, open space for military exercise).

chance < ^{middle english} chance < ^{old french} cheance (= accident, fortune, the falling of dice) < ^{vulgar latin} *cadentia (= [in dice] that which falls out) < ^latin cadens [gen. cadentis], present participle of cado [ inf. cadere] (= to fall).

change < ^{middle english} change < ^{old french} changier (= alter, exchange, switch) < ^{late latin} cambio [inf. cambiare] (= barter) < ^latin cambio [inf. cambire] (= exchange) < ^celtic origin.

channel < ^{middle english} channel < ^{old french} c(h)anel (= water channel, tube, pipe) < ^latin canalis (= water pipe, channel) < canna (= reed) < ^{ancient greek} κάννα | kanna (= reed) < (?) ^{babylonian-assyrian} qanu (= tube, reed).

chantilly < ^french Chantilly, a town in France < ^{medieval latin} Chantileium < ^latin Cantilius, personal name.

chaos < ^{middle english} chaos (= gaping void, empty) < ^{old french} chaos / ^latin chaos < ^{ancient greek} χάος | khaos (= that which gapes wide open, abyss).

chapman < ^{middle english} chapman < ^{old english} ceapman (= tradesman) < ^{west germanic} *kaupman- < *kaup- (= trade, purchase) + *mann- (= man).

chapter < ^{middle english} chapter < ^{old french} chapitre < chapitle < ^{late latin} capitulum (= main part, chapter of a book) < a diminutive of ^latin caput [gen. capitis] (= head, paragraph).

character < ^{middle english} carecter < ^{old french} caratere (= feature, character) < ^latin character < ^{ancient greek} χαρακτήρ | kharaktēr (= engraved mark, symbol, imprint on the soul) < χαράσσω | kharassō (= engrave) < χάραξ | kharax (= pointed stake).

charge < ^{middle english} charge < ^{old french} charge (= load, burden) < chargier (= to load, to burden) < ^{vulgar latin} *carrico [inf. carricare] (= load a cart or wagon) < ^latin carrus [plural carra], carrum (= ^celtic war chariot) < ^gaulish karros (= chariot) < ^celtic origin.

charisma < ^{ancient greek} χάρισμα | kharisma (= favor, divine gift) < χαρίζομαι | kharizomae (= to show favor to) < χάρις | kharis (= grace, beauty, kindness) < χαίρω | khaerō (= to rejoice at).

charity < ^{old english} charity < ^{old french} charité (= mercy, compassion) < ^latin caritas (= costliness, esteem, affection) < carus (= dear, valued).

Charles < ^french Charles < ^{medieval latin} Carolus < ^{middle high german} Karl (= man, husband) < ^{proto-germanic} *karlon- (= man, husband).

Charlie < Charles (q.v.). Especially:

1. Charlie (= Japanese soldier) slang from World War II < Charlie (= Asian man) [1930] < Charlie Chan, fictional Chinese detective.

2. Charlie (= Vietcong soldier) slang from Vietnam War [1965] < (?) Victor, Charlie, from military communication code for letters V, C, as an abbreviation for Viet Cong.

charm < ^{middle english} charm (= incantation, magic charm) < ^{old french} charme (= magic charm, magic spell incantation, song) < ^latin carmen (= song, verse) < cano [inf. canere] (= to sing).

chart < ^{middle french} charte (= card, map) < ^{medieval latin} c(h)arta (= card, paper) < ^latin charta (= leaf of paper, writing, tablet) < ^{ancient greek} χάρτης | khartēs (= layer of papyrus) < (?) ^egyptian origin.

chase < ^{middle english} chacen < ^{old french} chacier (= to hunt, ride swiftly) < ^{vulgar latin} *captio [inf. captiare] (= chase) < ^latin capto [inf. captare] (= take, hold) < capio [inf. capere] (= take, hold).

chassis < ^french châssis (= frame) < ^{old french} chassiz (= frame, framework) < chasse (= case, box, eye socket) < ^latin capsa (= box, repository) < capio [inf. capere] (= take, hold).

chat < a shortening of chatter < ^{middle english} chateren (= twitter, make shrill sounds [of birds], gossip, talk idly) < cheateren / chiteren < echoic origin.

chateau < ^french château < ^{old french} chastel < ^latin castellum (= castle, fort, citadel, fortified village), a diminutive of castrum (= fort) < ^proto-italic *kastro- (= part, share) < ^I.E. *kes- (= to cut)).

chauffeur < ^french chauffeur (= stoker, operator of a steam engine) < chauffer (= to heat) < ^{old french} chaufer (= to heat, warm up) < ^{vulgar latin} *calefare < ^latin calefacio [inf. calefacere] (= make warm) < caleo [inf.calere] (= be warm) + facio [inf. facere] (= make, do).

chauvinism < ^french chauvinisme < [Nicholas] Chauvin, a soldier who idolized Napoleon.

cheap < ^{old english} ceap (= traffic, a purchase) < ceapian (= to trade) < (?) ^{late latin} cauponor [inf. cauponari] (= to haggle) < ^latin caupo [gen. cauponis] (= petty tradesman, huckster, peddler).

cheat < ^{old french} escheat, past participle of escheoir (= happen, occur, fall due, lapse) < ^{late latin} *excado [inf. excadere] (= fall away, fall out) < ^latin ex- (= out) + cado [inf. cadere] (= to fall).

check < ^{middle english} check < ^{old french} eschequier (= a check in chess, chessboard, chess set) < eschec (= chess game, chessboard, checkmate) < ^{vulgar latin} *scaccus < ^arabic shah < ^persian shah (= king, shah), the most important piece in chess < ^{old persian} xšayathiya (= king) < ^indo-iranian *ksayati (= he rules).

cheek < ^{old english} ce(a)ce (= jaw, jawbone, the fleshy wall of the mouth) < ^{proto-germanic} *kaukon (= jaw).

cheer < ^{middle english} cheer < ^anglo-french chere (= face) / ^{old french} chiere (= face, look, expression) < ^{late latin} cara (= face) < (?) ^{ancient greek} κάρα | kara (= head).

cheers ! < cheero ! (= salute or toast when taking a drink), plural of cheer (q.v.).

cheese < ^{old english} cese / cyse (= cheese) < ^{west germanic} *kasjus < ^latin caseus / caseum (= cheese).

cheetah < ^hindi chita (= leopard) < ^sanskrit chitraka (= leopard, tiger) < chitra-s (= distinctively marked, many-colored) + kayah (= body).

chef < ^french chef < chef [de cuisine] (= head [of the kitchen]) < ^{old french} chief (= leader, ruler, head) < ^{vulgar latin} *capum < ^latin caput (= head).

Chelsea < ^{middle english} Chelchuthe < ^{old english} Chelchede < Celchyth < Caelichyth < cealc (= chalk) + hyth (= landing place).

chemist < chymist (= alchemist) < ^{middle french} chimiste < ^{medieval latin} chimista < alchimista (= alchemist) < alchimia < ^arabic al-kimiya < al (= the) + kimiya (= chemistry) < ^{ancient greek} χημεία | khēmoea (= chemistry) < (?) a compound of Χημία | Khēmia (< ^egyptian Kmt (= Egypt) < kmm (= I am black [(= fertile) soil])) + ^{ancient greek} χυμός | khymos (= juice) (< χέω | kheō (= to pour, cast)).

cherish < ^{middle english} cherischen < ^{old french} chierir (= to hold dear) < chier (= dear) < ^latin carus (= dear, beloved).

Cherokee < Chorakae, natives of North America < ^iroquoian tsaragi.

cherry < ^{middle english} cherry < ^anglo-french cherise < ^{old french} cherise < ^{vulgar latin} *ceresia < ^{ancient greek} κερασία | kerasia (= cherry tree) < κέρασος | kerasos (= cherry tree).

chess < very < ^{middle english} check < ^{old french} esches (= chessmen), plural of eschec (= chess game, chessboard, checkmate) < ^{vulgar latin} *scaccus < ^arabic shah < ^persian shah (= king, shah), the most important piece in chess < ^{old persian} xšayathiya (= king) < ^indo-iranian *ksayati (= he rules).

chest < a merge of: 1. ^{old english} cest (= box, coffer, casket) + 2. ^{middle english} cest (= breast, thorax) [with the ribs as a “box”] < ^{proto-germanic} *kista < ^latin cista (= chest, box) < ^{ancient greek} κύστη | kystē (= box, basket).

Chester < ^{middle english} Cestre < ^{old english} Legacæstir (= city of the legions) < ^latin legio (= legion) + ^{old english} ceaster (= [Roman] town) (< ^latin castrum (= fort, fortified place) < ^proto-italic *kastro- (= part, share)).

chevalier < ^anglo-french chivaler (= mounted knight) / ^{old french} chevalier (= knight, horseman) < ^{late latin} caballarius (= horseman) < ^{vulgar latin} *caballus (= horse) < ^latin equus < ^I.E. *ekwo- (= horse).

chew < ^{old english} ceowan (= to bite, gnaw) < ^{west germanic} *keuwwan (= to chew).

chic < ^french chic (= subtlety, stylishness) < (?) 1. ^german Schick / Geschick (= tact, skill, aptness) < ^{middle german} schikken / schicken (= arrange) or 2. ^french chicane (= trickery) < chicaner (= to pettifog).

Chicago < ^{canadian french} Chicago < 1. ^algonquian /sheka:ko:heki/ (= place of the wild onion) or 2. ^ojibwa shika:konk (= at the skunk place).

chicken < ^{old english} cicen (= young of hen, young of any bird) < ^{proto-germanic} *kiukinam < *keuk- < echoic origin [of the bird’s sound].

chief < ^{middle english} chief < ^{old french} chief (= leader, ruler, head) < ^{vulgar latin} *capum < ^latin caput (= head).

child < ^{old english} cild (= fetus, infant) < ^{proto-germanic} *kiltham (= “child-home”, womb).

chime < ^{middle english} chymbe (= cymbal) < ^{old french} chimbe / ^latin cymbalum < ^{ancient greek} κύμβαλον | kymbalon (= cymbal) < κύμβη | kymbē (= drinking cup).

chimney < ^{middle english} chimney < ^{old french} cheminee (= fireplace, chimney stack) < ^{medieval latin} caminata (= fireplace) < ^{late latin} [camera] caminata (= [room] with a fireplace) < ^latin caminata, female of caminatus < caminus (= furnace, forge, oven) < ^{ancient greek} κάμινος | kaminos (= furnace, oven, brick kiln).

chimpanzee < ^bantu (of Angola / Congo) chimpenzi / kimpenzi (= ape).

chin < ^{old english} cin(n) (= chin) < ^I.E. *genu-₍₂₎ (= jaw).

China < (?) ^sanskrit Cina-s (= the ^Chinese) < ^chinese Qin / Ts’in, an old dynasty of China.

chip < ^{old english} cipp (= small piece) < (?) ^I.E. *keipo- (= sharp post).

