c

C < latin C (the third letter of the latin alphabet) < etruscan C {instead of ancient greek Γ, γάμμα | ghamma (= gamma), the third letter of the greek alphabet < phoenician gimel (= camel) [its figure, Γ, is the head and the neck of a camel]}.

c. / ca. < an abbreviation of latin circa (= approximately).

cabaret < french cabaret (= tavern, bar) < (?) middle dutch cambret < old french camberete, a diminutive of cambre (= chamber, room) < late latin camera / camara (= vault, vaulted room) < ancient greek καμάρα | kamara (= vaulted chamber).

cabin < middle english cabin (= small house) < old french cabane (= hut, small house) < old provençal cabana < late latin capanna (= hut).

cabinet < middle french cabinet (= small room), a diminutive of old french cabane (= hut, small house) < old provençal cabana < late latin capanna (= hut). [(?) by influence of italian gabbinetto, a diminutive of gabbia < latin cavea (= stall, cage)].

cable < middle english cable (= large rope or chain for a ship) < old french cable < medieval latin capulum (= rope, halter for cattle) < latin capio [inf. capere] (= take, hold).

cabriolet < french cabriolet < cabriole (= a leap like a goat) < italic capriole < capriolare (frisk, gambol) < latin capreolus (= roe deer), a diminutive of caper (= he-goat).

cacao < spanish cacao (= the cocoa bean) < nahuatl (of Aztecs) cacaua < cacahuatl (= bean of the cocoa-tree).

cache < french [canadian slang] cache (= hiding place for stores) < french cacher (= hide, conceal) < vulgar latin *coactico [inf. coacticare] (= store up, collect) < latin coacto [inf. coactare] (= constrain) < coactus, past participle of cogo [inf. cogere] (= collect) < com (= with, together) + ago [inf. agere] (= drive, lead, act).

cactus < latin cactus < ancient greek κάκτος | kaktos (= artichoke).

Cadiz < spanish Cadiz < latin Gades < ancient greek Γάδειρα | Ghadhoera < phoenician gadir (= fort, enclosure).

Caesar < middle english Cesar < Cæsar < latin [Caius Julius] Caesar, a title of emperor of Rome {> german Kaiser, russian tsar} < Caesar, a surname of the Julian gens in Rome < (?) 1. caesus, past participle of caedo [inf. caedere] (= to cut) [because Caesar was said to have been delivered surgically (by caesarian section)] or 2. caesaries (= head of hair) [because he was said to be born with a full hair] or 3. caeruleus (= cyan-gray) or 4. caesius (= bluish-gray) [because of the color of his eyes].

caesarian < caesarian [section] < 1. latin caesus, past participle of caedo [inf. caedere] (= to cut) or 2. [Caius Julius] Caesar, the emperor of Rome [because he was said to have been delivered surgically] < caesus, past participle of caedo.

cafe < french café (= coffee, coffeehouse) < italian caffe (= coffee) < dutch koffie < turkish kahveh < arabic qahwa(h) (= coffee) < Kaffa, a region of Ethiopia [home of this plant].

cafeteria < american english cafeteria < mexican spanish cafeteria (= coffee store) < café (= coffee) (< turkish kahveh < arabic qahwa(h) (= coffee) < Kaffa, a region of Ethiopia [home of this plant]) + spanish -tería (= business place).

cage < middle english cage < old french cage (= cage, prison, hideout) < latin cavea (= hive, stall, cage).

Cairo < arabic [al-]Kahira (= [the] victorius / [the] strong) [the new city built north of the old egyptian Khere-ohe / Khreri-aha (= place of combat)].

cake < middle english cake < old norse kaka (= cake) < west germanic *kokon-.

Calais < gaulish Caleti, a Celtic people [who lived there].

calamari < italian calamari (= squid) < latin [theca] calamaria (= [case] for a pen), female of calamarius < calamus (= reed, a writing pen) < ancient greek κάλαμος | kalamos (= reed) [so called from the ink and the pen-shaped internal shell of the squid].

calcium < latin calx [gen. calcis] (= limestone).

calculus < latin calculus (= a pebble as a reckoning counter, account), a diminutive of calx [gen. calcis] (= limestone).

Calcutta < sanskrit Kali, a Hindu goddess < kali (= black).

caldera < spanish caldera (= cauldron, kettle) < latin caldaria, plural of caldarium (= hot bath) < caldarius (= pertaining to warming) < calidus (= warm).

calendar < middle english calendar < old french calendier (= list, register) < latin calendarium (= account book) < calendae / kalendae (= the calends), the first day of the Roman month < “calo lunam novellam” (= I call out the new moon), a phrase for the appearance of new moon that was announced from the Capitol by the priests < calo [inf. calare] (= call out) + luna (= moon) + novella, female of novellus (< novus (= new)).

calibration < calibrate (= inside diameter of a gun barrel) < middle french calibre < (?) 1. arabic qalib (= a mold for casting) or 2. medieval latin qua libra (= of what weight) < qua, female ablative of quis (= who?) + libra, ablative of libra (= balance).

California < spanish California < (?) a compound of caliente fornella (= hot cauldron) < latin calidus (= warm) + fornus (= oven).

caliph < old french caliphe < medieval latin califa < arabic khalifa (= successor [of prophet Muhammad]) < khalafa (= succeed, come after).

call < middle english call < old norse kalla (= cry loudly, call by name) < proto-germanic *kall- < I.E. *gal- (= call, shout).

calm < (?) old french calme (= tranquility, quiet) / old italian calma (= quiet, fair weather) < late latin cauma (= heat of the midday) < ancient greek καύμα | kavma (= heat) < καίω | kaeō (= to burn).

calorie < french calorie < latin calor [gen. caloris] (= heat).

Cambridge < old english Grontabricc (= bridge on [river] Granta) < celtic Granta (= crooked) + old english brycge (< proto-germanic *brugjo).

camel < old english camel < latin camelus < ancient greek κάμηλος | kamēlos < hebrew / phoenician gamal, gimel (= camel).

camera < latin camera / camara (= vault, vaulted room) < ancient greek καμάρα | kamara (= vaulted chamber).

Cameron < gaelic camshron (= wry or hooked nose).

Camilla < latin Camilla, female of Camillus < camillus (= young man in service of a priest) < (?) etruscan origin.

camisole < french camisole < provençal camisola (= mantle), a diminutive of camisa (= shirt) < late latin camisia (= shirt, nightgown).

camouflage < french camoufler (= to disguise) < (?) 1. camouflet (= puff of smoke, blow smoke in someone’s face) < chault moufflet < chault (= warm) + moufflet (= inflate the cheek) or 2. italian camuffare (= to disguise) < (?) capo muffare (= to muffle the head).

camp < french camp < latin campus (= open field, open space for military exercise).

campaign < french campagne (= open country, campaign) < old french champagne (= countryside, open country) < late latin campania (= level country) < latin Campania, a region in Italy < campus (= open field, open space for military exercise).

camphor < middle english caumfre < old french camphre < medieval latin camfora < arabic kafur < malay kapur (= camphor tree).

can < old english can < cunnan (= know) < proto-germanic *kunnjanan (= be mentally able, have learned) < I.E. *gno- (= know).

can < old english canne (= cup, container) < proto-germanic *kanna < (?) late latin canna (= container, vessel) < latin canna (= reed) < ancient greek κάννα | kanna (= reed) < (?) babylonian-assyrian qanu (= tube, reed).

Canada < iroquoian (= a village of huts).

canal < french c(h)anel (= water channel, tube, pipe) < latin canalis (= water pipe, channel) < canna (= reed) < ancient greek κάννα | kanna (= reed) < (?) babylonian-assyrian qanu (= tube, reed).

canary < french canarie < spanish canario (= canary bird, a bird from Canarii) < Canarias [islas] (= Canarii [islands]) < latin [insulae] Canariae (= Canarii [islands]) < canariae, female plural of canarius (= of a dog) < canis (= dog).

cancel < anglo-french / old french canceler < latin cancello [inf. cancellare] (= to make like a lattice, cross out something written) < cancelli, plural of *cancellus (= lattice, grating), a diminutive of cancer (= lattice, crossed bars) < carcer (= prison).

cancer < old english cancer < latin cancer (= crab, malignant tumor) < ancient greek καρκίνος | karkinos (= crab, tumor).

candid < latin candidum (= white, pure, honest) < candeo [inf. candere] (= to shine).

candle < old english candel (= candle, lantern, lamp) < latin candela (= a light, torch, candle) < candeo [inf. candere] (= to shine).

candy < middle english candy (= crystallized sugar) < old french çucre candi (= sugar candy) < arabic qandi < persian qand (= cane sugar) < sanskrit khanda (= piece [of sugar]) < (?) dravidian kattu (= harden).

cane < old french cane (= reed) < latin canna (= reed, cane) < ancient greek κάννα | kanna (= reed) < (?) babylonian-assyrian qanu (= tube, reed).

canister < latin canistrum (= wicker basket) < ancient greek κάνυστρον | kanystron (= basket made from reed) < κάννα | kanna (= reed) < ancient greek κάννα | kanna (= reed) < (?) babylonian-assyrian qanu (= tube, reed).

cannabis < latin cannabis < ancient greek κάνναβις | kannabhis (= hemp) < 1. scythian origin or 2. thracian origin.

Cannes < french Cannes < (?) pre-I.E. *kan (= height).

cannibal < spanish canibal (= savage, cannibal) < caribal < Caribe < arawakan Carib (= strong), the natives of the islands of Caribbean < (?) kalin(ag)o (= brave / strong men).

cannon < anglo-french canon / old french canon < italian cannone (= large tube, barrel) < latin canna (= reed) < ancient greek κάννα | kanna (= reed) < (?) babylonian-assyrian qanu (= tube, reed).

canoe < spanish canoa < arawakan (of Haiti) canaoua.

canteen < italian cantina < canto (= corner) < latin canthus (= iron rim).

canvas < anglo-french canevaz / old french chanevaz (= made of hemp) < late latin *cannabaceus < latin cannabis < ancient greek κάνναβις | kannabhis (= hemp) < 1. scythian origin or 2. thracian origin.

canyon < mexican spanish canon (= narrow valley between cliffs) < spanish cañon (= pipe, tube, deep hollow) < cano (= tube) < latin canna (= reed) < ancient greek κάννα | kanna (= reed) < (?) babylonian-assyrian qanu (= tube, reed).

capable < middle french capable (= able, sufficient) / late latin capabilis (= receptive) < latin capax [gen. capacis] (= able to hold much, wide, receptive) < capio [inf. capere] (= take, hold).

capacity < old french capacité (= ability to hold) < latin capacitas (= capacity, capability of holding much) < capax [gen. capacis] (= able to hold much, wide, receptive) < capio [inf. capere] (= take, hold).

cape < middle french cap (= cape, head) < latin caput [gen. capitis] (= head, headland) < I.E. *kaput- (= head).

capital < middle english capital < old french capital < latin capitalis (= of the head, capital, chief) < caput [gen. capitis] (= head) < I.E. *kaput- (= head).