Chloe < ^latin Chloe < ^{ancient greek} Χλόη | Khloē < χλόη | khloē (= greenery, grass).

chocolate < ^{mexican spanish} chocolate < ^nahuatl (of Aztecs) chocola-tl (= chocolate) < chocol [(?) 1. related to xocalia (= make bitter or sour) or 2. by influence of ^mayan chocol (= hot)] + a-tl (= water)].

choice < ^{middle english} choice < chois < ^{old french} chois (= a choice) < choisir (= to choose, distinguish) < ^germanic origin.

choir < ^{middle english} queor (= choir’s place in a church) < ^{old french} cuer / quer (= choir’s place in a church, chorus of singers) < ^latin chorus < ^{ancient greek} χορός | khoros (= round dance, dancing place, singers-dancers in a theater).

choose < ^{old english} ceosan (= choose, seek out, decide) < ^{proto-germanic} *keus- < ^I.E. *geus- (= taste, choose).

chord (= related music notes) < a shortening of accord [by influence of corde < ^latin chorda (= string)] < ^{old french} acorder (= agree) < ^{vulgar latin} *accordο [inf. accordare] < ^latin ad (= to) + cor [gen. cordis] (= heart).

chord (= string) < cord < ^{middle english} corde (= string, rope) < ^{old french} corde (= rope, string, twist) < ^latin chorda (= string of a musical instrument) < ^{ancient greek} χορδή | khordē (= string, catgut, chord).

chorus < ^latin chorus < ^{ancient greek} χορός | khoros (= round dance, dancing place, singers-dancers in a theater).

Chris < a shortening of 1. Christopher or 2. Christine / Christina.

Christ < ^{old english} Crist < ^latin [Jesus] Christus < ^{ancient greek} [Ιησούς] Χριστός | [Iēsous] Khristos (= [Jesus] the Anointed) < χρίω | khriō (= to rub, anoint).

Christmas < ^{old english} Cristes mæsse < Christ + mæsse (< ^{vulgar latin} *messa (= eucharistic service) < ^{late latin} missa (= dismissal) < missa, past participle of mitto [inf. mittere] (= let go, send)).

Christopher < ^{late latin} Christophoros < ^{ancient greek} Χριστοφόρος | Khristophoros < Χριστός | Khristos (= the Anointed) (< χρίω | khriō (= to rub, anoint)) + -φόρος | -phoros (= bearer) (< φέρω | pherō (= to carry)).

chroma < ^{ancient greek} χρώμα | khrōma (= skin, color of the skin, color) < χρως | khrōs [gen. χρωτός, χροός | khrōtos, khro-os] (= skin).

chromosome < ^german Chromosom < ^{ancient greek} χρώμα | khrōma (= color) (< χρως | khrōs (= skin)) + σώμα | sōma (= body) [so called because its substance stains readily with basic dyes].

chromium < ^french chrome < ^{ancient greek} χρώμα | khrōma (= skin, color of the skin, color) < χρως | khrōs (= skin) [so called for the colorful tints of its chemical compounds].

chronic < ^{middle french} chronique < ^latin chronicus < ^{ancient greek} χρονικός | khronikos (= concerning time) < χρόνος | khronos (= time).

chronicle < ^{middle english} chronicle < ^anglo-french cronicle < ^{old french} cronique < ^latin chronica, neuter plural of chronicum < ^{ancient greek} χρονικά [βιβλία] | khronika [biblia] (= [books of] annals, chronology) < χρονικά, neuter plural of χρονικός | khronikos (= concerning time) < χρόνος | khronos (= time).

church < ^{old english} cir(i)ce (= place for christian worship, the body of christian believers, ecclesiastical authority) < ^{proto-germanic} *kirika {> ^{old saxon} kirika, ^{old norse} kirkja, ^dutch kerk, ^german Kirche} < ^{ancient greek} κυριακή [οικία] | kyriakē [oekia], κυριακόν [δώμα] | kyriakon [dōma] (= Lord’s [house]) < κυριακόν, neuter of κυριακός (= of the lord) < κύριος | kyrios (= ruler, lord).

ciao < ^italian schiavo (= [your] servant) < ^{medieval latin} sclavus (= slave) (< Sclavus (= Slav) [because too many Slavs sold into slavery] < ^{ancient greek} Σκλάβος | Sklabos < ^{old church slavonic} Sloveninu (= Slav)).

cigar < ^spanish cigarro < (?) 1. ^mayan sicar (= smoke rolled tobacco leaves) < si'c (= tobacco) or 2. [from / by influence of] ^spanish cigarra (= grasshopper, cicada) < ^{vulgar latin} *cicala < ^latin cicada (= tree cricket).

Cinderella < ^french Cendrillon < cendre (= ash) < ^latin cinis [gen. cineris] (= ash).

Cindy < Cynthia < ^latin Cynthia < ^{ancient greek} Κυνθία | Kynthia, an epithet of goddess Artemis, born on mountain Cynthus [of Delos island] < Κύνθος | Kynthos (= Cynthus).

cinema < ^french cinéma < a shortening of cinématographe < ^{ancient greek} κινηματικός | kinēmatikos (< κίνημα | kinēma (= movement) < κινώ | kinō (= move)) + γράφω | graphō (= write, draw).

cinnamon < ^{middle english} cinnamon < ^{old french} cinnamone < ^latin cinna(mo)mum < ^{ancient greek} κιννάμωμον | kinnamōmon < ^phoenician / ^hebrew qinnamon.

circa (= about, near to) < ^latin circa (= around, round about, near) < circum (= round about) < circus (= circle).

circle < ^{middle english} circle < ^{old french} cercle < ^latin circulus (= small ring), a diminutive of circus (= ring, circular line).

circuit < ^{middle english} circuit < ^{old french} circuit < ^latin circuitus (= a going around) < circu(m)eo [inf. circu(m)ire] (= go around) < circum (= around) (< circus (= circle)) + eo [inf. ire] (= go).

circumflex < ^latin [accentus] circumflexus (= bent around) < circumflexus, past participle of circumflecto [inf. circumflectere] (= bend around) < circum (= around) (< circus (= circle)) + flecto [inf. flectere] (= to bend).

circumstance < ^{middle english} circumstance < ^{old french} circonstance < ^latin circumstantia (= surrounding condition) < circumstans, present participle of circumsto [inf. circumstare] (= stand around, surround, occupy) < circum (= around) (< circus (= circle)) + sto [inf. stare] (= to stand).

circus < ^{middle english} circus < ^latin circus (= ring, circular line).

cisgender (= not transgender) < ^latin cis (= on this side of) + ^english gender (< ^{old french} gend(r)e < ^latin genus [gen. generis] (= race, kind, species)).

citadel < ^{middle french} citadelle < ^italian cittadella < a diminutive of ^{old italian} cittade (= city) < ^latin civitas [gen. civitatis] (= citizenship, state) < civis (= townsman).

citizen < ^{middle english} citisein (= inhabitant of a city or town) < ^anglo-french citesein / citezein (= city-dweller, town-dweller, citizen) < cite (= town, city) < ^earlier citet < ^latin civitas [gen. civitatis] (= citizenship, state) < civis (= townsman).

citron < ^{old french} citron (= citron, lemon) < (?) ^{old provençal} citron [by influence of 1. lemon or 2. ^latin citreum (= citron)] < ^latin citrus (= citron-tree) < ^etruscan source.

city < ^{middle english} city < ^{old french} cite (= town, city) < ^earlier citet < ^latin civitas [gen. civitatis] (= citizenship, state) < civis (= townsman).

civic < ^latin civicus (= of a citizen) < civis (= townsman).

civil < ^{middle english} civil < ^{old french} civil < ^latin civilis (= relating to a society, of public life, popular) < civis (= townsman).

claim < ^{middle english} claim < ^{old french} clamer (= to call, name, complain) < ^latin clamo [inf. clamare] (= cry out, shout, proclaim).

Claire < ^french claire, female of clair (= light, bright) < ^latin clarus (= clear, bright, distinct).

clan < ^gaelic clann (= family, stock, offspring) < ^latin planta (= offshoot).

Clara < ^latin Clara < clara, female of clarus (= bright, shining, clear).

clarify < ^{middle english} clarify < ^{old french} clarifiier (= make clear, explain) < ^{late latin} clarifico [inf. clarificare] (= make clear, glorify) < ^latin clarificus (= brilliant) < clarus (= clear) + facio [inf. facere] (= make, do).

clarinet < ^french clarinette, a diminutive of clarine (= little bell) < clarin (= trumpet, clarion) < clair, cler (= clear, brilliant) < ^latin clarus (= clear).

Clarisse < a diminutive of Clara < ^latin Clara < clara, female of clarus (= bright, shining, clear).

Clark(e) < ^{middle english} Clark(e) < ^{middle english} clerk (= priest) (< ^{old english} cleric < ^{late latin} clericus (= priestly) < ^{ancient greek} κληρικός | klērikos (= of the clergy) < κλήρος | klēros (= a lot, allotment of share)).

class < ^french classe < ^latin classis (= class, division, army, fleet).

classic < ^french classique < ^latin classicus (= of the [highest] classes [of the Roman people], superior) < classis (= class, division, army, fleet).

Claude < ^french Claude < ^latin Claudius < (?) claudus (= limping, lame).

claustrophobia < ^latin claustrum (= a bolt, a means of closing, a place shut in) (< claustrum, neutral past participle of claudo [inf. claudere] (= to close)) + -phobia (< ^latin -phobia < ^{ancient greek} -φοβία | -phobia (= fear of) < φόβος | phobos (= fear) < φέβομαι | phebomae (= go away fearing)).

clavier < ^french clavier (= keyboard) < ^latin clavis (= key).

claw < ^{old english} clawu (= claw, talon, hook) < ^{proto-germanic} *klawo (= claw).

clay < ^{old english} clæg (= stiff, sticky earth) < ^{proto-germanic} *klaijaz.

clean < ^{old english} clæne (= not dirty, pure, open) < ^{west germanic} *klainja- (= clear, pure).

clear < ^{middle english} clear < ^{old french} clair / cler (= clear, brilliant) < ^latin clarus (= bright, shining, clear).

clemency < ^latin clementia (= calmness, gentleness) < clemens (= calm, mild).

clementine < ^french clémentine < Clement [Rodier], priest and agriculturalist in Algeria < ^latin Clemens < clemens (= calm, mild).