Capitol < latin Capitolium, temple of Jupiter on the Capitoline hill in Rome < caput [gen. capitis] (= head) < I.E. *kaput- (= head).

cappuccino < italian cappuccino < Capuchin [monk], so called for the similitude of the coffee’s color with the brown hoods of these monks [< middle french capuchin < italian capuccino, a diminutive of capuccio (= hood) < cappa < latin cappa (= cape, cloak), so called from the long hoods on their cloaks].

caprice < french caprice (= whim) < italian capriccio (= shivering, whim) < (?) 1. capro (= goat) < latin capra (= wild goat) or 2. capo (= head) (< latin caput (= head)) + riccio (= curl, frizzled).

Capricorn < latin capricornus (= horned like a goat) < caper [gen. capri] (= goat) + cornu (= horn).

capsule < french capsule (= membranous sac) < latin capsula (= small box), a diminutive of capsa (= box, case, chest) < capio [inf. capere] (= take, hold).

captain < middle english capitayn (= chief, leader) < old french capitaine (= captain, leader) < late latin capitaneus (= chief) < latin caput [gen. capitis] (= head) < I.E. *kaput- (= head).

caption < old french capcion (= arrest, capture) < latin captio [gen. captionis] (= catching, holding, taking) < capio [inf. capere] (= take, hold).

car < middle english car (= wheeled vehicle) < anglo-french / old french carre < vulgar latin *carra < latin carrus [plural carra], carrum (= celtic war chariot) < gaulish karros (= chariot) < celtic origin.

caramel < french caramel < old spanish caramel < (?) medieval latin cannamellus < 1. latin canna (= reed) (< ancient greek κάννα | kanna (= reed)) + mel [gen. mellis] (= honey) or 2. latin calamus (= reed, cane) (< ancient greek κάλαμος | kalamos (= reed)) + mel [gen. mellis].

carat < middle french carat (= measure of the fineness of gold) < italian carato / medieval latin carratus < arabic qirat (= fruit of the carob tree, weight of 4 grains) < ancient greek κεράτιον | keration (= carob seed, small weight of measure), a diminutive of κέρας | keras (= horn of an animal).

caravan < middle french caravane < old french car(e)vane / medieval latin caravana < arabic qairawan < persian karwan (= group of desert travelers).

caravel < middle french caravelle < spanish carabela / portuguese caravela, a diminutive of caravo (= small vessel) < late latin carabus (= small wicker boat) < ancient greek κάραβος | karabhos (= lobster).

carbon < latin carbo [gen. carbonis] (= coal, charcoal) < I.E. *ker-₍₃₎ (= heat, fire).

card < old french carte < medieval latin c(h)arta (= card, paper) < latin charta (= leaf of paper, writing, tablet) < ancient greek χάρτης | khartēs (= layer of papyrus) < (?) egyptian origin.

cardinal < middle english cardinal < medieval latin cardinalis (= one of the presbyters of the chief (cardinal) churches of Rome) < a shortening of 1. cardinalis [ecclesiae Romanae] or 2. [episcopus] cardinalis < latin cardinalis (= principal, chief) < cardo [gen. cardinis] (= axis, base).

care < old english c(e)arian (= be anxious or solicitous, feel concern or interest) < proto-germanic *karo- (= lament, care).

career < middle french carriere (= road, racecourse) < old provençal / italian carriera < vulgar latin *[via] cararia (= carriage [road], track for wheeled vehicles) < latin carrus [plural carra], carrum (= celtic war chariot) < gaulish karros (= chariot) < celtic origin.

cargo < spanish cargo (= burden) < cargar (= load) < vulgar latin *carrico [inf. carricare] (= load a cart or wagon) < latin carrus [plural carra], carrum (= celtic war chariot) < gaulish karros (= chariot) < celtic origin.

Caribbean < spanish Caribe < arawakan Carib (= strong), the natives of the islands of Caribbean < (?) kalin(ag)o (= brave / strong men) [cf. cannibal].

caricature < french caricature < italian caricatura (= satirical picture) < caricare (= to load, exaggerate) < vulgar latin *carrico [inf. carricare] (= load a cart or wagon) < latin carrus [plural carra], carrum (= celtic war chariot) < gaulish karros (= chariot) < celtic origin.

Carl < old norse karl (= man, male) / middle high german Karl (= man, husband) < proto-germanic *karlon- (= man, husband).

carnation < (?) 1. coronation < middle english coronaciun < late latin coronation (= a crowning) < latin corono [inf. coronare] (= to furnish with a crown) < corona (= crown, garland) < ancient greek κορώνη | korōnē (= crow, anything curved) or 2. middle french carnation (= person’s color) < (?) italian carnagione (= flesh color) < late latin carnatio [gen. carnationis] (= fleshiness) < latin caro [gen. carnis] (= piece of flesh).

carnival < french carnaval < italian carnevale (= Shrove Tuesday) < older italian carne levare (= to remove the meat) < latin caro [gen. carnis] (= piece of flesh) + levo [inf. levare] (= raise, remove).

Carol < medieval latin Carolus < middle high german Karl (= man, husband) < proto-germanic *karlon- (= man, husband).

carousel < french carrousel < italian carusiello < (?) carro (= chariot) < latin carrus [plural carra], carrum (= celtic war chariot) < gaulish karros (= chariot) < celtic origin.

carpenter < anglo-french carpenter / old french carpentier < late latin carpentarius (= wagon [maker]) < latin carpentum (= wagon, carriage, cart) < old celtic *carpentom < (?) gaulish karros (= chariot) < celtic origin.

carpet < old french carpite < medieval latin / old italian carpita (= thick woolen cloth) < vuldar latin *carpio [inf. carpire] < latin carpo [inf. carpere] (= to card, pluck).

carriage < anglo-french / old french cariage (= cart, carriage) < carier (= carry) < late latin carrico [inf. carricare] < latin carrus [plural carra], carrum (= celtic war chariot) < gaulish karros (= chariot) < celtic origin.

carrot < middle english karette < middle french carrotte < latin carota < ancient greek καρώτον | karōton (= carrot) < (?) I.E. *kre- < *ker-₍₁₎ (= horn, head).

carry < middle english carry < anglo-french carier (= to transport in a vehicle) / old french carrier (= to cart, carry) < late latin carrico [inf. carricare] < latin carrus [plural carra], carrum (= celtic war chariot) < gaulish karros (= chariot) < celtic origin.

cartel < middle french cartel < italian cartello (= placard), a diminutive of carta (= card) < medieval latin c(h)arta (= card, paper) < latin charta (= leaf of paper, writing, tablet) < ancient greek χάρτης | khartēs (= layer of papyrus) < (?) egyptian origin.

Carthage < latin Carthago [gen. Carthaginis] < phoenician quart khadash (= new town).

cartoon < french carton / italian cartone (= pasteboard) < french carton (= pasteboard) < italian cartone (= pasteboard) < medieval latin c(h)arta (= card, paper) < latin charta (= leaf of paper, writing, tablet) < ancient greek χάρτης | khartēs (= layer of papyrus) < (?) egyptian origin.

cartridge < cartage (= case of cardboard holding a charge of gunpowder) < french cartouche (= wrapped in paper, a full charge for a pistol) < italian cartoccio (= roll of paper) < medieval latin c(h)arta (= card, paper) < latin charta (= leaf of paper, writing, tablet) < ancient greek χάρτης | khartēs (= layer of papyrus) < (?) egyptian origin.

Casablanca < spanish Casablanca (= white house) < casa (= house) (< latin casa (= hut, cottage)) + blanca, female of blanco (= white) (< frankish *blank (= white, gleaming)).

cascade < french cascade < italian cascata (= waterfall) < cascare (= to fall) < vulgar latin *casico [inf. casicare] < latin casus, past participle of cado [inf. cadere] (= to fall).

case (= state of affairs) < old french cas (= event, happening, situation) < latin casus (= chance, occasion, opportunity) < cado [inf. cadere] (= to fall).

case (= box, receptacle) < anglo-french / old french casse < latin capsa (= box, repository) < capio [inf. capere] (= take, hold).

cash < middle french caisse (= money box) < provençal caissa / italian cassa < latin capsa (= box, repository) < capio [inf. capere] (= take, hold).

cashew < cachou < french acajou < older portuguese acajú < tupi (of Brazil) acajuba (= cashew tree).

cashmere < Cashmere [wool] < Cashmere / Kashmir < sanskrit Kashypamara (= land of Kasyap).

casino < italian casino, a diminutive of casa (= house) < latin casa (= hut, cottage, cabin).

casque < french casque (= helmet) < italian casco < spanish casco (= potsherd, skull, helmet) < cascar (= break up) < vulgar latin *quassico [inf. quassicare] < latin quasso [inf. quassare] (= shake, shatter).

cassette < french cassette (= little box) < middle french casset < a diminutive of old french casse (= box) < latin capsa (= box, repository) < capio [inf. capere] (= take, hold).

cast < middle english cast (= throw, fling, hurl), akin to old norse kasta (= throw).

castigate < latin castigatus, past participle of castigo [inf. castigare] (= correct, purify, punish) < castus (= pure) + ago [inf. agere] (= drive, lead, act).

castle < old english castel (= village, fortress, stronghold) < latin castellum (= castle, fort, citadel, fortified village), a diminutive of castrum (= fort) < proto-italic *kastro- (= part, share) < I.E. *kes- (= to cut)).

castor < old french castor < latin castor < ancient greek κάστωρ | kastōr (= beaver).

casual < middle french casuel < late latin casualis (= by chance) < latin casus (= chance, occasion, opportunity) < cado [inf. cadere] (= to fall).

cat < old english catt (= domestic cat) < proto-germanic *kattuz < late latin cattus (= cat).

cataclysm < french cataclysme (= flood) < latin cataclysmos < ancient greek κατακλυσμός | kataklysmos (= deluge, flood) < κατακλύζω | kataklyzō (= to deluge) < κατά | kata (= down, to) + κλύζω | klyzō (= wash).

catacomb < catacombs < old english catacumbas < late latin catacumbae (= sepulchral vaults) < (?) latin cata tumbas (= near to / at the graves) < cata (< ancient greek κατά | kata (= down, to)) + tumbas, accusative plural of tumba (= tomb) (< ancient greek τύμβος | tymbhos (= grave)).

catalogue < old french catalogue (= list, index) < late latin catalogus < ancient greek κατάλογος | kataloghos (= list, register) < καταλέγω | kataleghō (= reckon up) < κατά | kata (= down, to) + λέγω | leghō (= say).

catamaran < hindi / malayalam catamaran < tamil kattu-maram (= tied wood) < kattu (= tie, binding) + maram (= wood, tree).

catapult < middle french catapulte < latin catapulta (= war machine for throwing darts or stones) < ancient greek καταπέλτης | katapeltēs < κατά | kata (= down, against) + -πέλτης | -peltēs (< πάλλω | pallō (= to toss, hurl).

catastrophe < latin catastropha < ancient greek καταστροφή | katastrophē (= a sudden end) < καταστρέφω | katastrephō (= overturn, trample on) < κατά | kata (= down, to) + στρέφω | strephō (= to turn).

catch < middle english catch < anglo-french / old french cachier (= catch, capture) < vulgar latin *captio [inf. captiare] (= chase) < latin capto [inf. captare] (= take, hold) < capio [inf. capere] (= take, hold).

category < middle french catégorie < late latin categoria < ancient greek κατηγορία | katēghoria (= accusation, prediction, category) < κατηγορώ | katēghorō (= accuse, assert, predicate) < κατά | kata (= down, against) + αγορεύω | aghorevō (= harangue, declaim) (< αγορά | aghora (= public assembly)).

caterpillar < catyrpel < old french caterpilose (= “shaggy cat”, caterpillar) < late latin catta pilosa < catta (= cat) + pilosa, female of pilosus (= hairy, shaggy) (< pilus (= hair)).

cathedral < middle english cathedral [church] < latin cathedra < ancient greek καθέδρα | kathedhra (= seat, bench) < κατά | kata (= down, to) + ‘έδρα | ^hedhra (= seat, chair, base).

Catherine < french Catherine [(?) by influence of folk etymology from ancient greek καθαρός | katharos (= pure)] < medieval latin Katerina < latin Ecaterina < ancient greek Αικατερίνη | Aekaterinē.

cathode < ancient greek κάθοδος | kathodhos (= a way down) < κατά | kata (= down, to) + ‘οδός | ^hodhos (= way, road).

catholic < french catholique < medieval latin catholicus (= universal, general) < ancient greek καθολικός | katholikos < καθ’ ‘όλου | kath’ ^holou (= on the whole, in general) < κατά | kata (= down, to, about) + ‘όλου, genitive of ‘όλος | ^holos (= whole).

cattle < middle english cattle (= property) < anglo-french catel (= property) < medieval latin capitale (= property, stock) < latin capitale, neuter of capitalis (= principal, chief) < caput [gen. capitis] (= head).

Caucasian < latin Caucasus < 1. hittit kaz-kaz, a nation of Black Sea or 2. pelasgian *kau- (= mountain).

cause < middle english cause < old french cause (= cause, reason, case in law) < latin causa (= cause, reason, lawsuit).

caution < middle english caucioun (= bail, guarantee) < old french caution (= security, surety) < latin cautio (= caution, care, precaution) < caveo [inf. cavere] (= to be on one's guard).

cavalier < italian cavalliere < late latin caballarius (= horseman) < vulgar latin *caballus (= horse) < latin equus < I.E. *ekwo- (= horse).

cave < old french cave < latin cavea (= cavity) < cavus (= hollow, concave).

caviar < french caviar < italian caviaro < turkish khaviar < persian khaviyar < khaya (= egg) + dar (= bearing).

CD < an abbreviation of Compact Disc [1979].

Cecil < latin Caecilius < caecus (= blind).

cedar < old english ceder < latin cedrus < ancient greek κέδρος | kedhros (= cedar, juniper) < (?) I.E. *ked- (= give off smoke).

ceiling < middle english celynge < ceil (= put a cover or ceiling over) < old french celer (= conceal, cover with paneling) < latin celo [inf. celare] (= hide).

celebrate < latin celebratus, past participle of celebro [inf. celebrare] (= assemble to honor, publish, sing praises of) < celeber [gen. celebris] (= frequented, populous, crowded).

celestial < old french celestial (= celestial, heavenly) < latin caelestis (= heavenly) < caelum (= heaven, sky) < (?) I.E. *kaid-slo- (= bright, clear).

cell < middle english cell (= small monastery, a monk’s room) < latin cella (= small room, store room) < I.E. *kel-₍₁₎ (= cover, save).

cellar < middle english cellar (= store room) < anglo-french celer / old french celier (= cellar, underground passage) < latin cellarium (= group of cells, pantry, store room) < 1. a diminutive of cella (= small room, store room) or 2. cellarium, neuter of cellarius (= pertaining to a store room) < cella.

cellotape < cellulose (< latin cellula, a diminutive of cella (= small room)) + tape (< old english tæppe < (?) latin tapes / tapete (= carpet)).

cellophane < cellulose (< latin cellula, a diminutive of cella (= small room)) + -phane (< ancient greek -φανής | -phanēs < φαίνομαι | phaenomae (= appear, seem)).

cement < old french ciment (= cement, mortar) < latin cæmentum (= stone chip [for making mortar]) < caedo [inf. caedere] (= cut down, chop).

cemetery < old french cimetiere (= graveyard) < medieval latin cemeterium < late latin coemeterium < ancient greek κοιμητήριον | koemētērion (= sleeping place, dormitory) < κοιμώμαι | koemōmae (= to sleep).

censor < middle french censor < latin censor < censeo [inf. censere] (= appraise, value, judge).

cent < latin centum (= hundred) < I.E. *km-tom (= 100) < *dkm-tom- (= 100) {> ancient greek ‘εκατόν | ^hekaton, old irish cet, breton kant, lithuanian šimtas, old church slavonic suto, avestan satem, sanskrit satam} < *dekm- (= 10).

center / centre < old french centre < latin centrum (= center) < ancient greek κέντρον | kentron (= sharp point, goad, sting of a wasp) < κεντώ | kentō (= to stitch) < I.E. *kent- (= to prick).

century < latin centuria (= group of one hundred) < centum (= hundred) < I.E. *km-tom (= 100) < *dkm-tom- (= 100) < *dekm- (= 10).

ceramic < ancient greek κεραμεικός | keramoekos < κέραμος | keramos (= potter’s earth, tile, earthen vessel, jar).

cereal < french céréale < latin Cerealis (= of Ceres, of grain) < Ceres, an Italic goddess of agriculture < I.E. *ker-es- < *ker-₍₂₎ (= grow).

ceremony < middle english cerymonye < old french ceremonie < medieval latin ceremonia < latin caerimonia (= holiness, sacredness, reverent rite) < (?) etruscan origin.

certain < middle english certain < old french certain (= reliable, sure) < vulgar latin *certanus < latin certus (= determined, sure, true) < certus, past participle of cerno [inf. cernere] (= separate, distinguish, decide).

cf. < an abbreviation of latin confer (= compare), imperative of conferro [inf. conferre] < com (= with, together) + ferro [inf. ferre] (= carry, bear).

chain < middle english chain < old french chaeine < latin catena (= chain).

chair < middle english chaere < old french chaiere (= chair, seat, throne) < latin cathedra < ancient greek καθέδρα | kathedhra (= seat, bench) < κατά | kata (= down, to) + ‘έδρα | ^hedhra (= seat, chair, base).

chalk < old english cealc < latin calx [gen. calcis] (= limestone, small stone) < ancient greek χάλιξ | khalix (= small pebble).

challenge < middle english challenge < old french chalongier (= complain, haggle) < vulgar latin *calumnio [inf. calumniare] < latin calumnior [inf. calumniari] (= to accuse falsely, to slander) < calumnia (= trickery, slander).

chamber < middle english chamber < old french chambre (= room, apartment) < latin camara / camera (= vault, vaulted room) < ancient greek καμάρα | kamara (= vaulted chamber).

chameleon < middle english camelion < old french caméléon < latin chamaeleon < ancient greek χαμαιλέων | khamaeleōn < χαμαί | khamae (= on the ground) + λέων | leōn (= lion).

chamomile < middle english camomille < old french camemile < late latin camomilla < latin chamomilla < ancient greek χαμαίμηλον | chamaemēlon < χαμαί | chamae (= on the ground) + μήλον | mēlon (= fruit, apple).

champagne < french champagne < [vin de] Champagne (= [wine of] Champagne), a province in France < campagne (= open country) < old french champagne (= countryside) < late latin campania (= level country) < latin Campania, a region in Italy < campus (= open field).

champion < middle english champion < old french champion (= combatant, champion in single combat) < late latin campio [gen. campionis] (= gladiator, fighter) < latin campus (= open field, open space for military exercise).

chance < middle english chance < old french cheance (= accident, fortune, the falling of dice) < vulgar latin *cadentia (= [in dice] that which falls out) < cadens [gen. cadentis], present participle of cado [ inf. cadere] (= to fall).

change < middle english change < old french changier (= alter, exchange, switch) < late latin cambio [inf. cambiare] (= barter) < latin cambio [inf. cambire] (= exchange) < celtic origin.

channel < middle english channel < old french c(h)anel (= water channel, tube, pipe) < latin canalis (= water pipe, channel) < canna (= reed) < ancient greek κάννα | kanna (= reed) < (?) babylonian-assyrian qanu (= tube, reed).

chantilly < french Chantilly, a town in France < medieval latin Chantileium < latin Cantilius, personal name.

chaos < middle english chaos (= gaping void, empty) < old french chaos / latin chaos < ancient greek χάος | khaos (= that which gapes wide open, abyss).

chapman < middle english chapman < old english ceapman (= tradesman) < west germanic *kaupman- < *kaup- (= trade, purchase) + *mann- (= man).

chapter < middle english chapter < old french chapitre < chapitle < late latin capitulum (= main part, chapter of a book) < a diminutive of latin caput [gen. capitis] (= head, paragraph).

character < middle english carecter < old french caratere (= feature, character) < latin character < ancient greek χαρακτήρ | kharaktēr (= engraved mark, symbol, imprint on the soul) < χαράσσω | kharassō (= engrave) < χάραξ | kharax (= pointed stake).

charge < middle english charge < old french charge (= load, burden) < chargier (= to load, to burden) < vulgar latin *carrico [inf. carricare] (= load a cart or wagon) < latin carrus [plural carra], carrum (= celtic war chariot) < gaulish karros (= chariot) < celtic origin.

charisma < ancient greek χάρισμα | kharisma (= favor, divine gift) < χαρίζομαι | kharizomae (= to show favor to) < χάρις | kharis (= grace, beauty, kindness) < χαίρω | khaerō (= to rejoice at).

charity < old english charity < old french charité (= mercy, compassion) < latin caritas (= costliness, esteem, affection) < carus (= dear, valued).

Charles < french Charles < medieval latin Carolus < middle high german Karl (= man, husband) < proto-germanic *karlon- (= man, husband).

Charlie < Charles (q.v.). Especially:

1. Charlie (= Japanese soldier) slang from World War II < Charlie (= Asian man) [1930] < Charlie Chan, fictional Chinese detective.