Cleopatra < ^{ancient greek} Κλεοπάτρα | Kleopatra < κλέος | kleos (= fame) + πάτρα | patra (= homeland).

clergy < ^{middle english} clergie (= office of a clergyman) < 1. ^{old french} clergié (= clerics, learned men) (< ^{medieval latin} clericatus < ^{late latin} clericus (= priestly) < ^{ancient greek} κληρικός | klērikos (= of the clergy) < κλήρος | klēros (= a lot, allotment of share)) + 2. ^{old french} clergie (= learning, knowledge) (< clerc < ^{late latin} clericus).

cleric < ^{old english} cleric / ^{old french} clerc < ^{late latin} clericus (= priestly) < ^{ancient greek} κληρικός | klērikos (= of the clergy) < κλήρος | klēros (= a lot, allotment of share).

clerk < ^{middle english} clerk (= priest) < ^{old english} cleric / ^{old french} clerc < ^{late latin} clericus (= priestly) < ^{ancient greek} κληρικός | klērikos (= of the clergy) < κλήρος | klēros (= a lot, allotment of share).

clever < cliver (= expert at seizing) < (?) 1. ^frisian klüfer (= skillful) or 2. ^norwegian klover (= ready, skillful) or 3. akin to ^{old norse} kleyfr (= easy to split).

cliche < ^french cliché (= stereotype block) < cliché, past participle of clicher (= to click) < echoic origin.

click < imitative origin.

client < ^{middle english} client < ^anglo-french clyent < ^latin cliens [gen. clientis] (= follower, retainer) < (?) 1. clu(e)o [inf. cluere] (= to be called) or 2. clino [inf. clinare] (= to incline, bend).

cliff < ^{old english} clif < ^{proto-germanic} *kliban.

climate < ^{old french} climat (= region, part of the earth) < ^latin clima [gen. climatis] (= region, slope of the earth) < ^{ancient greek} κλίμα | klima [gen. κλίματος | klimatos] (= slope, region, zone) < κλίνω | klinō (= to incline).

climax < ^{late latin} climax [gen. climacis] < ^{ancient greek} κλίμαξ | klimax [gen. κλίμακος | klimakos] (= ladder) < κλίνω | klinō (= to incline).

climb < ^{old english} climban (= rise gradually, ascend) < ^{west germanic} *klimban (= go up by clinging).

clinic < ^french clinique < ^latin clinicus (= doctor in a hospital) < ^{ancient greek} κλινικός | klinikos (= of the bed) < κλίνη | klinē (= bed) < κλίνω | klinō (= to incline).

clip (= fasten) < ^{old english} clyppan (= to embrace, surround) < ^{proto-germanic} *kluppjan.

clock < ^{middle english} clokke (= clock with bells) < (?) ^{middle dutch} clocke < ^{old french} cloque < ^{medieval latin} clocca (= bell) < (?) ^celtic source < imitative origin.

clone < ^{medieval greek} κλώνος | klōnos (= branch) < ^{ancient greek} κλων | klōn [gen. κλωνός | klōnos] (= a twig, branch).

close < ^{middle english} close < ^{old french} clore (= shut, cut off from) < ^latin clausus, past participle of claudo [inf. claudere] (= shut, close, block up).

closet < ^{middle english} closet (= small private room for study or prayer) < ^{old french} closet (= small enclosure, private room), a diminutive of clos (= enclosure) < ^latin clausum (= closed space, enclosure) < clausum, neuter past participle of claudo [inf. claudere] (= shut, close, block up).

cloth < ^{old english} claþ (= cloth, sail, cloth covering) < ^{proto-germanic} *kalithaz (= cloth, garment).

Clothilde < ^french Clothilde < ^german Klothilde < ^{old high german} *klod (= famous) + hild (= battle).

cloud < ^{middle english} cloud (= rain-cloud) < ^{old english} clud (= mass of rock, hill).

clown < clowne / cloyne (= man of rustic manners, boor, peasant) < (?) ^scandinavian source.

club < ^{middle english} club (= thick stick as a weapon) < ^{old norse} klubba (= cudgel) < ^{proto-germanic} *klumbon.

clue < clew (= ball of thread or yarn) [in reference to the “clew of Ariadne”, in ^greek mythology, given to Theseus as a guide out of the Labyrinth in a palace of Crete] < ^{middle english} clewe / cleue < ^{old english} cliewen (= sphere, ball, clue) < (?) ^{west germanic} *kleuwin < ^{proto-germanic} *kliwjo-.

coach (= instructor, trainer) < [slang] coach [for private tutor who “carries” a student through an exam (= covered carriage)] < ^{middle french} coche < ^german kotsche < ^hungarian kocsi [szekér] (= [carriage] of Kocs) < Kocs, a Hungarian village [where this carriage was first made].

coast < ^{middle english} coast (= rib, margin of the land) < ^{old french} coste (= rib, side, slope, coast, shore) < ^{medieval latin} costa (= side, shore) < ^latin costa (= rib, side of a ship).

coat < ^{middle english} coat < ^{old french} cote (= coat, robe, tunic) < ^frankish *kotta (= coarse cloth).

cobra < cobra [capello] < ^portuguese cobra [de capello] (= serpent [of the hood]) [so called for the expandable loose skin about its neck] < ^latin colubra (= snake, female serpent).

coca < ^spanish coca < ^quechua (of Incas) cuca.

cock < [^{old english} cocc (= male bird, rooster) / ^{old french} coc / ^{old norse} kokkr] < echoic origin.

cockney < ^{middle english} cokenei / cokeney (= spoiled child, milksop) < cokene-ey (= cock’s egg) < ^{old english} cocena (= cock’s egg) < coc (= cock) + æg (= egg).

cockpit < cock (< ^{old english} cocc (= male bird, rooster)) + pit (= hole, cavity) (< ^{old english} pytt < ^{proto-germanic} *putt- (= pool, puddle) < ^latin puteus (= well, shaft, pit)).

cocktail < (?) 1. cocktay < ^french coquetier (= egg-cup) [mixed drinks served in an egg-cup] or 2. cocktail [horse] (= [horse] with a docked tail, of mixed pedigree).

cocoa < cacao [by influence of coco] < ^spanish cacao (= the cocoa bean) < ^nahuatl (of Aztecs) cacaua < cacahuatl (= bean of the cocoa-tree).

coconut < coco (= palm tree) (< ^spanish / ^portuguese coco (= grimacing face), on resemblance of its three depressions to a face) + nut (< ^{middle english} note < ^{old english} hnutu < ^{proto-germanic} *hnut- (= nut)).

cocoon < ^{middle french} coucon < coque (= clam shell, egg shell, nut shell) < ^{old french} coque (= shell) < ^latin coccum (= berry) < ^{ancient greek} κόκκος | kokkos (= berry, seed).

code < ^{middle english} code < ^{old french} code (= law-book, system of laws) < ^latin codex (= trunk, book, list, code of laws) < caudex (= tree trunk).

coffee < ^dutch koffie < ^turkish kahveh < ^arabic qahwa(h) (= coffee) < Kaffa, a region of Ethiopia [home of this plant].

cogitation < ^{middle english} cogitacioun (= thought, idea) < ^{old french} cogitacion (= consideration, reflection) < ^latin cogitatio [gen. cogitationis] (= thought, opinion) < cogito [inf. cogitare] (= think, reflect, consider) < com (= with, together) + agito [inf. agitare] (< ago [inf. agere] (= drive, lead, act)).

cognac < Cognac [brandy] < ^french Cognac, a region in France < ^{medieval latin} Compiniacum / Comniacum < ^latin Cominius, a personal name.

cognition < ^{middle english} cognicioun < ^latin cognitio [gen. cognitiomis] (= knowledge, acquaintance) < cognosco [inf. cognoscere] (= to get to know, recognize) < com (= with, together) + (g)nosco [inf. gnoscere] (= know).

cognomen < ^latin cognomen < com (= with, together) + (g)nomen (= name) < (g)nosco [inf. gnoscere] (= know).

Cohen < ^hebrew kohen (= priest) < kihen (= he acted as priest).

cohere < ^latin cohaereo [inf. cohaerere] (= cleave together, be consistent) < com (= with, together) + haereo [inf. haerere] (= adhere, stick).

coiffeur < ^french coiffeur (= hairdresser) < coiffer (= to dress hair) < ^{old french} coife (= inner part of the helmet).

coin < ^{middle english} coin (= a wedge) < ^{old french} coing (= wedge, stamp, piece of money, corner, angle) < ^latin cuneus (= a wedge).

coincidence < ^french coincidence < coincider < ^{medieval latin} coincido [inf. coincidere] (= fall upon together) < ^latin com (= with, together) + incido [inf. incidere] (= fall upon) (< in (= in, upon) + cado [inf. cadere] (= to fall)).

cold < ^{old english} c(e)ald < ^{proto-germanic} *kaldjon < ^I.E. *gel- (= cold, to freeze).

Colin < ^french Colin < Col < a diminutive of Nicolas < ^latin Nic(h)olaus < ^{ancient greek} Νικόλαος | Nikolaos < νίκη | nikē (= victory) + λαός | laos (= people).

collaborator < ^french collaborateur < ^latin collaboratus, past participle of collaboro [inf. collaborare] (= work with) < com (= with, together) + laboro [inf. laborare] (= to work).

collage < ^french collage (= a pasting) < ^{old french} coller (= to glue) < ^{ancient greek} κόλλα | kolla (= glue).

collagen < ^french collagène < ^{ancient greek} κόλλα | kolla (= glue) + -gen (= giving birth to) (< ^french -gène < ^{ancient greek} -γενής | -genēs (= born of) < stem γεν- | gen- of γίγνομαι | gignomae (= be born)).

collapse < ^latin collapsus, past participle of collabor [inf. collabi] (= fall together) < com (= with, together) + labor [inf. labi] (= to fall, slip).

collar < ^{middle english} col(l)er (= neck armor, gorget) < ^{old french} coler (= neck, collar) < ^latin collare (= necklace, chain for the neck) < collum (= neck).

colleague < ^{middle french} collègue < ^latin collega (= partner in office) < com (= with, together) + lego₁ [inf. legare] (= send as a deputy, send with a commission).

collect < ^{middle english} collect < ^{old french} collecter (= collect) < ^latin collectus, past participle of colligo [inf. colligere] (= gather together) < com (= with, together) + lego₂ [inf. legere] (= gather, collect).

college < ^{middle english} college < ^{old french} college (= collegiate body) < ^latin collegium (= community, society) < collega (= partner in office) < com (= with, together) + lego₂ [inf. legere] (= gather, collect).

collide < ^latin collido [inf. collidere] (= strike together) < com (= with, together) + laedo [inf. laedere] (= strike).

cologne < Cologne [water] < ^french [eau de] Cologne (= [water from] Cologne) < ^latin Colonia [Agrippina] (= colony [of Agrippina]), wife of emperor Claudius < colonia (= settled land, landed estate) {> ^german Köln} < colonus (= husbandman, tenant farmer, settler in new land) < colo [inf. colere] (= cultivate, inhabit).

colon < ^latin colon (= part of a verse or poem) < ^{ancient greek} κώλον | kōlon (= part of a verse, clause of a sentence).

colonel < coronell < ^{middle french} coronel < ^italian colonnella < [compagna] colonella (= little column [company]) < ^latin columna (= column, pillar).

colony < ^{middle english} colony < ^latin colonia (= settled land, landed estate) < colonus (= husbandman, tenant farmer, settler in new land) < colo [inf. colere] (= cultivate).

color < ^{middle english} color (= skin color) < ^anglo-french culur / coulour / ^{old french} color (= color, complexion) < ^latin color (= color of the skin, color, appearance) < ^{old latin} colos (= a covering).