2. Charlie (= Vietcong soldier) slang from Vietnam War [1965] < (?) Victor, Charlie, from military communication code for letters V, C, as an abbreviation for Viet Cong.

charm < middle english charm (= incantation, magic charm) < old french charme (= magic charm, magic spell incantation, song) < latin carmen (= song, verse) < cano [inf. canere] (= to sing).

chart < middle french charte (= card, map) < medieval latin c(h)arta (= card, paper) < latin charta (= leaf of paper, writing, tablet) < ancient greek χάρτης | khartēs (= layer of papyrus) < (?) egyptian origin.

chase < middle english chacen < old french chacier (= to hunt, ride swiftly) < vulgar latin *captio [inf. captiare] (= chase) < latin capto [inf. captare] (= take, hold) < capio [inf. capere] (= take, hold).

chassis < french châssis (= frame) < old french chassiz (= frame, framework) < chasse (= case, box, eye socket) < latin capsa (= box, repository) < capio [inf. capere] (= take, hold).

chat < a shortening of chatter < middle english chateren (= twitter, make shrill sounds [of birds], gossip, talk idly) < cheateren / chiteren < echoic origin.

chateau < french château < old french chastel < latin castellum (= castle, fort, citadel, fortified village), a diminutive of castrum (= fort) < proto-italic *kastro- (= part, share) < I.E. *kes- (= to cut)).

chauffeur < french chauffeur (= stoker, operator of a steam engine) < chauffer (= to heat) < old french chaufer (= to heat, warm up) < vulgar latin *calefare < latin calefacio [inf. calefacere] (= make warm) < caleo [inf.calere] (= be warm) + facio [inf. facere] (= make, do).

chauvinism < french chauvinisme < [Nicholas] Chauvin, a soldier who idolized Napoleon.

cheap < old english ceap (= traffic, a purchase) < ceapian (= to trade) < (?) late latin cauponor [inf. cauponari] (= to haggle) < latin caupo [gen. cauponis] (= petty tradesman, huckster, peddler).

cheat < old french escheat, past participle of escheoir (= happen, occur, fall due, lapse) < late latin *excado [inf. excadere] (= fall away, fall out) < latin ex- (= out) + cado [inf. cadere] (= to fall).

check < middle english check < old french eschequier (= a check in chess, chessboard, chess set) < eschec (= chess game, chessboard, checkmate) < vulgar latin *scaccus < arabic shah < persian shah (= king, shah), the most important piece in chess < old persia xšayathiya (= king) < indo-iranian *ksayati (= he rules).

cheek < old english ce(a)ce (= jaw, jawbone, the fleshy wall of the mouth) < proto-germanic *kaukon (= jaw).

cheer < middle english cheer < anglo-french chere (= face) / old french chiere (= face, look, expression) < late latin cara (= face) < (?) ancient greek κάρα | kara (= head).

cheers ! < cheero ! (= salute or toast when taking a drink), plural of cheer (q.v.).

cheese < old english cese / cyse (= cheese) < west germanic *kasjus < latin caseus / caseum (= cheese).

cheetah < hindi chita (= leopard) < sanskrit chitraka (= leopard, tiger) < chitra-s (= distinctively marked, many-colored) + kayah (= body).

chef < french chef < chef [de cuisine] (= head [of the kitchen]) < old french chief (= leader, ruler, head) < vulgar latin *capum < latin caput (= head).

Chelsea < middle english Chelchuthe < old english Chelchede < Celchyth < Caelichyth < cealc (= chalk) + hyth (= landing place).

chemist < chymist (= alchemist) < middle french chimiste < medieval latin chimista < alchimista (= alchemist) < alchimia < arabic al-kimiya < al (= the) + kimiya (= chemistry) < ancient greek χημεία | khēmoea (= chemistry) < (?) a compound of Χημία | Khēmia (< egyptian Kmt (= Egypt) < kmm (= I am black [(= fertile) soil])) + ancient greek χυμός | khymos (= juice) (< χέω | kheō (= to pour, cast)).

cherish < middle english cherischen < old french chierir (= to hold dear) < chier (= dear) < latin carus (= dear, beloved).

Cherokee < Chorakae, natives of North America < iroquoian tsaragi.

cherry < middle english cherry < anglo-french cherise < old french cherise < vulgar latin *ceresia < ancient greek κερασία | kerasia (= cherry tree) < κέρασος | kerasos (= cherry tree).

chess < very < middle english check < old french esches (= chessmen), plural of eschec (= chess game, chessboard, checkmate) < vulgar latin *scaccus < arabic shah < persian shah (= king, shah), the most important piece in chess < old persia xšayathiya (= king) < indo-iranian *ksayati (= he rules).

chest < a merge of: 1. old english cest (= box, coffer, casket) + 2. middle english cest (= breast, thorax) [with the ribs as a “box”] < proto-germanic *kista < latin cista (= chest, box) < ancient greek κύστη | kystē (= box, basket).

Chester < middle english Cestre < old english Legacæstir (= city of the legions) < latin legio (= legion) + old english ceaster (= [Roman] town) (< latin castrum (= fort, fortified place) < proto-italic *kastro- (= part, share)).

chevalier < anglo-french chivaler (= mounted knight) / old french chevalier (= knight, horseman) < late latin caballarius (= horseman) < vulgar latin *caballus (= horse) < latin equus < I.E. *ekwo- (= horse).

chew < old english ceowan (= to bite, gnaw) < west germanic *keuwwan (= to chew).

chic < french chic (= subtlety, stylishness) < (?) 1. german Schick / Geschick (= tact, skill, aptness) < middle german schikken / schicken (= arrange) or 2. french chicane (= trickery) < chicaner (= to pettifog).

Chicago < canadian french Chicago < 1. algonquian /sheka:ko:heki/ (= place of the wild onion) or 2. ojibwa shika:konk (= at the skunk place).

chicken < old english cicen (= young of hen, young of any bird) < proto-germanic *kiukinam < *keuk- < echoic origin [of the bird’s sound].

chief < middle english chief < old french chief (= leader, ruler, head) < vulgar latin *capum < latin caput (= head).

child < old english cild (= fetus, infant) < proto-germanic *kiltham (= “child-home”, womb).

chime < middle english chymbe (= cymbal) < old french chimbe / latin cymbalum < ancient greek κύμβαλον | kymbhalon (= cymbal) < κύμβη | kymbhē (= drinking cup).

chimney < middle english chimney < old french cheminee (= fireplace, chimney stack) < medieval latin caminata (= fireplace) < late latin [camera] caminata (= [room] with a fireplace) < latin caminata, female of caminatus < caminus (= furnace, forge, oven) < ancient greek κάμινος | kaminos (= furnace, oven, brick kiln).

chimpanzee < bantu (of Angola / Congo) chimpenzi / kimpenzi (= ape).

chin < old english cin(n) (= chin) < I.E. *genu-₍₂₎ (= jaw).

China < (?) sanskrit Cina-s (= the Chinese) < chinese Qin / Ts’in, an old dynasty of China.

chip < old english cipp (= small piece) < (?) I.E. *keipo- (= sharp post).

Chloe < latin Chloe < ancient greek Χλόη | Khloē < χλόη | khloē (= greenery, grass) < I.E. *ghlo- < *ghel-₍₂₎ (= shine).

chocolate < mexican spanish chocolate < nahuatl (of Aztecs) chocola-tl (= chocolate) < chocol [(?) 1. related to xocalia (= make bitter or sour) or 2. by influence of mayan chocol (= hot)] + a-tl (= water)].

choice < middle english choice < chois < old french chois (= a choice) < choisir (= to choose, distinguish) < germanic origin.

choir < middle english queor (= choir’s place in a church) < old french cuer / quer (= choir’s place in a church, chorus of singers) < latin chorus < ancient greek χορός | khoros (= round dance, dancing place, singers-dancers in a theater).

choose < old english ceosan (= choose, seek out, decide) < proto-germanic *keus- < I.E. *geus- (= taste, choose).

chord (= related music notes) < a shortening of accord [by influence of corde < latin chorda (= string)] < old french acorder (= agree) < vulgar latin *accordο [inf. accordare] < latin ad (= to) + cor [gen. cordis] (= heart).

chord (= string) < cord < middle english corde (= string, rope) < old french corde (= rope, string, twist) < latin chorda (= string of a musical instrument) < ancient greek χορδή | khordhē (= string, catgut, chord).

chorus < latin chorus < ancient greek χορός | khoros (= round dance, dancing place, singers-dancers in a theater).

Chris < a shortening of 1. Christopher or 2. Christine / Christina.

Christ < old english Crist < latin [Jesus] Christus < ancient greek [Ιησούς] Χριστός | [Iēsous] Khristos (= [Jesus] the Anointed) < χρίω | khriō (= to rub, anoint) < I.E. *ghrei- (= to rub).

Christmas < old english Cristes mæsse < Christ + mæsse (< vulgar latin *messa (= eucharistic service) < late latin missa (= dismissal) < missa, past participle of mitto [inf. mittere] (= let go, send)).

Christopher < late latin Christophoros < ancient greek Χριστοφόρος | Khristophoros < Χριστός | Khristos (= the Anointed) (< χρίω | khriō (= to rub, anoint)) + φόρος | phoros (= bearer) (< φέρω | pherō (= to carry)).

chroma < ancient greek χρώμα | khrōma (= skin, color of the skin, color) < χρως | khrōs [gen. χρωτός, χροός | khrōtos, khro-os] (= skin).

chromosome < german Chromosom < ancient greek χρώμα | khrōma (= color) (< χρως | khrōs (= skin)) + σώμα | sōma (= body) [so called because its substance stains readily with basic dyes].

chromium < french chrome < ancient greek χρώμα | khrōma (= skin, color of the skin, color) < χρως | khrōs (= skin) [so called for the colorful tints of its chemical compounds].

chronic < middle french chronique < latin chronicus < ancient greek χρονικός | khronikos (= concerning time) < χρόνος | khronos (= time).

chronicle < middle english chronicle < anglo-french cronicle < old french cronique < latin chronica, neuter plural of chronicum < ancient greek χρονικά [βιβλία] | khronika [bhibhlia] (= [books of] annals, chronology) < χρονικά, neuter plural of χρονικός | khronikos (= concerning time) < χρόνος | khronos (= time).

church < old english cir(i)ce (= place for christian worship, the body of christian believers, ecclesiastical authority) < proto-germanic *kirika {> old saxon kirika, old norse kirkja, dutch kerk, german Kirche} < ancient greek κυριακή [οικία] | kyriakē [oekia], κυριακόν [δώμα] | kyriakon [dhōma] (= Lord’s [house]) < κυριακόν, neuter of κυριακός (= of the lord) < κύριος | kyrios (= ruler, lord).

ciao < italian schiavo (= [your] servant) < medieval latin sclavus (= slave) (< Sclavus (= Slav) [because too many Slavs sold into slavery] < ancient greek Σκλάβος | Sklabhos < old church slavonic Sloveninu (= Slav)).

cigar < spanish cigarro < (?) 1. maya sicar (= smoke rolled tobacco leaves) < si'c (= tobacco) or 2. [from / by influence of] spanish cigarra (= grasshopper, cicada) < vulgar latin *cicala < latin cicada (= tree cricket).

Cinderella < french Cendrillon < cendre (= ash) < latin cinis [gen. cineris] (= ash).

Cindy < Cynthia < latin Cynthia < ancient greek Κυνθία | Kynthia, an epithet of goddess Artemis, born on mountain Cynthus [of Delos island] < Κύνθος | Kynthos (= Cynthus).

cinema < french cinéma < a shortening of cinématographe < ancient greek κινηματικός | kinēmatikos (< κίνημα | kinēma (= movement) < κινώ | kinō (= move)) + γράφω | graphō (= write, draw).

cinnamon < middle english cinnamon < old french cinnamone < latin cinna(mo)mum < ancient greek κιννάμωμον | kinnamōmon < phoenician / hebrew qinnamon.

circa (= about, near to) < latin circa (= around, round about, near) < circum (= round about) < circus (= circle).

circle < middle english circle < old french cercle < latin circulus (= small ring), a diminutive of circus (= ring, circular line).

circuit < middle english circuit < old french circuit < latin circuitus (= a going around) < circu(m)eo [inf. circu(m)ire] (= go around) < circum (= around) (< circus (= circle)) + eo [inf. ire] (= go).

circumflex < latin [accentus] circumflexus (= bent around) < circumflexus, past participle of circumflecto [inf. circumflectere] (= bend around) < circum (= around) (< circus (= circle)) + flecto [inf. flectere] (= to bend).

circumstance < middle english circumstance < old french circonstance < latin circumstantia (= surrounding condition) < circumstans, present participle of circumsto [inf. circumstare] (= stand around, surround, occupy) < circum (= around) (< circus (= circle)) + sto [inf. stare] (= to stand).

circus < middle english circus < latin circus (= ring, circular line).

cisgender (= not transgender) < latin cis (= on this side of) + english gender (< old french gend(r)e < latin genus [gen. generis] (= race, kind, species)).

citadel < middle french citadelle < italian cittadella < a diminutive of old italian cittade (= city) < latin civitas [gen. civitatis] (= citizenship, state) < civis (= townsman).

citizen < middle english citisein (= inhabitant of a city or town) < anglo-french citesein / citezein (= city-dweller, town-dweller, citizen) < cite (= town, city) < earlier citet < latin civitas [gen. civitatis] (= citizenship, state) < civis (= townsman).

citron < old french citron (= citron, lemon) < (?) old provençal citron [by influence of 1. lemon or 2. latin citreum (= citron)] < latin citrus (= citron-tree) < etruscan source.

city < middle english city < old french cite (= town, city) < earlier citet < latin civitas [gen. civitatis] (= citizenship, state) < civis (= townsman).

civic < latin civicus (= of a citizen) < civis (= townsman).

civil < middle english civil < old french civil < latin civilis (= relating to a society, of public life, popular) < civis (= townsman).

claim < middle english claim < old french clamer (= to call, name, complain) < latin clamo [inf. clamare] (= cry out, shout, proclaim).

Claire < french claire, female of clair (= light, bright) < latin clarus (= clear, bright, distinct).

clan < gaelic clann (= family, stock, offspring) < latin planta (= offshoot).

Clara < latin Clara < clara, female of clarus (= bright, shining, clear).

clarify < middle english clarify < old french clarifiier (= make clear, explain) < late latin clarifico [inf. clarificare] (= make clear, glorify) < latin clarificus (= brilliant) < clarus (= clear) + facio [inf. facere] (= make, do).

clarinet < french clarinette, a diminutive of clarine (= little bell) < clarin (= trumpet, clarion) < clair, cler (= clear, brilliant) < latin clarus (= clear).

Clarisse < a diminutive of Clara < latin Clara < clara, female of clarus (= bright, shining, clear).

Clark(e) < middle english Clark(e) < middle english clerk (= priest) (< old english cleric < late latin clericus (= priestly) < ancient greek κληρικός | klērikos (= of the clergy) < κλήρος | klēros (= a lot, allotment of share)).

class < french classe < latin classis (= class, division, army, fleet).

classic < french classique < latin classicus (= of the [highest] classes [of the Roman people], superior) < classis (= class, division, army, fleet).

Claude < french Claude < latin Claudius < (?) claudus (= limping, lame).

claustrophobia < latin claustrum (= a bolt, a means of closing, a place shut in) (< claustrum, neutral past participle of claudo [inf. claudere] (= to close)) + -phobia (< latin -phobia < ancient greek -φοβία | -phobhia (= fear of) < φόβος | phobhos (= fear) < φέβομαι | phebhomae (= go away fearing)).

clavier < french clavier (= keyboard) < latin clavis (= key).

claw < old english clawu (= claw, talon, hook) < proto-germanic *klawo (= claw).

clay < old english clæg (= stiff, sticky earth) < proto-germanic *klaijaz.

clean < old english clæne (= not dirty, pure, open) < west germanic *klainja- (= clear, pure).

clear < middle english clear < old french clair / cler (= clear, brilliant) < latin clarus (= bright, shining, clear).

clemency < latin clementia (= calmness, gentleness) < clemens (= calm, mild).

clementine < french clémentine < Clement [Rodier], priest and agriculturalist in Algeria < latin Clemens < clemens (= calm, mild).

Cleopatra < ancient greek Κλεοπάτρα | Kleopatra < κλέος | kleos (= fame) + πάτρα | patra (= homeland).

clergy < middle english clergie (= office of a clergyman) < 1. old french clergié (= clerics, learned men) (< medieval latin clericatus < late latin clericus (= priestly) < ancient greek κληρικός | klērikos (= of the clergy) < κλήρος | klēros (= a lot, allotment of share)) + 2. old french clergie (= learning, knowledge) (< clerc < late latin clericus).

cleric < old english cleric / old french clerc < late latin clericus (= priestly) < ancient greek κληρικός | klērikos (= of the clergy) < κλήρος | klēros (= a lot, allotment of share).

clerk < middle english clerk (= priest) < old english cleric / old french clerc < late latin clericus (= priestly) < ancient greek κληρικός | klērikos (= of the clergy) < κλήρος | klēros (= a lot, allotment of share).

clever < cliver (= expert at seizing) < (?) 1. frisian klüfer (= skillful) or 2. norwegian klover (= ready, skillful) or 3. akin to old norse kleyfr (= easy to split).

cliche < french cliché (= stereotype block) < cliché, past participle of clicher (= to click) < echoic origin.

click < imitative origin.

client < middle english client < anglo-french clyent < latin cliens [gen. clientis] (= follower, retainer) < (?) 1. clu(e)o [inf. cluere] (= to be called) or 2. clino [inf. clinare] (= to incline, bend).

cliff < old english clif < proto-germanic *kliban.

climate < old french climat (= region, part of the earth) < latin clima [gen. climatis] (= region, slope of the earth) < ancient greek κλίμα | klima [gen. κλίματος | klimatos] (= slope, region, zone) < κλίνω | klinō (= to incline).

climax < late latin climax [gen. climacis] < ancient greek κλίμαξ | klimax [gen. κλίμακος | klimakos] (= ladder) < κλίνω | klinō (= to incline).

climb < old english climban (= rise gradually, ascend) < west germanic *klimban (= go up by clinging).

clinic < french clinique < latin clinicus (= doctor in a hospital) < ancient greek κλινικός | klinikos (= of the bed) < κλίνη | klinē (= bed) < κλίνω | klinō (= to incline).

clip (= fasten) < old english clyppan (= to embrace, surround) < proto-germanic *kluppjan.

clock < middle english clokke (= clock with bells) < (?) middle dutch clocke < old french cloque < medieval latin clocca (= bell) < (?) celtic source < imitative origin.

clone < medieval greek κλώνος | klōnos (= branch) < ancient greek κλων | klōn [gen. κλωνός | klōnos] (= a twig, branch).

close < middle english close < old french clore (= shut, cut off from) < latin clausus, past participle of claudo [inf. claudere] (= shut, close, block up).

closet < middle english closet (= small private room for study or prayer) < old french closet (= small enclosure, private room), a diminutive of clos (= enclosure) < latin clausum (= closed space, enclosure) < clausum, neuter past participle of claudo [inf. claudere] (= shut, close, block up).

cloth < old english claþ (= cloth, sail, cloth covering) < proto-germanic *kalithaz (= cloth, garment).

Clothilde < french Clothilde < german Klothilde < old high german *klod (= famous) + hild (= battle).

cloud < middle english cloud (= rain-cloud) < old english clud (= mass of rock, hill).

clown < clowne / cloyne (= man of rustic manners, boor, peasant) < (?) scandinavian source.

club < middle english club (= thick stick as a weapon) < old norse klubba (= cudgel) < proto-germanic *klumbon.

clue < clew (= ball of thread or yarn) [in reference to the “clew of Ariadne”, in greek mythology, given to Theseus as a guide out of the Labyrinth in a palace of Crete] < middle english clewe / cleue < old english cliewen (= sphere, ball, clue) < (?) west germanic *kleuwin < proto-germanic *kliwjo-.

coach (= instructor, trainer) < [slang] coach [for private tutor who “carries” a student through an exam (= covered carriage)] < middle french coche < german kotsche < hungarian kocsi [szekér] (= [carriage] of Kocs) < Kocs, a Hungarian village [where this carriage was first made].

coast < middle english coast (= rib, margin of the land) < old french coste (= rib, side, slope, coast, shore) < medieval latin costa (= side, shore) < latin costa (= rib, side of a ship).

coat < middle english coat < old french cote (= coat, robe, tunic) < frankish *kotta (= coarse cloth).

cobra < cobra [capello] < portuguese cobra [de capello] (= serpent [of the hood]) [so called for the expandable loose skin about its neck] < latin colubra (= snake, female serpent).

coca < spanish coca < quechua (of Incas) cuca.

cock < [old english cocc (= male bird, rooster) / old french coc / old norse kokkr] < echoic origin.

cockney < middle english cokenei / cokeney (= spoiled child, milksop) < cokene-ey (= cock’s egg) < old english cocena (= cock’s egg) < coc (= cock) + æg (= egg).

cockpit < cock (< old english cocc (= male bird, rooster)) + pit (= hole, cavity) (< old english pytt < proto-germanic *putt- (= pool, puddle) < latin puteus (= well, shaft, pit)).

cocktail < (?) 1. cocktay < french coquetier (= egg-cup) [mixed drinks served in an egg-cup] or 2. cocktail [horse] (= [horse] with a docked tail, of mixed pedigree).

cocoa < cacao [by influence of coco] < spanish cacao (= the cocoa bean) < nahuatl (of Aztecs) cacaua < cacahuatl (= bean of the cocoa-tree).

coconut < coco (= palm tree) (< spanish / portuguese coco (= grimacing face), on resemblance of its three depressions to a face) + nut (< middle english note < old english hnutu < proto-germanic *hnut- (= nut)).

cocoon < middle french coucon < coque (= clam shell, egg shell, nut shell) < old french coque (= shell) < latin coccum (= berry) < ancient greek κόκκος | kokkos (= berry, seed).

code < middle english code < old french code (= law-book, system of laws) < latin codex (= trunk, book, list, code of laws) < caudex (= tree trunk).

coffee < dutch koffie < turkish kahveh < arabic qahwa(h) (= coffee) < Kaffa, a region of Ethiopia [home of this plant].

cogitation < middle english cogitacioun (= thought, idea) < old french cogitacion (= consideration, reflection) < latin cogitatio [gen. cogitationis] (= thought, opinion) < cogito [inf. cogitare] (= think, reflect, consider) < com (= with, together) + agito [inf. agitare] (< ago [inf. agere] (= drive, lead, act)).

cognac < Cognac [brandy] < french Cognac, a region in France < medieval latin Compiniacum / Comniacum < latin Cominius, a personal name.

cognition < middle english cognicioun < latin cognitio [gen. cognitiomis] (= knowledge, acquaintance) < cognosco [inf. cognoscere] (= to get to know, recognize) < com (= with, together) + (g)nosco [inf. gnoscere] (= know) (< I.E. *gno- (= know)).

cognomen < latin cognomen < com (= with, together) + (g)nomen (= name) < (g)nosco [inf. gnoscere] (= know).