Colorado < ^spanish [Rio] Colorado (= [river] Reddish) < colorado (= colored, reddish) < colorado, past participle of colorar (= to color, dye, paint) < ^latin coloro [inf. colorare] (= to color, to get tanned) < color (= color of the skin, color, appearance) < ^{old latin} colos (= a covering).

Colosseum < ^{medieval latin} Colosseum < colosseum, neuter of colosseus (= gigantic) < ^latin colossus (= gigantic statue) [(?) a reference to a gigantic statue of Nero next to this building] < ^{ancient greek} κολοσσός | kolossos (= gigantic statue) [e.g. ο κολοσσός της ‘Ρόδου (= the colossus of Rhode)].

colt < ^{old english} colt (= young horse) < (?) ^{proto-germanic} *kultaz.

column < ^{old french} colombe < ^latin columna (= column, pillar).

coma < ^{ancient greek} κώμα | kōma (= deep sleep, coma).

combat < ^{middle french} combat < ^{old french} combattre < ^{late latin} combatto [inf. combattere] < ^latin com (= with, together) + bat(t)uo [inf. bat(t)uere] (= to cut, beat, fight).

combine < ^{middle english} combine < ^{old french} combiner < ^{late latin} combino [inf. combinare] (= to unite, yoke together) < ^latin com (= with, together) + bini, plural of binus (= two by two) (< bis (= twice)).

come < ^{middle english} come < ^{old english} cuman < ^{proto-germanic} *kwem- < ^I.E. *gwa- (= to go, come).

comedy < ^{middle english} comedy < ^{old french} comedie (= a poem) < ^latin comoedia < ^{ancient greek} κωμωδία | kōmōdia (= a comedy, amusing spectacle) < κωμωδός | kōmōdos (= actor or singer in the revels) < κώμος | kōmos (= company of merry-making young men) + ω_ιδή | ō_idē (= ode).

comet < ^{middle english} comet < ^{old french} comete < ^latin cometa < ^{ancient greek} κομήτης [αστήρ] | komētēs [astēr] (= long-haired [star]) < κόμη | komē (= hair of the head) [so called because its tail is like a hair following it].

comfort < ^{middle english} conforten < ^{old french} conforter (= solace, help, strengthen) < ^{late latin} conforto [inf. confortare] (= to strengthen much) < com (= with, together) + fortis (= strong).

comic < ^{middle english} comic (= of classical comedy) < ^latin comicus (= of comedy) < ^{ancient greek} κωμικός | kōmikos (= pertaining to comedy) < κώμος | kōmos (= company of merry-making young men).

comics < comic strip (= magazine’s strip with comic scenes).

comma < ^latin comma < ^{ancient greek} κόμμα | komma (= clause in a sentence) < *κόπ-μα | *kop-ma < κόπτω | koptō (= cut off).

command < ^{middle english} command < ^{old french} comander (= to order) < ^{vulgar latin} *commando [inf. commandare] < ^latin commendo [inf. commendare] (= recommend) < com (= with, together) + mando [inf. mandare] (= commit, entrust).

commando < ^afrikaans commando (= a troop under a commander) [from 1791, during the Boer War in a South Africa] < ^portuguese commando (= party commanded) < ^{vulgar latin} *commando [inf. commandare] < ^latin commendo [inf. commendare] (= recommend) < com (= with, together) + mando [inf. mandare] (= commit, entrust).

comment < ^{middle english} comment < ^{old french} coment (= commentary) / ^{late latin} commentum (= comment, interpretation) < ^latin commentum, neuter past participle of comminiscor [inf. comminisci] (= contrive, devise) < com (= with, together) + memini [inf. meminisse] (= remember).

commerce < ^{middle french} commerce < ^latin commercium (= trade, trafficking) < com (= with, together) + merx [gen. mercis] (= merchandise).

commit < ^{middle english} commit < ^latin committo [inf. committere] (= to unite, connect, combine) < com (= with, together) + mitto [inf. mittere] (= release, send, throw).

commodore < (?) ^dutch kommandeur < ^french commandeur < ^{old french} comandeor < comander (= to order) < ^{vulgar latin} *commando [inf. commandare] < ^latin commendo [inf. commendare] (= recommend) < com (= with, together) + mando [inf. mandare] (= commit, entrust).

common < ^{middle english} common (= belonging to all, general) < ^{old french} comun (= common, general) < ^latin communis (= common, public, general).

commune < ^french commune (= small territorial divisions) < ^{middle french} commune (= free city, group of citizens) < ^{medieval latin} communia (= that which is common) < ^latin communia, neuter plural of communis (= common, public, general).

communicate < ^latin communicatus, past participle of communico [inf. communicare] (= make common, share, communicate) < communis (= common, public, general).

communism < ^french communisme < commun (= common, general) < ^latin communis (= common, public, general).

compact < ^{middle english} compact < ^latin compactus, past participle of compingo [inf. compingere] (= fasten together, construct) < com (= with, together) + pango [inf. pangere] (= to fix, fasten).

company < ^{middle english} company (= large group of people) < ^{old french} compagnie (= society, friendship, body of soldiers) < ^{late latin} companio (= bread fellow, messmate) < ^latin com (= with, together) + panis (= bread).

compare < ^{middle english} compare < ^{old french} comparer (= compare, liken) < ^latin comparo [inf. comparare] (= liken, compare) < compar (= equal) < com (= with, together) + par (= equal).

compass < ^{middle english} compass (= space, area) < ^{old french} compas (= circle, radius, pair of compasses) < compasser (= go around, measure with a compass) < ^{vulgar latin} *compasso [inf. compassare] (= pace out) < ^latin com (= with, together) + passus (= a step).

compassion < ^{middle english} compassion < ^{old french} compassion (= sympathy, pity) < ^{late latin} compassion [gen. compassionis] (= sympathy) < compatior [inf. compati] (= feel pity) < com (= with, together) + patior [inf. pati] (= suffer).

compete < ^{middle french} compéter (= be in rivalry with) / ^{late latin} competo [inf. competere] (= meet, strive in common) < ^latin com (= with, together) + peto [inf. petere] (= strive, attack).

compile < ^{middle english} compile < ^{old french} compiler (= compile, collect) < ^{medieval latin} compilo [inf. compilare] (= plunder, rob) < ^latin compilo [inf. compilare] (= bundle together, heap up) < com (= with, together) + pilo [inf. pilare] (= compress, ram down).

complain < ^{middle english} compleinen (= bewail, find fault, express dissatisfaction) < ^{old french} complaindre (= to lament) < ^{vulgar latin} *complango [inf. complangere] (= beat the breast) < ^latin com (= with, together) + plango [inf. plangere] (= strike, beat the breast).

complement < ^{middle english} complement < ^{old french} compliement (= accomplishment, fulfillment) < ^latin complementum (= supplement) < compleo [inf. complere] (= fill up) < com (= with, together) + pleo [inf. plere] (= fill).

complete < ^{middle english} complete < ^{old french} complet (= full) < ^latin completus, past participle of compleo [inf. complere] (= fill up) < com (= with, together) + pleo [inf. plere] (= fill).

complex < ^french complexe (= complicated, complex) < ^latin complexus, past participle of complector [inf. complecti] (= encircle, embrace, comprehend) < com (= with, together) + plecto [inf. plectere] (= weave, braid, twine).

complicate < ^latin complicatus, past participle of complico [inf. complicare] (= fold together, involve) < com (= with, together) + plico [inf. plicare] (= fold, weave).

compliment < ^latin complementum (= supplement) < compleo [inf. complere] (= fill up) < com (= with, together) + pleo [inf. plere] (= fill).

component < ^latin componens [gen. componentis], present participle of compono [inf. componere] (= put together, collect together) < com (= with, together) + pono [inf. ponere] (= to place).

compose < ^{middle english} compousen (= write) < ^{old french} composer (= put together, compound, adjust, write) < ^latin com (= with, together) + ^{old french} poser (= to place) (< ^{late latin} pauso [inf. pausare] (= cease, lay down) < pausa (= a halt) < ^{ancient greek} παύσις | pafsis < παύω | pavō (= to stop)).

composite < ^{middle english} composite < ^{old french} composite < ^latin compositus, past participle of compono [inf. componere] (= put together) < com (= with, together) + pono [inf. ponere] (= to place).

compost < ^{middle english} compote (= mixture of stewed fruits) < ^{old french} composte (= mixture of leaves for fertilizing land) < ^{vulgar latin} *composita < ^latin composita, female past participle of compono [inf. componere] (= put together) < com (= with, together) + pono [inf. ponere] (= to place).

compound < ^{middle english} compounen (= put together, mix, combine) < ^{old french} compon(d)re (= arrange, direct) < ^latin compono [inf. componere] (= put together) < com (= with, together) + pono [inf. ponere] (= to place).

comprehend < ^{middle english} comprehend (= understand, include) < ^latin comprehendo [inf. comprehendere] (= take together, perceive) < com (= with, together) + prehendo [inf. prehendere] (= catch, seize) < prae- (= before) + -hendere (= seize, take).

compress < ^{middle english} compress < ^{old french} compresser (= compress, put under pressure) < ^{late latin} compressus, past participle of compresso [inf. compressare] (= press together) < comprimo [inf. comprimere] (= to squeeze) < com (= with, together) + premo [inf. premere] (= to press, h^old fast).

compromise < ^{middle english} compromise < ^{old french} compromis < ^{late latin} compromissus, past participle of compromitto [inf. compromittere] (= make a mutual promise) < com (= with, together) + promitto [inf. promittere] (= send forth, foretell, promise) < pro (= before) + mitto [inf. mittere] (= to release, send, throw).

compute < ^french computer (= count) < ^latin computare (= count, sum up, reckon together) < com (= with, together) + puto [inf. putare] (= reckon, think).

comrade < ^{middle french} camarade < ^spanish camarada (= chamber mate) / ^italian camerata (= a partner) < ^latin camara / camera (= vault, vaulted room) < ^{ancient greek} καμάρα | kamara (= vaulted chamber).

conceal < ^{middle english} concelen (= keep secret) < ^{old french} conceler (= hide) < ^latin concelo [inf. concelare] (= hide) < com (= with, together) + celo [inf. celare] (= hide).

conceive < ^{middle english} conceiven (= become pregnant) < ^{old french} conceveir (< ^latin concipio [inf. concipere] (= take in and hold, become pregnant) < com (= with, together) + capio [inf. capere] (= take, hold).

concept < ^{medieval latin} conceptum (= draft, abstract) < ^latin concipio [inf. concipere] (= take in and hold, become pregnant) < com (= with, together) + capio [inf. capere] (= take, hold).

concern < ^{middle english} concern < ^{old french} concerner < ^{medieval latin} concerno [inf. concernere] (= concern, touch, belong to) < ^{late latin} concerno [inf. concernere] (= sift, mix as in a sieve) < ^latin com (= with, together) + cerno [inf. cernere] (= sift, perceive).