Cohen < hebrew kohen (= priest) < kihen (= he acted as priest).

cohere < latin cohaereo [inf. cohaerere] (= cleave together, be consistent) < com (= with, together) + haereo [inf. haerere] (= adhere, stick).

coiffeur < french coiffeur (= hairdresser) < coiffer (= to dress hair) < old french coife (= inner part of the helmet).

coin < middle english coin (= a wedge) < old french coing (= wedge, stamp, piece of money, corner, angle) < latin cuneus (= a wedge).

coincidence < french coincidence < coincider < medieval latin coincido [inf. coincidere] (= fall upon together) < latin com (= with, together) + incido [inf. incidere] (= fall upon) (< in (= in, upon) + cado [inf. cadere] (= to fall)).

cold < old english c(e)ald < proto-germanic *kaldjon < I.E. *gel- (= cold, to freeze).

Colin < french Colin < Col < a diminutive of Nicolas < latin Nic(h)olaus < ancient greek Νικόλαος | Nikolaos < νίκη | nikē (= victory) + λαός | laos (= people).

collaborator < french collaborateur < latin collaboratus, past participle of collaboro [inf. collaborare] (= work with) < com (= with, together) + laboro [inf. laborare] (= to work).

collage < french collage (= a pasting) < old french coller (= to glue) < ancient greek κόλλα | kolla (= glue).

collagen < french collagène < ancient greek κόλλα | kolla (= glue) + -gen (= giving birth to) (< french -gène < ancient greek -γενής | -ghenēs (= born of) < stem γεν- | ghen- of γίγνομαι | ghighnomae (= be born)).

collapse < latin collapsus, past participle of collabor [inf. collabi] (= fall together) < com (= with, together) + labor [inf. labi] (= to fall, slip).

collar < middle english col(l)er (= neck armor, gorget) < old french coler (= neck, collar) < latin collare (= necklace, chain for the neck) < collum (= neck).

colleague < middle french collègue < latin collega (= partner in office) < com (= with, together) + lego₁ [inf. legare] (= send as a deputy, send with a commission).

collect < middle english collect < old french collecter (= collect) < latin collectus, past participle of colligo [inf. colligere] (= gather together) < com (= with, together) + lego₂ [inf. legere] (= gather, collect).

college < middle english college < old french college (= collegiate body) < latin collegium (= community, society) < collega (= partner in office) < com (= with, together) + lego₂ [inf. legere] (= gather, collect).

collide < latin collido [inf. collidere] (= strike together) < com (= with, together) + laedo [inf. laedere] (= strike).

cologne < Cologne [water] < french [eau de] Cologne (= [water from] Cologne) < latin Colonia [Agrippina] (= colony [of Agrippina]), wife of emperor Claudius < colonia (= settled land, landed estate) {> german Köln} < colonus (= husbandman, tenant farmer, settler in new land) < colo [inf. colere] (= cultivate, inhabit).

colon < latin colon (= part of a verse or poem) < ancient greek κώλον | kōlon (= part of a verse, clause of a sentence).

colonel < coronell < middle french coronel < italian colonnella < [compagna] colonella (= little column [company]) < latin columna (= column, pillar).

colony < middle english colony < latin colonia (= settled land, landed estate) < colonus (= husbandman, tenant farmer, settler in new land) < colo [inf. colere] (= cultivate).

color < middle english color (= skin color) < anglo-french culur / coulour / old french color (= color, complexion) < latin color (= color of the skin, color, appearance) < old latin colos (= a covering).

Colorado < spanish [Rio] Colorado (= [river] Reddish) < colorado (= colored, reddish) < colorado, past participle of colorar (= to color, dye, paint) < latin coloro [inf. colorare] (= to color, to get tanned) < color (= color of the skin, color, appearance) < old latin colos (= a covering).

Colosseum < medieval latin Colosseum < colosseum, neuter of colosseus (= gigantic) < latin colossus (= gigantic statue) [(?) a reference to a gigantic statue of Nero next to this building] < ancient greek κολοσσός | kolossos (= gigantic statue) [e.g. ο κολοσσός της ‘Ρόδου (= the colossus of Rhode)].

colt < old english colt (= young horse) < (?) proto-germanic *kultaz.

column < old french colombe < latin columna (= column, pillar).

coma < ancient greek κώμα | kōma (= deep sleep, coma).

combat < middle french combat < old french combattre < late latin combatto [inf. combattere] < latin com (= with, together) + bat(t)uo [inf. bat(t)uere] (= to cut, beat, fight).

combine < middle english combine < old french combiner < late latin combino [inf. combinare] (= to unite, yoke together) < latin com (= with, together) + bini, plural of binus (= two by two) (< bis (= twice)).

come < middle english come < old english cuman < proto-germanic *kwem- < I.E. *gwa- (= to go, come).

comedy < middle english comedy < old french comedie (= a poem) < latin comoedia < ancient greek κωμωδία | kōmōdhia (= a comedy, amusing spectacle) < κωμωδός | kōmōdhos (= actor or singer in the revels) < κώμος | kōmos (= company of merry-making young men) + ω_ιδή | ō_idhē (= ode).

comet < middle english comet < old french comete < latin cometa < ancient greek κομήτης [αστήρ] | komētēs [astēr] (= long-haired [star]) < κόμη | komē (= hair of the head) [so called because its tail is like a hair following it].

comfort < middle english conforten < old french conforter (= solace, help, strengthen) < late latin conforto [inf. confortare] (= to strengthen much) < com (= with, together) + fortis (= strong).

comic < middle english comic (= of classical comedy) < latin comicus (= of comedy) < ancient greek κωμικός | kōmikos (= pertaining to comedy) < κώμος | kōmos (= company of merry-making young men).

comics < comic strip (= magazine’s strip with comic scenes).

comma < latin comma < ancient greek κόμμα | komma (= clause in a sentence) < *κόπ-μα | *kop-ma < κόπτω | koptō (= cut off).

command < middle english command < old french comander (= to order) < vulgar latin *commando [inf. commandare] < latin commendo [inf. commendare] (= recommend) < com (= with, together) + mando [inf. mandare] (= commit, entrust).

commando < afrikaans commando (= a troop under a commander) [from 1791, during the Boer War in a South Africa] < portuguese commando (= party commanded) < vulgar latin *commando [inf. commandare] < latin commendo [inf. commendare] (= recommend) < com (= with, together) + mando [inf. mandare] (= commit, entrust).

comment < middle english comment < old french coment (= commentary) / late latin commentum (= comment, interpretation) < latin commentum, neuter past participle of comminiscor [inf. comminisci] (= contrive, devise) < com (= with, together) + memini [inf. meminisse] (= remember).

commerce < middle french commerce < latin commercium (= trade, trafficking) < com (= with, together) + merx [gen. mercis] (= merchandise).

commit < middle english commit < latin committo [inf. committere] (= to unite, connect, combine) < com (= with, together) + mitto [inf. mittere] (= release, send, throw).

commodore < (?) dutch kommandeur < french commandeur < old french comandeor < comander (= to order) < vulgar latin *commando [inf. commandare] < latin commendo [inf. commendare] (= recommend) < com (= with, together) + mando [inf. mandare] (= commit, entrust).

common < middle english common (= belonging to all, general) < old french comun (= common, general) < latin communis (= common, public, general).

commune < french commune (= small territorial divisions) < middle french commune (= free city, group of citizens) < medieval latin communia (= that which is common) < latin communia, neuter plural of communis (= common, public, general).

communicate < latin communicatus, past participle of communico [inf. communicare] (= make common, share, communicate) < communis (= common, public, general).

communism < french communisme < commun (= common, general) < latin communis (= common, public, general).

compact < middle english compact < latin compactus, past participle of compingo [inf. compingere] (= fasten together, construct) < com (= with, together) + pango [inf. pangere] (= to fix, fasten).

company < middle english company (= large group of people) < old french compagnie (= society, friendship, body of soldiers) < late latin companio (= bread fellow, messmate) < latin com (= with, together) + panis (= bread).

compare < middle english compare < old french comparer (= compare, liken) < latin comparo [inf. comparare] (= liken, compare) < compar (= equal) < com (= with, together) + par (= equal).

compass < middle english compass (= space, area) < old french compas (= circle, radius, pair of compasses) < compasser (= go around, measure with a compass) < vulgar latin *compasso [inf. compassare] (= pace out) < latin com (= with, together) + passus (= a step).

compassion < middle english compassion < old french compassion (= sympathy, pity) < late latin compassion [gen. compassionis] (= sympathy) < compatior [inf. compati] (= feel pity) < com (= with, together) + patior [inf. pati] (= suffer).

compete < middle french compéter (= be in rivalry with) / late latin competo [inf. competere] (= meet, strive in common) < latin com (= with, together) + peto [inf. petere] (= strive, attack).

compile < middle english compile < old french compiler (= compile, collect) < medieval latin compilo [inf. compilare] (= plunder, rob) < latin compilo [inf. compilare] (= bundle together, heap up) < com (= with, together) + pilo [inf. pilare] (= compress, ram down).

complain < middle english compleinen (= bewail, find fault, express dissatisfaction) < old french complaindre (= to lament) < vulgar latin *complango [inf. complangere] (= beat the breast) < latin com (= with, together) + plango [inf. plangere] (= strike, beat the breast).

complement < middle english complement < old french compliement (= accomplishment, fulfillment) < latin complementum (= supplement) < compleo [inf. complere] (= fill up) < com (= with, together) + pleo [inf. plere] (= fill).

complete < middle english complete < old french complet (= full) < latin completus, past participle of compleo [inf. complere] (= fill up) < com (= with, together) + pleo [inf. plere] (= fill).

complex < french complexe (= complicated, complex) < latin complexus, past participle of complector [inf. complecti] (= encircle, embrace, comprehend) < com (= with, together) + plecto [inf. plectere] (= weave, braid, twine).

complicate < latin complicatus, past participle of complico [inf. complicare] (= fold together, involve) < com (= with, together) + plico [inf. plicare] (= fold, weave).

compliment < latin complementum (= supplement) < compleo [inf. complere] (= fill up) < com (= with, together) + pleo [inf. plere] (= fill).

component < latin componens [gen. componentis], present participle of compono [inf. componere] (= put together, collect together) < com (= with, together) + pono [inf. ponere] (= to place).

compose < middle english compousen (= write) < old french composer (= put together, compound, adjust, write) < latin com (= with, together) + old french poser (= to place) (< late latin pauso [inf. pausare] (= cease, lay down) < pausa (= a halt) < ancient greek παύσις | pafsis < παύω | pavō (= to stop)).

composite < middle english composite < old french composite < latin compositus, past participle of compono [inf. componere] (= put together) < com (= with, together) + pono [inf. ponere] (= to place).

compost < middle english compote (= mixture of stewed fruits) < old french composte (= mixture of leaves for fertilizing land) < vulgar latin *composita < latin composita, female past participle of compono [inf. componere] (= put together) < com (= with, together) + pono [inf. ponere] (= to place).

compound < middle english compounen (= put together, mix, combine) < old french compon(d)re (= arrange, direct) < latin compono [inf. componere] (= put together) < com (= with, together) + pono [inf. ponere] (= to place).

comprehend < middle english comprehend (= understand, include) < latin comprehendo [inf. comprehendere] (= take together, perceive) < com (= with, together) + prehendo [inf. prehendere] (= catch, seize) < prae- (= before) + -hendere (= seize, take).

compress < middle english compress < old french compresser (= compress, put under pressure) < late latin compressus, past participle of compresso [inf. compressare] (= press together) < comprimo [inf. comprimere] (= to squeeze) < com (= with, together) + premo [inf. premere] (= to press, hold fast).

compromise < middle english compromise < old french compromis < late latin compromissus, past participle of compromitto [inf. compromittere] (= make a mutual promise) < com (= with, together) + promitto [inf. promittere] (= send forth, foretell, promise) < pro (= before) + mitto [inf. mittere] (= to release, send, throw).

compute < french computer (= count) < latin computare (= count, sum up, reckon together) < com (= with, together) + puto [inf. putare] (= reckon, think).

comrade < middle french camarade < spanish camarada (= chamber mate) / italian camerata (= a partner) < latin camara / camera (= vault, vaulted room) < ancient greek καμάρα | kamara (= vaulted chamber).

conceal < middle english concelen (= keep secret) < old french conceler (= hide) < latin concelo [inf. concelare] (= hide) < com (= with, together) + celo [inf. celare] (= hide).

conceive < middle english conceiven (= become pregnant) < old french conceveir (< latin concipio [inf. concipere] (= take in and hold, become pregnant) < com (= with, together) + capio [inf. capere] (= take, hold).

concept < medieval latin conceptum (= draft, abstract) < concipio [inf. concipere] (= take in and hold, become pregnant) < com (= with, together) + capio [inf. capere] (= take, hold).

concern < middle english concern < old french concerner < medieval latin concerno [inf. concernere] (= concern, touch, belong to) < late latin concerno [inf. concernere] (= sift, mix as in a sieve) < com (= with, together) + cerno [inf. cernere] (= sift, perceive).

concert < french concert < italian concerto (= concert, harmony) < concerto [inf. concertare] (= bring into agreement) < latin concerto [inf. concertare] (= contest, dispute) < com (= with, together) + certo [inf. certare] (= contend, strive) (< certus, past participle of cerno [inf. cernare] (= separate, distinguish)).

conclave < middle english conclave < italian conclave < latin conclave (= private room, chamber suite) < com (= with, together) + clavis (= key).

conclude < middle english conclude < latin concludo [inf. concludere] (= shut up, enclose) < com (= with, together) + claudo [inf. claudere] (= shut).

concord < middle english concord < old french concorde (= concord, harmony, agreement) < latin concordia (= agreement, union) < concors [gen. concordis] (= of the same mind) < com (= with, together) + cor [gen. cordis] (= heart).

concrete < middle english concrete (= actual, solid particular) < latin concretus, past participle of concresco [inf. concrescere] (= grow together) < com (= with, together) + cresco [inf. crescere] (= grow).

condemn < middle english condempnen (= to blame, censure) < old french condamner / condemner (= condemn) < condemno [inf. condemnare] (= to blame, disapprove) < com (= with, together) + damno [inf. damnare] (= to harm, damage).

condense < middle english condense (= thicken) < old french condenser < latin condenso [inf. condensare] (= make dense) < com (= with, together) + denso [inf. densare] (= make thick) (< densus (= dense, thick)).

condition < middle english condicioun < old french condicion (= stipulation, state, social status) < medieval latin conditio < latin condicio (= agreement, stipulation, situation) < condico [inf. condicere] (= speak with, agree upon) < com (= with, together) + dico [inf. dicere] (= speak).

condor < american spanish condor < quechua (of Incas) cuntur (= condor).

conduct < middle english conduct (= to guide) < latin conductus, past participle of conduco [inf. conducere] (= bring together) < com (= with, together) + duco [inf. ducere] (= to lead).

cone < middle french cone < latin conus (= cone, peak of a helmet) < ancient greek κώνος | kōnos (= cone, spinning top).

conference < middle french conference < medieval latin conferentia < latin conferens, present participle of confero [inf. conferre] (= bring together) < com (= with, together) + fero [inf. ferre] (= to bear, carry).

confess < middle english confess < old french confesser < vulgar latin *confesso [inf. confessare] < latin confiteor [inf. confiteri] (= to acknowledge) < com (= with, together) + fateor [inf. fateri] (= to admit).

confetti < old french confetti < italian confetti, plural of confetto (= sweetmeat) [the small candies that were thrown during a carnival] < latin confectus, past participle of conficio [inf. conficere] (= prepare) < com (= with, together) + facio [inf. facere] (= make, do).

confidence < middle english confidence < old french confidence < latin confidentia (= trust) < confidens [gen. confidentis], present participle of confido [inf. confidere] (= have trust) < com (= with, together) + fido [inf. fidere] (= to trust).

configure < middle english configure < latin configuro [inf. configurare] (= to fashion after a pattern) < com (= with, together) + figuro [inf. figurare] (= to form, shape) (< figura (= a shape, form, figure)).

confirm < middle english confirmyn / confermen (= ratify, sanction) < old french confermer (= strengthen, establish) < latin confirmo [inf. confirmare] (= make firm, strengthen, establish) < com (= with, together) + firmo [inf. firmare] (= strengthen) (< firmus (= strong, steadfast)).

conflict < middle english conflict (= battle) < old french conflit < latin conflictus (= a striking together, fight) < conflictus, past participle of confligo [inf. confligere] (= strike together) < com (= with, together) + fligo [inf. fligere] (= to strike).

conform < middle english confourmen (= comply) < old french conformer (= agree to, make similar) < latin conformo [inf. conformare] (= to fashion, to form, modify) < com (= with, together) + formo [inf. formare] (= to form).

Confucius < modern latin Confucius < chinese K’ung Fu-tzu (= K’ung the philosopher / the master).

confuse < latin confundo [inf. confundere] (= to confuse, pour, perplex) < com (= with, together) + fundo [inf. fundere] (= to pour).

congratulate < latin congratulatus, past participle of congratulor [inf. congratulari] (= wish joy) < com (= with, together) + gratulor [inf. gratulari] (= give thanks) (< gratus (= agreeable, pleasing)).

congress < latin congressus (= a friendly meeting) < congressus, past participle of congredior [inf. congredi] (= meet with, fight with) < com (= with, together) + gradior [inf. gradi] (= to walk) (< gradus (= a step)).

connect < middle english connect (= join, bind) < latin connecto [inf. connectere] (= join together) < com (= with, together) + necto [inf. nectere] (= to bind).

Connecticut < algonquian / mohican quinnitukqut (= at the long tidal river) < *kwen- (= long) + *-ehtekw (= tidal river) + *-enk (= place).

Connor < Conner < old english cunnere (= examiner, inspector).

conquer < middle english cunquearen (= to achieve) < old french conquerre (= conquer, defeat) < vulgar latin *conquaero [inf. conquarere] < latin conquiro [inf. conquirere] (= search for, win) < com (= with, together) + quaero [inf. quaerere] (= seek, gain).

Conrad < old high german Kuonrat < kuon (= bold) + rat (= counsel).

conscience < middle english conscience < old french conscience < latin conscientia (= consciousness, knowledge) < consciens, present participle of conscio [inf. conscire] (= be aware, be conscious) < com (= with, together) + scio [inf. scire] (= know).

conserve < middle english conserve (= keep safe, preserve) < old french conserver < latin conservo [inf. conservare] (= keep, preserve, guard) < com (= with, together) + servo [inf. servare] (= keep watch, maintain).

consider < middle english consider (= meditate upon) < old french considerer (= consider, study) < latin considero [inf. considerare] (= observe) < com (= with, together) + sidus [gen. sideris] (= star, constellation).

consist < middle english consist < middle french consister < latin consisto [inf. consistere] (= stand firm, stop) < com (= with, together) + sisto [inf. sistere] (= to place) (< sto [inf. stare] (= stand)).

console < french console (= bracket) < (?) 1. middle french consolateur (= one who consoles) < latin consolor [inf. consolari] (= encourage) < com (= with, together) + solor [inf. solari] (= to comfort) or 2. latin consolido [inf. consolidare] (= make solid) < com (= with, together) + solido [inf. solidare] (= make solid) (< solidus (= firm, entire)).

consonant < middle english consonant (= agreeing, harmonious) < old french consonant < latin consonans, present participle of consono [inf. consonare] (= to sound together) < com (= with, together) + sono [inf. sonare] (= to sound).

consort < middle english consort (= partner) < old french consort (= colleague, partner) < latin consors [gen. consortis] (= comrade, brother, sister) < consors (= of the same fortune) < com (= with, together) + sors [gen. sortis] (= a share, lot).

conspicuous < latin conspicuus (= visible, attracting, striking) < conspicio [inf. conspicere] (= look at, observe) < com (= with, together) + specio [specere] (= look at).

conspire < middle english conspire < old french conspirer < latin conspiro [inf. conspirare] (= agree, unite, plot) < com (= with, together) + spiro [inf. spirare] (= to breathe).

constant < middle english constant < old french constant < latin constans [gen. constantis] (= steadfast, faithful) < constans, present participle of consto [inf. constare] (= stand together) < com (= with, together) + sto [inf. stare] (= to stand).

Constantine < latin Constantinus < constans [gen. constantis] (= steadfast, faithful) < constans, present participle of consto [inf. constare] (= stand together) < com (= with, together) + sto [inf. stare] (= to stand).

Constantinople < medieval greek Κωνσταντινούπολις | Kōnstantinoupolis < Κωνσταντίνου πόλις | Kōnstantinou polis (= Constantine’s city) < Κωνσταντίνου, genitive of Κωνσταντίνος (= Constantine [q.v.]), the Roman emperor [who transferred the capital from Rome to the city of ancient Byzantium] + πόλις (= city).

constellation < middle english constellacioun < old french constellacion < late latin constellatio (= a collection of stars) < constellatus (= set with stars) < com (= with, together) + stellatus, past participle of stello [inf. stellare] (= to shine) (< stella (= star)).

constitute < middle english constitute < latin constitutus, past participle of constituo [inf. constituere] (= fix, place, set in order) < com (= with, together) + statuo [inf. statuere] (= to stand, set).

construct < latin constructus, past participle of construo [inf. construere] (= accumulate, build, make) < com (= with, together) + struo [inf. struere] (= to pile up).

consul < middle english consul < old french consule < latin consul (= magistrate) < consulo [inf. consulere] (= deliberate, take counsel) < com (= with, together) + *selere (= take, gather together).

consult < middle french consulter < latin consulto [inf. consultare] (= consult, take the advice of) < consulo [inf. consulere] (= deliberate, take counsel) < com (= with, together) + *selere (= take, gather together).

consume < middle english consume < old french consumer (= consume) < latin consumo [inf. consumere] (= use up, eat, waste) < com (= with, together) + sumo [inf. sumere] (= take) (< sub (= under) + emo [inf. emere] (= buy, take)).

contact < latin contactus (= a touching) < contactus, past participle of contingo [inf. contingere] (= touch, seize) < com (= with, together) + tango [inf. tangere] (= touch).

contagion < middle english contagion (= communicable disease) < old french contagion < latin contagio (= touching, contact, contagion) < contingo [inf. contingere] (= touch, seize) < com (= with, together) + tango [inf. tangere] (= touch).

contain < middle english contain (= restrain, control) < old french contenir < latin continuo [inf. continere] (= hold together, enclose) < com (= with, together) + teneo [inf. tenere] (= hold).

contemn < middle english contempnen (= slight, spurn) < old french contemner < latin contemno [inf. contemnere] (= despise, scorn) < com (= with, together) + *temno [inf. temnere] (= slight, scorn).