concert < ^french concert < ^italian concerto (= concert, harmony) < concerto [inf. concertare] (= bring into agreement) < ^latin concerto [inf. concertare] (= contest, dispute) < com (= with, together) + certo [inf. certare] (= contend, strive) (< certus, past participle of cerno [inf. cernare] (= separate, distinguish)).

conclave < ^{middle english} conclave < ^italian conclave < ^latin conclave (= private room, chamber suite) < com (= with, together) + clavis (= key).

conclude < ^{middle english} conclude < ^latin concludo [inf. concludere] (= shut up, enclose) < com (= with, together) + claudo [inf. claudere] (= shut).

concord < ^{middle english} concord < ^{old french} concorde (= concord, harmony, agreement) < ^latin concordia (= agreement, union) < concors [gen. concordis] (= of the same mind) < com (= with, together) + cor [gen. cordis] (= heart).

concrete < ^{middle english} concrete (= actual, solid particular) < ^latin concretus, past participle of concresco [inf. concrescere] (= grow together) < com (= with, together) + cresco [inf. crescere] (= grow).

condemn < ^{middle english} condempnen (= to blame, censure) < ^{old french} condamner / condemner (= condemn) < condemno [inf. condemnare] (= to blame, disapprove) < com (= with, together) + damno [inf. damnare] (= to harm, damage).

condense < ^{middle english} condense (= thicken) < ^{old french} condenser < ^latin condenso [inf. condensare] (= make dense) < com (= with, together) + denso [inf. densare] (= make thick) (< densus (= dense, thick)).

condition < ^{middle english} condicioun < ^{old french} condicion (= stipulation, state, social status) < ^{medieval latin} conditio < ^latin condicio (= agreement, stipulation, situation) < condico [inf. condicere] (= speak with, agree upon) < com (= with, together) + dico [inf. dicere] (= speak).

condor < ^{american spanish} condor < ^quechua (of Incas) cuntur (= condor).

conduct < ^{middle english} conduct (= to guide) < ^latin conductus, past participle of conduco [inf. conducere] (= bring together) < com (= with, together) + duco [inf. ducere] (= to lead).

cone < ^{middle french} cone < ^latin conus (= cone, peak of a helmet) < ^{ancient greek} κώνος | kōnos (= cone, spinning top).

conference < ^{middle french} conference < ^{medieval latin} conferentia < ^latin conferens, present participle of confero [inf. conferre] (= bring together) < com (= with, together) + fero [inf. ferre] (= to bear, carry).

confess < ^{middle english} confess < ^{old french} confesser < ^{vulgar latin} *confesso [inf. confessare] < ^latin confiteor [inf. confiteri] (= to acknowledge) < com (= with, together) + fateor [inf. fateri] (= to admit).

confetti < ^{old french} confetti < ^italian confetti, plural of confetto (= sweetmeat) [the small candies that were thrown during a carnival] < ^latin confectus, past participle of conficio [inf. conficere] (= prepare) < com (= with, together) + facio [inf. facere] (= make, do).

confidence < ^{middle english} confidence < ^{old french} confidence < ^latin confidentia (= trust) < confidens [gen. confidentis], present participle of confido [inf. confidere] (= have trust) < com (= with, together) + fido [inf. fidere] (= to trust).

configure < ^{middle english} configure < ^latin configuro [inf. configurare] (= to fashion after a pattern) < com (= with, together) + figuro [inf. figurare] (= to form, shape) (< figura (= a shape, form, figure)).

confirm < ^{middle english} confirmyn / confermen (= ratify, sanction) < ^{old french} confermer (= strengthen, establish) < ^latin confirmo [inf. confirmare] (= make firm, strengthen, establish) < com (= with, together) + firmo [inf. firmare] (= strengthen) (< firmus (= strong, steadfast)).

conflict < ^{middle english} conflict (= battle) < ^{old french} conflit < ^latin conflictus (= a striking together, fight) < conflictus, past participle of confligo [inf. confligere] (= strike together) < com (= with, together) + fligo [inf. fligere] (= to strike).

conform < ^{middle english} confourmen (= comply) < ^{old french} conformer (= agree to, make similar) < ^latin conformo [inf. conformare] (= to fashion, to form, modify) < com (= with, together) + formo [inf. formare] (= to form).

Confucius < ^{modern latin} Confucius < ^chinese K’ung Fu-tzu (= K’ung the philosopher / the master).

confuse < ^latin confundo [inf. confundere] (= to confuse, pour, perplex) < com (= with, together) + fundo [inf. fundere] (= to pour).

congratulate < ^latin congratulatus, past participle of congratulor [inf. congratulari] (= wish joy) < com (= with, together) + gratulor [inf. gratulari] (= give thanks) (< gratus (= agreeable, pleasing)).

congress < ^latin congressus (= a friendly meeting) < congressus, past participle of congredior [inf. congredi] (= meet with, fight with) < com (= with, together) + gradior [inf. gradi] (= to walk) (< gradus (= a step)).

connect < ^{middle english} connect (= join, bind) < ^latin connecto [inf. connectere] (= join together) < com (= with, together) + necto [inf. nectere] (= to bind).

Connecticut < ^algonquian / ^mohican quinnitukqut (= at the long tidal river) < *kwen- (= long) + *-ehtekw (= tidal river) + *-enk (= place).

Connor < Conner < ^{old english} cunnere (= examiner, inspector).

conquer < ^{middle english} cunquearen (= to achieve) < ^{old french} conquerre (= conquer, defeat) < ^{vulgar latin} *conquaero [inf. conquarere] < ^latin conquiro [inf. conquirere] (= search for, win) < com (= with, together) + quaero [inf. quaerere] (= seek, gain).

Conrad < ^{old high german} Kuonrat < kuon (= bold) + rat (= counsel).

conscience < ^{middle english} conscience < ^{old french} conscience < ^latin conscientia (= consciousness, knowledge) < consciens, present participle of conscio [inf. conscire] (= be aware, be conscious) < com (= with, together) + scio [inf. scire] (= know).

conserve < ^{middle english} conserve (= keep safe, preserve) < ^{old french} conserver < ^latin conservo [inf. conservare] (= keep, preserve, guard) < com (= with, together) + servo [inf. servare] (= keep watch, maintain).

consider < ^{middle english} consider (= meditate upon) < ^{old french} considerer (= consider, study) < ^latin considero [inf. considerare] (= observe) < com (= with, together) + sidus [gen. sideris] (= star, constellation).

consist < ^{middle english} consist < ^{middle french} consister < ^latin consisto [inf. consistere] (= stand firm, stop) < com (= with, together) + sisto [inf. sistere] (= to place) (< sto [inf. stare] (= stand)).

console < ^french console (= bracket) < (?) 1. ^{middle french} consolateur (= one who consoles) < ^latin consolor [inf. consolari] (= encourage) < com (= with, together) + solor [inf. solari] (= to comfort) or 2. ^latin consolido [inf. consolidare] (= make solid) < com (= with, together) + solido [inf. solidare] (= make solid) (< solidus (= firm, entire)).

consonant < ^{middle english} consonant (= agreeing, harmonious) < ^{old french} consonant < ^latin consonans, present participle of consono [inf. consonare] (= to sound together) < com (= with, together) + sono [inf. sonare] (= to sound).

consort < ^{middle english} consort (= partner) < ^{old french} consort (= colleague, partner) < ^latin consors [gen. consortis] (= comrade, brother, sister) < consors (= of the same fortune) < com (= with, together) + sors [gen. sortis] (= a share, lot).

conspicuous < ^latin conspicuus (= visible, attracting, striking) < conspicio [inf. conspicere] (= look at, observe) < com (= with, together) + specio [specere] (= look at).

conspire < ^{middle english} conspire < ^{old french} conspirer < ^latin conspiro [inf. conspirare] (= agree, unite, plot) < com (= with, together) + spiro [inf. spirare] (= to breathe).

constant < ^{middle english} constant < ^{old french} constant < ^latin constans [gen. constantis] (= steadfast, faithful) < constans, present participle of consto [inf. constare] (= stand together) < com (= with, together) + sto [inf. stare] (= to stand).

Constantine < ^latin Constantinus < constans [gen. constantis] (= steadfast, faithful) < constans, present participle of consto [inf. constare] (= stand together) < com (= with, together) + sto [inf. stare] (= to stand).

Constantinople < ^{medieval greek} Κωνσταντινούπολις | Kōnstantinoupolis < Κωνσταντίνου πόλις | Kōnstantinou polis (= Constantine’s city) < Κωνσταντίνου, genitive of Κωνσταντίνος (= Constantine [q.v.]), the Roman emperor [who transferred the capital from Rome to the city of ancient Byzantium] + πόλις (= city).

constellation < ^{middle english} constellacioun < ^{old french} constellacion < ^{late latin} constellatio (= a collection of stars) < ^latin constellatus (= set with stars) < com (= with, together) + stellatus, past participle of stello [inf. stellare] (= to shine) (< stella (= star)).

constitute < ^{middle english} constitute < ^latin constitutus, past participle of constituo [inf. constituere] (= fix, place, set in order) < com (= with, together) + statuo [inf. statuere] (= to stand, set).

construct < ^latin constructus, past participle of construo [inf. construere] (= accumulate, build, make) < com (= with, together) + struo [inf. struere] (= to pile up).

consul < ^{middle english} consul < ^{old french} consule < ^latin consul (= magistrate) < consulo [inf. consulere] (= deliberate, take counsel) < com (= with, together) + *selere (= take, gather together).

consult < ^{middle french} consulter < ^latin consulto [inf. consultare] (= consult, take the advice of) < consulo [inf. consulere] (= deliberate, take counsel) < com (= with, together) + *selere (= take, gather together).

consume < ^{middle english} consume < ^{old french} consumer (= consume) < ^latin consumo [inf. consumere] (= use up, eat, waste) < com (= with, together) + sumo [inf. sumere] (= take) (< sub (= under) + emo [inf. emere] (= buy, take)).

contact < ^latin contactus (= a touching) < contactus, past participle of contingo [inf. contingere] (= touch, seize) < com (= with, together) + tango [inf. tangere] (= touch).

contagion < ^{middle english} contagion (= communicable disease) < ^{old french} contagion < ^latin contagio (= touching, contact, contagion) < contingo [inf. contingere] (= touch, seize) < com (= with, together) + tango [inf. tangere] (= touch).

contain < ^{middle english} contain (= restrain, control) < ^{old french} contenir < ^latin continuo [inf. continere] (= hold together, enclose) < com (= with, together) + teneo [inf. tenere] (= hold).

contemn < ^{middle english} contempnen (= slight, spurn) < ^{old french} contemner < ^latin contemno [inf. contemnere] (= despise, scorn) < com (= with, together) + *temno [inf. temnere] (= slight, scorn).

contemporary < ^{medieval latin} contemporarius < com (= with, together) + temporarius (= of time) (< tempus (= time, season)).

contempt < ^{middle english} contempt < ^{old french} contempt(s) < ^latin contemptus (= scorn) < contemptus, past participle of contemno [inf. contemnere] (= despise, scorn) < com (= with, together) + *temno [inf. temnere] (= slight, scorn).

contend < ^{middle english} contend (= engage in rivalry, compete) < ^{old french} contendre < ^latin contendo [inf. contendere] (= stretch out, shoot, fight) < com (= with, together) + tendo [inf. tendere] (= stretch).

content < ^{middle english} content (= rest, be satisfied) < ^{old french} contenter < ^{medieval latin} contento [inf. contentare] < ^latin contentus (= contained, satisfied), past participle of continuo [inf. continere] (= hold together, enclose) < com (= with, together) + teneo [inf. tenere] (= hold).

contents < ^{middle english} contents (= things contained) < ^latin contenta, plural of contentum, neuter past participle of continuo [inf. continere] (= hold together, enclose) < com (= with, together) + teneo [inf. tenere] (= hold).

contest < ^french contester (= dispute, oppose) < ^latin contestor [litem] [inf. contestari] (= call to witness [in court]) < com (= with, together) + testor [inf. testari] (= bear witness) (< testis (= witness)).

context < ^{middle english} context (= composition, chronicle) < ^latin contextus (= a joining together) < contextus, past participle of contexo [inf. contexere] (= weave together) < com (= with, together) + texo [inf. texere] (= weave, make).

continence < ^{middle english} continence (= moderation) < ^{old french} continentia (= repression) < ^latin continens [gen. continentis], present participle of continuo [inf. continere] (= hold together, enclose) < com (= with, together) + teneo [inf. tenere] (= hold).

continent < continent [land] < ^{medieval latin} [terra] continens (= continuous [land]) < ^latin continens [gen. continentis), present participle of continuo [inf. continere] (= hold together, enclose) < com (= with, together) + teneo [inf. tenere] (= hold).

continue < ^{middle english} contynuen (= maintain, preserve) < ^{old french} continuer < ^latin continuo [inf. continuare] (= make continuous) < continuus (= continuous) < continuo [inf. continere] (= hold together, enclose) < com (= with, together) + teneo [inf. tenere] (= hold).

contour < ^french contour (= circumference, outline) < ^italian contornare / ^{medieval latin} contorno [inf. contornare] (= go around) < com (= with, together) + torno [inf. tornare] (= round off, turn on a lathe) (< tornus (= lathe) < ^{ancient greek} τόρνος | tornos (= lathe)).

contra < ^{middle english} contra < ^latin contra (= in comparison with, against) < *com-teros < ^{old latin} com (= with, together) + [comparative suffix] -ter-.

contract < ^{middle english} contract < ^{old french} contract < ^latin contractus (= agreement), past participle of contraho [inf. contrahere] (= draw in, shorten, make an agreement) < com (= with, together) + traho [inf. trahere] (= to draw).

contrast < ^french contraster < ^italian contrastare (= stand out against, strive) < ^{vulgar latin} *contrasto [inf. contrastare] (= stand opposed to) < ^latin contra (= against) + sto [inf. stare] (= to stand).

contribute < ^latin contributus, past participle of contribuo [inf. contribuere] (= bring together, add, collect) < com (= with, together) + tribuo [inf. tribuere] (= to allot, pay).

control < ^{middle english} countrollen (= verify, regulate) < ^anglo-french contreroller (= exert authority) < ^{medieval latin} contrarotulus (= counter, register) < ^latin contra (= against) + rotulus, a diminutive of rota (= wheel).

controversy < ^{middle english} controversy (= disputation) < ^{old french} controversie (= disagreement) < ^latin controversia (= a turning against, quarrel) < controversus (= turned against) < contra (= against) + versus (= turned toward / against), past participle of verto [inf. vertere] (= to turn).

convenience < ^{middle english} convenience (= conformity, state of being suitable) < ^latin convenientia (= a meeting together, agreement) < convenio [inf. convenire] (= come together, join, accord, be suitable) < com (= with, together) + venio [inf. venire] (= come).

conversation < ^{middle english} conversation (= place where one lives, general course of actions) < ^{old french} conversacion (= behavior, way of life, monastic life) < ^latin conversatio (= frequent use, intercourse, conversation) < conversor [inf. conversari] (= live, dwell) (= to be turned about) < com (= with, together) + verso [inf. versare] (= to turn often) (< verto [inf. vertere] (= to turn)).

converse < ^latin conversus (= turned around), past participle of converto [inf. convertere] (= turn around, transform) < com (= with, together) + verto [inf. vertere] (= to turn).

convert < ^{middle english} convert (= a change from one religion to another) < ^{old french} convertir (= turn around, transform) < ^{vulgar latin} *convertio [inf. convertire] (= change) < ^latin converto [inf. convertere] (= turn around, transform) < com (= with, together) + verto [inf. vertere] (= to turn).

convey < ^{middle english} conveien (= go along with, carry, transport) < ^anglo-french conveyer / ^{old french} convoiier (= to accompany, escort) < ^{vulgar latin} *convio [inf. conviare] (= to accompany on the way) < ^latin com (= with, together) + via (= road, way).

convince < ^latin convinco [inf. convincere] (= to overcome decisively) < com (= with, together) + vinco [inf. vincere] (= to conquer).

convoke < ^{middle french} convoquer < ^latin convoco [inf. convocare] (= call together) < com (= with, together) + voco [inf. vocare] (= to call) (< vox [gen. vocis] (= voice)).

convoy < ^earlier convoy (= to accompany for protection) < ^{old french} convoiier < ^{vulgar latin} *convio [inf. conviare] (= to accompany on the way) < ^latin com (= with, together) + via (= road, way).

cook < ^{old english} coc < ^{vulgar latin} *cocus (= a cook) < ^latin coquus (= a cook) < coquo [inf. coquere] (= to cook, prepare food).

cool < ^{old english} col (= not warm, moderately cold) < ^{proto-germanic} *koluz (= be cold).

cooperate < ^{late latin} cooperatus, past participle of cooperar [inf. cooperari] (= work together with) < com (= with, together) + operor [inf. operari] (= to work).

coordinate < ^latin coordino [inf. coordinare] (= to set in order, arrange) < com (= with, together) + ordinatio (= arrangement) (< ordo [gen. ordinis] (= row, rank, arrangement)).

cop (= policeman) < an abbreviation of copper (= policeman) [(?) thieves’ slang] < (?) cop (= seize, catch, arrest) < (?) 1. ^{middle french} caper (= seize, take) < ^latin capio [inf. capere] (= take) or 2. ^dutch kapen (= take) < ^{old frisian} capia (= buy).

Copenhagen < ^danish København (= merchant’s port) < ^danish køber (= merchant) + havn (= port).

copper < ^{old english} coper < ^{proto-germanic} *kupar < ^{late latin} cuprum < ^latin Cyprium [aes] (= Cyprian [metal]) < ^{ancient greek} Κύπριος | Kyprios (= Cyprian) < Κύπρος | Kypros (= Cyprus).

copy < ^{middle english} copy (= written account) < ^{old french} copie < ^{medieval latin} copia (= reproduction, transcript) < ^latin copia (= abundance, profusion) < com (= with, together) + ops [gen. opis] (= power, wealth).

coral < ^{middle english} coral < ^{old french} coral < ^latin corallium < ^{ancient greek} κοράλλιον | korallion < (?) ^semitic origin.

cord < ^{middle english} corde (= string, rope) < ^{old french} corde (= rope, string, twist) < ^latin chorda (= string of a musical instrument) < ^{ancient greek} χορδή | khordē (= string, catgut, chord).

Cordova < ^spanish Córdoba < ^phoenician qorteb (= oil press).

core < ^{middle english} core (= inmost part of anything) < (?) ^{old french} co(eu)r (= core of fruit, heart of lettuce) < ^latin cor [gen. cordis] (= heart) < ^I.E. *kerd- (= heart).

corn < ^{old english} corn (= seed of a cereal plant) < ^{proto-germanic} *kurnam (= small seed) < ^I.E. *gre-no- (= grain).

corner < ^{middle english} corner < ^anglo-french cornere < ^{old french} corne (= horn, corner) < ^{vulgar latin} *corna < ^latin cornu (= horn).

cornet < ^{middle english} cornet < ^{old french} cornet, a diminutive of corn (= horn) < ^latin cornu (= horn, bugle horn).

cornice < ^{middle french} corniche / ^italian cornice < 1. ^latin coronis (= curved line) < ^{ancient greek} κορωνίς | korōnis (= curved object) or 2. ^latin cornix [gen. cornicis] (= crow) < ^{ancient greek} κορώνη | korōnē (= crow).

corolla < ^latin corolla (= garland, little crown), a diminutive of corona (= crown, garland) < ^{ancient greek} κορώνη | korōnē (= crow, anything curved).

corona < ^latin corona (= crown, garland) < ^{ancient greek} κορώνη | korōnē (= crow, anything curved).

corporation < ^{middle english} corporacioun < ^{late latin} corporatio (= assumption of a body) < ^latin corporo [inf. corporare] (= embody) < corpus [gen. corporis] (= body).

corps < ^french corps [d' armée] (= corps [of army]) < ^french corps (= body) < ^latin corpus (= body).

correct < ^{middle english} correct < ^latin correctus, past participle of corrigo [inf. corrigere] (= put straight, set right) < com (= with, together) + rego [inf. regere] (= lead straight, rule).

corridor < ^french corridor < ^italian corridore < correre (= to run) < ^latin curro [inf. currere] (= to run).

corrupt < ^{middle english} corrupt < ^{old french} corropt < ^latin corruptus, past participle of corrumpo [inf. corrumpere] (= destroy, spoil) < com (= with, together) + rumpo [inf. rumpere] (= to break).

corsage < ^{middle english} corsage (= size of the body) < ^{old french} corsage (= bust, trunk, body) < cors (= body) < ^latin corpus (= body).

corsair < ^{middle french} corsaire < ^provençal cursar / ^italian corsaro < ^{medieval latin} cursarius (= pirate) < ^latin cursus (= course, a running) < curro [inf. currere] (= run).

corvette < ^french corvette (= small frigate) < (?) 1. ^{middle dutch} korver (= pursuit ship) or 2. ^{middle low german} korf (= basket, a kind of boat) or 3. ^latin corbita [navis] (= grain [ship]) < corbis (= basket) [because there was a basket up on the mast of this kind of ship].

cosine < co. sinus < an abbreviation of ^{medieval latin} complementi sinus < ^latin complementum (= that which completes) (< compleo [inf. complere] (= fill up) < com (= with, together) + pleo [inf. plere] (= fill)) + sinus (= bend, curve, fold).

cosmetic < ^{ancient greek} κοσμητικός | kosmētikos (= skilled in adornment) < κοσμώ | kosmō (= to arrange, adorn) < κόσμος | kosmos (= order, ornament).

cosmic < ^{ancient greek} κοσμικός | kosmikos (= worldly, earthly, of the world) < κόσμος | kosmos (= ornament, order, world).

cosmopolitan < cosmopolite (= citizen of the world) < ^{ancient greek} κοσμοπολίτης | kosmopolitēs (= citizen of the world) < κόσμος | kosmos (= world) + πολίτης | politēs (= citizen) (< πόλις | polis (= city)).

cosmos < ^{middle english} cosmos (= the universe, the world) < ^{ancient greek} κόσμος | kosmos (= ornament, order, world, world-order).

cost < ^{middle english} cost (= price, value) < ^{old french} cost (= cost, outlay) < ^{vulgar latin} *costo [inf. costare] < ^latin consto [inf. constare] (= stand at, to cost) < com (= with, together) + sto [inf. stare] (= to stand).

costume < ^french costume < ^italian costume (= fashion, habit) < ^latin consuetudo (= custom, habit, usage) < consuesco [inf. consuescere] (= accustom, habituate) < com (= with, together) + suesco [inf. suescere] (= addict) (< sueo [inf. suere] (= addict)).

cot (= cradle) < ^hindi khat (= couch) < ^sanskrit khatva.

cottage < ^{middle english} cottage (= humble habitation) < ^{old french} cote (= hut, cottage) (< (?) ^{old norse} kot (= hut) < ^{proto-germanic} *kutan) + ^anglo-french [suffix] -age (< ^{late latin} [suffix] -aticum (= belonging to).

cotton < ^{middle english} cotton < ^{old french} coton < ^provençal coton / ^italian cotone < ^arabic qutn < (?) ^egyptian origin.

couch < ^{middle english} couch (= bed) < ^{old french} couche (= bed, lair) < coucher (= to lie down) < ^latin colloco [inf. collocare] (= to lay, place) < com (= with, together) + loco [inf. locare] (= to place).

cougar < ^french couguar [by influence of jaguar] < ^portuguese çuçuarana < 1. ^tupi [in Brazil] susuarana < suasu (= deer) + rana (= false) or 2. ^guarani guaçu ara.

cough < ^{middle english} coughen < ^{proto-germanic} *kokh-.

council < ^{middle english} council < ^anglo-french cuncile < ^{old french} concilie < ^latin concilium (= a meeting, a gathering).

count < ^{middle english} count < ^{old french} conter (= count, tell a story) < ^latin computo [inf. computare] (= count, sum up) < com (= with, together) + puto [inf. putare] (= prune, reckon).

country < ^{middle english} country < ^{old french} contree / cuntrede (= region, district) < ^{vulgar latin} *[terra] contrata (= opposite [land]) < ^latin contra (= opposite, against).

county < ^{middle english} county < ^anglo-french counte < ^{late latin} comitatus (= jurisdiction of a count) < ^latin comes [gen. comitis] (= companion, associate).

coup < ^{middle english} coup (= a blow) < ^{old french} coup / colp (= a blow, strike) < ^{medieval latin} colpus < ^{vulgar latin} *colapus < ^latin colaphus (= a cuff on the head) < ^{ancient greek} κόλαφος | kolaphos (= a blow, punch, slap).

coupe < ^french coupe < [carrosse] coupe (= cut-off [carriage]) < couper (= to cut [in half]) < ^{old french} coup / colp (= a blow, strike) < ^{medieval latin} colpus < ^{vulgar latin} *colapus < ^latin colaphus (= a cuff on the head) < ^{ancient greek} κόλαφος | kolaphos (= a blow, punch, slap).

couple < ^{middle english} couple < ^{old french} cople (= married couple) < ^latin copula (= tie, connection).

coupon < ^french coupon (= piece cut off) < couper (= to cut [in half]) < coup (= a blow) < ^{old french} coup / colp (= a blow, strike) < ^{medieval latin} colpus < ^{vulgar latin} *colapus < ^latin colaphus (= a cuff on the head) < ^{ancient greek} κόλαφος | kolaphos (= a blow, punch, slap).

courage < ^{middle english} corage < ^{old french} corage (= heart, temper) < ^{vulgar latin} *coraticum < ^latin cor [gen. cordis] (= heart).

courier < ^{middle english} corour (= a quick horse, messenger) < ^anglo-french courrier < ^{old french} coreor (= a quick horse, messenger) < ^latin curro [inf. currere] (= to run).

course < ^{middle english} course (= motion forward, a race-course) < ^{old french} cors (= course, running) < ^latin cursus (= a running, journey, flow of a river) < curro [inf. currere] (= to run).

court < ^{middle english} court < ^{old french} cort (= king’s court) < ^latin co(ho)rs [gen. co(ho)rtis] (= enclosed yard).

cousin < ^{middle english} cousin < ^{old french} cosin (= nephew, cousin) < ^latin consobrinus (= cousin) < com (= with, together) + sobrinus (= cousin on mother’s side) (< soror [gen. sororis] (= sister)).

covenant < ^{middle english} covenaunt (= a contract) < ^{old french} co(n)venant (= agreement, promise), present participle of covenir (= agree, meet) < ^latin convenio [inf. convenire] (= come together, agree) < com (= with, together) + venio [inf. venire] (= to come).

cover < ^{middle english} cover < ^{old french} covrir (= protect, conceal) < ^{late latin} coperio [inf. coperire] < ^latin cooperio [inf. cooperire] (= cover over, bury) < com (= with, together) + operio [inf. operire] (= to close, cover).

cow < ^{middle english} cu / qu / kowh < ^{old english} cu (= cow) < ^{proto-germanic} *kwon < ^I.E. * g^wo-u- (= ox, cow).

coward < ^{middle english} coward < ^anglo-french couard / couart / ^{old french} coart (= coward) < coe (= tail) (< ^latin coda < cauda (= tail)) + [suffix] -ard (< ^german -hard (= hardy) < ^{proto-germanic} *-hart (= bold, hardy)).

Cox < ^{middle english} Cocks < 1. cock (< ^{old english} cocc (= male bird, rooster)) or 2. cook (< ^{old english} coc < ^{vulgar latin} *cocus (= a cook) < ^latin coquus (= a cook) < coquo [inf. coquere] (= to cook)) or 3. ^welsh coch (= red).

coyote < ^{american english} coyote < ^{mexican spanish} coyote < ^nahuatl (of Aztecs) coyotl.

cozy < cosy (= comfortable, warm) < ^scottish colsie < (?) ^scandinavian source.

cpu < an abbreviation of central processing unit [1970].

crab < ^{old english} crabba < ^germanic origin < ^I.E. *gerbh- (= to scratch, carve).

crack < ^{old english} cracian (= make a sharp noise) < ^{proto-germanic} *krakojan < imitative origin.

cradle < ^{middle english} cradel (= baby’s bed) < ^{old english} cradol (= little bed, cot) < ^{proto-germanic} *kradulaz (= basket).

craft < ^{old english} cræft (= power) < ^{proto-germanic} *krab- / *kraf-.

Craig < ^scottish Craig < ^{middle english} Cragg (= dweller by the steep rocks) < crag (= steep rock) < ^celtic origin.

cramp < ^{middle english} cramp < ^{old french} crampe < ^{proto-germanic} *kramp- (= bent, crooked).

cranberry < ^{american english} cranberry < ^{middle low german} kraanbere < kraan (= crane) + bere (= berry).

crash < ^{middle english} crasschen (= break in pieces, make a clattering sound) < (?) imitative origin.

crater < ^latin crater < ^{ancient greek} κρατήρ | kratēr (= large vessel for mixing wine with water) < κεράννυμι | kerannymi (= to mix).

cravat < ^french cravate (= scarf, cravat) < Cravate (= Croatian) [in 17th century Croats used to wear a scarf] (< ^german Krabate < ^{serbo-croatian} Hrvat (= Croat) < ^{old church slavonic} Churvatinu (= Croat) < churva (= mountain)).

crayon < ^french crayon (= chalk pencil, pencil)) < craie (= chalk) < ^latin creta (= chalk, plaster, pipe-clay) < (?) ^celtic origin.

craze < ^{middle english} cra(i)sen (= to shatter, crush) < (?) ^germanic origin.

cream < ^{middle english} creyme < ^{old french} cre(s)me / craime (= chrism, holy oil) < a blend of 1. ^{late latin} chrisma (= ointment) (< ^{ancient greek} χρίσμα | khrisma (= unguent) < χρίω | khriō (= to annoint)) + 2. ^{late latin} cramum (= cream) (< (?) ^gaulish origin).

create < ^{middle english} create < ^latin creatus, past participle of creo [inf. creare] (= make, build, produce, bear).

credit < ^{middle french} crédit (= belief, trust) < ^italian credito < ^latin creditum (= loan, entrusted thing) < creditum, neuter past participle of credo [inf. credere] (= believe, trust).

creed < ^{old english} creda (= confession of faith) < ^latin credo [inf. credere] (= believe, trust).

creek < ^{middle english} creke < kryk < (?) ^{old norse} kriki (= corner, nook).

creep < ^{old english} creopan (= crawl, slither) < ^{proto-germanic} *kreupanan.

crematorium < ^german Krematorium < ^latin cremo [inf. cremare] (= to burn).

creme < ^french crème < ^{old french} cre(s)me / craime (= chrism, holy oil) < a blend of 1. ^{late latin} chrisma (= ointment) (< ^{ancient greek} χρίσμα | khrisma (= unguent) < χρίω | khriō (= to annoint)) + 2. ^{late latin} cramum (= cream) (< (?) ^gaulish origin).

Creole < ^french créole < ^spanish criollo (= native to a locality) < ^portuguese crioulo, a diminutive of cria (= raised person) < criar (= to raise, bring up) < ^latin creo [inf. creare] (= make, build, produce, bear).

crepe < ^french crêpe < ^{old french} crespe (= ruff, ruffle, frill) < ^latin crispa, female of crispus (= curled, having curly hair).

crescendo < ^italian crescendo (= increasing) < ^latin crescendo, ablative of gerund of cresco [inf. crescere] (= to increase, grow).

crest < ^{middle english} crest < ^{old french} creste (= tuft, comb) < ^latin crista (= tuft, plume).

cretonne < ^french cretonne < Creton, village in Normandy [where it was first made this type of cloth].

crew < ^{middle english} crew (= group of reinforcement soldiers) < ^{old french} cre(u)e (= an increase, military reinforcement) < creue, female past participle of creistre (= to grow) < ^latin cresco [inf. crescere] (= to increase, grow).

cricket (insect) < ^{middle english} cricket < ^{old french} criquet (= cricket) < criquer (= to creak, crackle) < echoic origin.

cricket (game) < ^{old french} criquet (= stick, goal post) < (?) ^{middle dutch} cricke / ^{middle flemish} cricke (= stick, staff).

crime < ^{middle english} crime (= sinfulness) < ^{old french} crimne (= mortal sin) < ^latin crimen [gen. criminis] (= charge, accusation, fault) < (?) cerno [inf. cernere] (= to decide, sift).

Crimea < ^{modern latin} Crimea / ^french Crimée < ^russian Krimm / Krym < ^mongolian (of Tatars) kherem (= strength).

crimson < ^{middle english} cremesin < ^{old italian} carmesi / cremesi (= crimson color) < ^arabic qirmizi.

crisis < ^{middle english} crise / crisis (= decisive state of things) < ^{ancient greek} κρίσις | krisis (= selection, judgment, turning point in a disease) < κρίνω | krinō (= decide, judge).

crisp < ^{old english} crisp (= curly, wavy) < ^latin crispus (= curled, having curly hair).

criterion < ^{ancient greek} κριτήριον | kritērion (= means for judging, standard) < κριτής | kritēs (= a judge) < κρίνω | krinō (= decide, judge).

critic < critick < ^{middle french} critique < ^latin criticus (= a judge, critic) < ^{ancient greek} κριτικός | kritikos (= able to make judgments) < κρίνω | krinō (= decide, judge).

crock < ^{middle english} crokke < ^{old english} crocc(a) (= pot, vessel, jar, pitcher) < ^{proto-germanic} *krogu (= pitcher, pot).

crocodile < ^{middle english} cocodril / cokedrille < ^{old french} cocodrille / ^{medieval latin} cocodrillus < ^latin crocodilus < ^{ancient greek} κροκόδειλος | krokodoelos < unknown origin.

croissant < ^{middle english} cressaunt (= crescent-shaped ornament) < ^anglo-french cressaunt < ^{old french} creissant / croisant (= crescent of the moon) < ^latin crescens, present participle of cresco [inf. crescere] (= spring up, grow, increase).

crook < ^{middle english} crook < ^{old norse} krokr (= hook, corner).

crop < ^{old english} cropp (= protuberance, head of a sprout, top of a herb, bird’s craw).

croquette < ^french croquette < a diminutive of croquer (= to crunch) + [suffix] -ette.

cross < ^{old english} cros < ^{old irish} cros < ^latin crux [gen. crucis] (= stake, cross) [on which criminals were impaled].

cross < ^{middle english} cross (= to the side) < across < [prefix] a- (= on, in) + cross (q.v.).

crouton < ^french croûton < croûte (= crust) < ^{old french} crouste < ^latin crusta (= rind, crust, shell).

crow < ^{old english} crawe < imitative origin.

crowd < ^{old english} crudan (= to press, crush).

crown < ^{middle english} c(o)roune (= royal crown) < ^anglo-french coroune / ^{old french} corone < ^latin corona (= crown, garland) < ^{ancient greek} κορώνη | korōnē (= crow, anything curved).

crucify < ^{middle english} crucify < ^{old french} crucif(i)er < ^{vulgar latin} *crucifico [inf. crucificare] < ^{late latin} crucifigo [inf. crucifigere] (= to fasten to a cross) < crux [gen. crucis] (= cross) + figo [inf. figere] (= to fasten, fix).

crude < ^{middle english} crude < ^latin crudus (= rough, raw, bloody).

cruel < ^{middle english} cruel < ^{old french} cruel < crudel < ^latin crudelis (= rude, unfeeling) < crudus (= rough, raw, bloody).

cruise < ^dutch kruisen (= to cross, sail to) < kruis (= cross) < crux [gen. crucis] (= cross).

crumb < ^{middle english} crumme / crome < ^{old english} cruma (= small fragment, morsel, fragment of bread) < ^{west germanic} origin.

crumble < ^{middle english} kremelen (= to break into small fragments) < ^{old english} *crymelan < gecrymman (= to break into crumbs) < cruma (= small fragment) < ^{west germanic} origin.

crunch < craunch (= crush with the teeth) < (?) imitative origin.

crusade < croisade < ^{middle french} croisade / ^spanish cruzada < ^{medieval latin} cruciata, past participle of crucio [inf. cruciare] (= to mark with a cross) < ^latin crux [gen. crucis] (= cross).

crush < ^{middle english} crush (= smash, shatter) < ^{old french} cruissir < croissir (= to smash, break) < (?) ^frankish *krostjan (= to gnash).

crust < ^{middle english} crust < ^{old french} crouste < ^latin crusta (= rind, crust, shell).

cry < ^{middle english} cry < ^{old french} crier < ^{vulgar latin} *crito [inf. critare] < ^latin quirito [inf. quiritare] (= to wail, to shriek).

crypt < ^{middle english} cripte (= cavern) < ^latin crypta (= vault, cavern) < ^{ancient greek} κρύπτη | kryptē (= a vault) < κρυπτός | kryptos (= hidden) < κρύπτω | kryptō (= to hide).

crystal < ^{old english} cristal < ^{old french} cristal < ^latin crystallus (= crystal, ice) < ^{ancient greek} κρύσταλλος | krystallos (= crystal) < κρύος | kryos (= frost).

cube < ^{middle french} cube < ^latin cubus < ^{ancient greek} κύβος | kybos (= cube).

cuckoo < ^{middle english} cokkou < ^{old french} cocu (= cuckoo) < echoic origin.

cucumber < ^{middle english} cucomer < ^{old french} cocombre < ^latin cucumis [gen. cucumeris] (= cucumber).

cue < Q. [used in theater scripts to indicate entrance of an actor] < an abbreviation of ^latin quando (= when).

cuisine < ^french cuisine < ^{late latin} cocina / coquina (= kitchen) < ^latin coquo [inf. coquere] (= to cook).

cultivate < ^{medieval latin} cultivatus, past participle of cultivo [inf. cultivare] (= cultivate) < ^{late latin} cultivus (= tilled) < ^latin cultus (= labor, cultivation) < cultus, past participle of colo [inf. colere] (= work, cultivate, till).

culture < ^{middle english} culture (= the tilling of land) < ^latin cultura (= agriculture, care, culture) < cultus, past participle of colo [inf. colere] (= work, cultivate, till).

cup < ^{old english} cuppe < ^{late latin} cuppa (= cup) < ^latin cupa (= tub, cask, barrel).

cure < ^{middle english} cure (= care, heed) < ^latin cura (= care, concern, study).

curious < ^{middle english} curious (= eager to know) < ^{old french} curios (= solicitous, inquisitive) < ^latin curiosus (= careful, diligent, inquiring) < cura (= care, concern, study).

curl < ^{middle english} curl < ^{middle english} crull(e) < (?) ^{middle dutch} krul (= curly) < ^{proto-germanic} *krusl-.

current < ^{middle english} curraunt (= running, moving along) < ^{old french} corant, present participle of corre (= to run) < ^latin curro [inf. currere] (= to run).

curriculum < ^{modern latin} curriculum (= a course, a fixed course of study) < ^latin curriculum (= a running, course, career) < curro [inf. currere] (= to run).

c.v. < curriculum vitae (= brief account of one’s life and work) [1902] (< ^latin vitae, genitive of vita (= life)).

curry < ^tamil kari (= sauce, relish for rice, a bite, bit).

curse < ^{old english} curs < (?) 1. ^latin cursus (= a running, journey) < curro [inf. currere] (= to run) or 2. ^{old french} curuz (= anger).

cursor < ^{middle english} cursor (= a running messenger) < ^latin cursor (= runner, errand-boy) < curro [inf. currere] (= to run).

curtain < ^{middle english} curtine < ^{old french} cortine < ^{late latin} cortina (= curtain) < ^latin cortina (= round vessel) < ^latin co(ho)rt [gen. co(ho)rtis] (= enclosure).

curve < ^{middle english} curve < ^latin curvus (= crooked, curved).

custody < ^{middle english} custody < ^latin custodia (= guarding, watching) < custos [gen. custodis] (= guardian, protector).

custom < ^{middle english} custume < ^{old french} costume (= custom, habit, clothes, dress) < ^{vulgar latin} *consuetumen < ^latin consuetudo (= habit, usage, way, tradition) < consuetus, past participle of consuesco [inf. consuescere] (= accustom, habituate) < com (= with, together) + suesco [inf. suescere] (= addict) (< sueo [inf. suere] (= addict)).

cut < ^{middle english} cut < (?) 1. ^{old english} *cyttan or 2. ^{old french} couteau (= knife) or 3. ^germanic *kut-.

cute < ^latin acutus (= sharp, pointed), past participle of acuo [inf. acuere] (= to sharpen).

c.v. < curriculum vitae (= brief account of one’s life and work) [1902] (< ^latin vitae, genitive of vita (= life)).

cyan < cyan [blue] < ^{ancient greek} κυανός | kyanos (= dark blue, lapis lazuli) < (?) ^hittite *kuwanna(n)- (= copper blue).

cyber- < cybernetics < ^{ancient greek} κυβερνητικός | kybernētikos (= able to govern) < κυβερνήτης | kybernētēs (= steersman, governor) < κυβερνώ | kybernō (= steer, pilot, guide, govern).

cyborg < cybernetic + organism.

cyclamen < ^{medieval latin} cyclamen < ^latin cyclaminos < ^{ancient greek} κυκλάμινος | kyklaminos < κύκλος | kyklos (= circle).

cycle < ^{middle english} cicle < ^{old french} cicle < ^{late latin} cyclus < ^{ancient greek} κύκλος | kyklos (= circle, wheel, circular motion).

cylinder < ^{middle english} chilindre < ^{old french} cylindre < ^latin cylindrus < ^{ancient greek} κύλινδρος | kylindros (= cylinder, roll, roller) < κυλίνδω | kylindō (= to roll).

cymbal < ^{middle english} cymbal < ^{old english} cimbal < ^{old french} cymbale < ^latin cymbalum < ^{ancient greek} κύμβαλον | kymbalon (= cymbal) < κύμβη | kymbē (= cup).

cynic < ^latin Cynicus < ^{ancient greek} Κυνικός | Kynikos [a kind of a philosopher] < κυνικός | kynikos (= of dog, dog-like) < κύων | kyōn [gen. κυνός | kynos] (= dog). [cf. the seat of Cynic school was the gymnasium Κυνόσαργες | Kynosarges (= Dog-white’n’black) in ancient Athens, and, also, the opinion for the coarseness of philosophers life, like a “dog’s life”].

Cynthia < ^latin Cynthia < ^{ancient greek} Κυνθία | Kynthia, an epithet of goddess Artemis, born on mountain Cynthus [of Delos island] < Κύνθος | Kynthos (= Cynthus).

cypress < ^{middle english} cypress < ^{old french} cipres < ^{late latin} cypressus < ^latin cupressus < ^{ancient greek} κυπάρισσος | kyparissos (= cypress).

Cyprus < ^{middle english} Cipre(s) < ^{ancient greek} Κύπρος | Kypros.

cyrillic < [Saint] Cyril, a Greek monk [who invented the alphabet replaced the ^earlier glagolitic alphabet for Slavs] < ^{late latin} Cyrillus < ^{ancient greek} Κύριλλος | Kyrillos < κύριος | kyrios (= lord, master) (see church).

Cyrus < ^{ancient greek} Κύρος | Kyros < ^{old persian} Kurush.

czar < ^russian tsar < ^{old slavic} tsesari < ^gothic kaisar < ^{ancient greek} καίσαρ | kaesar < ^latin [Caius Julius] Caesar, a title of emperor of Rome < Caesar, a surname of the Julian gens in Rome.

Czech < ^czech Český (= Bohemian, Czech) < (?) četa (= army).