contemporary < medieval latin contemporarius < com (= with, together) + temporarius (= of time) (< tempus (= time, season)).

contempt < middle english contempt < old french contempt(s) < latin contemptus (= scorn) < contemptus, past participle of contemno [inf. contemnere] (= despise, scorn) < com (= with, together) + *temno [inf. temnere] (= slight, scorn).

contend < middle english contend (= engage in rivalry, compete) < old french contendre < latin contendo [inf. contendere] (= stretch out, shoot, fight) < com (= with, together) + tendo [inf. tendere] (= stretch).

content < middle english content (= rest, be satisfied) < old french contenter < medieval latin contento [inf. contentare] < latin contentus (= contained, satisfied), past participle of continuo [inf. continere] (= hold together, enclose) < com (= with, together) + teneo [inf. tenere] (= hold).

contents < middle english contents (= things contained) < latin contenta, plural of contentum, neuter past participle of continuo [inf. continere] (= hold together, enclose) < com (= with, together) + teneo [inf. tenere] (= hold).

contest < french contester (= dispute, oppose) < latin contestor [litem] [inf. contestari] (= call to witness [in court]) < com (= with, together) + testor [inf. testari] (= bear witness) (< testis (= witness)).

context < middle english context (= composition, chronicle) < latin contextus (= a joining together) < contextus, past participle of contexo [inf. contexere] (= weave together) < com (= with, together) + texo [inf. texere] (= weave, make).

continence < middle english continence (= moderation) < old french continentia (= repression) < latin continens [gen. continentis], present participle of continuo [inf. continere] (= hold together, enclose) < com (= with, together) + teneo [inf. tenere] (= hold).

continent < continent [land] < medieval latin [terra] continens (= continuous [land]) < latin continens [gen. continentis), present participle of continuo [inf. continere] (= hold together, enclose) < com (= with, together) + teneo [inf. tenere] (= hold).

continue < middle english contynuen (= maintain, preserve) < old french continuer < latin continuo [inf. continuare] (= make continuous) < continuus (= continuous) < continuo [inf. continere] (= hold together, enclose) < com (= with, together) + teneo [inf. tenere] (= hold).

contour < french contour (= circumference, outline) < italian contornare / medieval latin contorno [inf. contornare] (= go around) < com (= with, together) + torno [inf. tornare] (= round off, turn on a lathe) (< tornus (= lathe) < ancient greek τόρνος | tornos (= lathe)).

contra < middle english contra < latin contra (= in comparison with, against) < *com-teros < old latin com (= with, together) + [comparative suffix] -ter-.

contract < middle english contract < old french contract < latin contractus (= agreement), past participle of contraho [inf. contrahere] (= draw in, shorten, make an agreement) < com (= with, together) + traho [inf. trahere] (= to draw).

contrast < french contraster < italian contrastare (= stand out against, strive) < vulgar latin *contrasto [inf. contrastare] (= stand opposed to) < latin contra (= against) + sto [inf. stare] (= to stand).

contribute < latin contributus, past participle of contribuo [inf. contribuere] (= bring together, add, collect) < com (= with, together) + tribuo [inf. tribuere] (= to allot, pay).

control < middle english countrollen (= verify, regulate) < anglo-french contreroller (= exert authority) < medieval latin contrarotulus (= counter, register) < latin contra (= against) + rotulus, a diminutive of rota (= wheel).

controversy < middle english controversy (= disputation) < old french controversie (= disagreement) < latin controversia (= a turning against, quarrel) < controversus (= turned against) < contra (= against) + versus (= turned toward / against), past participle of verto [inf. vertere] (= to turn).

convenience < middle english convenience (= conformity, state of being suitable) < latin convenientia (= a meeting together, agreement) < convenio [inf. convenire] (= come together, join, accord, be suitable) < com (= with, together) + venio [inf. venire] (= come).

conversation < middle english conversation (= place where one lives, general course of actions) < old french conversacion (= behavior, way of life, monastic life) < latin conversatio (= frequent use, intercourse, conversation) < conversor [inf. conversari] (= live, dwell) (= to be turned about) < com (= with, together) + verso [inf. versare] (= to turn often) (< verto [inf. vertere] (= to turn)).

converse < latin conversus (= turned around), past participle of converto [inf. convertere] (= turn around, transform) < com (= with, together) + verto [inf. vertere] (= to turn).

convert < middle english convert (= a change from one religion to another) < old french convertir (= turn around, transform) < vulgar latin *convertio [inf. convertire] (= change) < latin converto [inf. convertere] (= turn around, transform) < com (= with, together) + verto [inf. vertere] (= to turn).

convey < middle english conveien (= go along with, carry, transport) < anglo-french conveyer / old french convoiier (= to accompany, escort) < vulgar latin *convio [inf. conviare] (= to accompany on the way) < com (= with, together) + via (= road, way).

convince < latin convinco [inf. convincere] (= to overcome decisively) < com (= with, together) + vinco [inf. vincere] (= to conquer).

convoke < middle french convoquer < latin convoco [inf. convocare] (= call together) < com (= with, together) + voco [inf. vocare] (= to call) (< vox [gen. vocis] (= voice)).

convoy < earlier convoy (= to accompany for protection) < old french convoiier < vulgar latin *convio [inf. conviare] (= to accompany on the way) < com (= with, together) + via (= road, way).

cook < old english coc < vulgar latin *cocus (= a cook) < latin coquus (= a cook) < coquo [inf. coquere] (= to cook, prepare food).

cool < old english col (= not warm, moderately cold) < proto-germanic *koluz (= be cold).

cooperate < late latin cooperatus, past participle of cooperar [inf. cooperari] (= work together with) < com (= with, together) + operor [inf. operari] (= to work).

coordinate < latin coordino [inf. coordinare] (= to set in order, arrange) < com (= with, together) + ordinatio (= arrangement) (< ordo [gen. ordinis] (= row, rank, arrangement)).

cop (= policeman) < an abbreviation of copper (= policeman) [(?) thieves’ slang] < (?) cop (= seize, catch, arrest) < (?) 1. middle french caper (= seize, take) < latin capio [inf. capere] (= take) or 2. dutch kapen (= take) < old frisian capia (= buy).

Copenhagen < danish København (= merchant’s port) < danish køber (= merchant) + havn (= port).

copper < old english coper < proto-germanic *kupar < late latin cuprum < latin Cyprium [aes] (= Cyprian [metal]) < ancient greek Κύπριος | Kyprios (= Cyprian) < Κύπρος | Kypros (= Cyprus).

copy < middle english copy (= written account) < old french copie < medieval latin copia (= reproduction, transcript) < latin copia (= abundance, profusion) < com (= with, together) + ops [gen. opis] (= power, wealth).

coral < middle english coral < old french coral < latin corallium < ancient greek κοράλλιον | korallion < (?) semitic origin.

cord < middle english corde (= string, rope) < old french corde (= rope, string, twist) < latin chorda (= string of a musical instrument) < ancient greek χορδή | khordhē (= string, catgut, chord).

Cordova < spanish Córdoba < phoenician qorteb (= oil press).

core < middle english core (= inmost part of anything) < (?) old french co(eu)r (= core of fruit, heart of lettuce) < latin cor [gen. cordis] (= heart) < I.E. *kerd- (= heart).

corn < old english corn (= seed of a cereal plant) < proto-germanic *kurnam (= small seed) < I.E. *gre-no- (= grain).

corner < middle english corner < anglo-french cornere < old french corne (= horn, corner) < vulgar latin *corna < latin cornu (= horn).

cornet < middle english cornet < old french cornet, a diminutive of corn (= horn) < latin cornu (= horn, bugle horn).

cornice < middle french corniche / italian cornice < 1. latin coronis (= curved line) < ancient greek κορωνίς | korōnis (= curved object) or 2. latin cornix [gen. cornicis] (= crow) < ancient greek κορώνη | korōnē (= crow).

corolla < latin corolla (= garland, little crown), a diminutive of corona (= crown, garland) < ancient greek κορώνη | korōnē (= crow, anything curved).

corona < latin corona (= crown, garland) < ancient greek κορώνη | korōnē (= crow, anything curved).

corporation < middle english corporacioun < late latin corporatio (= assumption of a body) < latin corporo [inf. corporare] (= embody) < corpus [gen. corporis] (= body).

corps < french corps [d' armée] (= corps [of army]) < french corps (= body) < latin corpus (= body).

correct < middle english correct < latin correctus, past participle of corrigo [inf. corrigere] (= put straight, set right) < com (= with, together) + rego [inf. regere] (= lead straight, rule).

corridor < french corridor < italian corridore < correre (= to run) < latin curro [inf. currere] (= to run).

corrupt < middle english corrupt < old french corropt < latin corruptus, past participle of corrumpo [inf. corrumpere] (= destroy, spoil) < com (= with, together) + rumpo [inf. rumpere] (= to break).

corsage < middle english corsage (= size of the body) < old french corsage (= bust, trunk, body) < cors (= body) < latin corpus (= body).

corsair < middle french corsaire < provençal cursar / italian corsaro < medieval latin cursarius (= pirate) < latin cursus (= course, a running) < curro [inf. currere] (= run).

corvette < french corvette (= small frigate) < (?) 1. middle dutch korver (= pursuit ship) or 2. middle low german korf (= basket, a kind of boat) or 3. latin corbita [navis] (= grain [ship]) < corbis (= basket) [because there was a basket up on the mast of this kind of ship].

cosine < co. sinus < an abbreviation of medieval latin complementi sinus < latin complementum (= that which completes) (< compleo [inf. complere] (= fill up) < com (= with, together) + pleo [inf. plere] (= fill)) + sinus (= bend, curve, fold).

cosmetic < ancient greek κοσμητικός | kosmētikos (= skilled in adornment) < κοσμώ | kosmō (= arrange, adorn) < κόσμος | kosmos (= order, ornament).

cosmic < ancient greek κοσμικός | kosmikos (= worldly, earthly, of the world) < κόσμος | kosmos (= ornament, order, world).

cosmopolitan < cosmopolite (= citizen of the world) < ancient greek κοσμοπολίτης | kosmopolitēs (= citizen of the world) < κόσμος | kosmos (= world) + πολίτης | politēs (= citizen) (< πόλις | polis (= city)).

cosmos < middle english cosmos (= the universe, the world) < ancient greek κόσμος | kosmos (= ornament, order, world, world-order).

cost < middle english cost (= price, value) < old french cost (= cost, outlay) < vulgar latin *costo [inf. costare] < latin consto [inf. constare] (= stand at, to cost) < com (= with, together) + sto [inf. stare] (= to stand).

costume < french costume < italian costume (= fashion, habit) < latin consuetudo (= custom, habit, usage) < consuesco [inf. consuescere] (= accustom, habituate) < com (= with, together) + suesco [inf. suescere] (= addict) (< sueo [inf. suere] (= addict)).

cot (= cradle) < hindi khat (= couch) < sanskrit khatva.

cottage < middle english cottage (= humble habitation) < old french cote (= hut, cottage) (< (?) old norse kot (= hut) < proto-germanic *kutan) + anglo-french [suffix] -age (< late latin [suffix] -aticum (= belonging to).

cotton < middle english cotton < old french coton < provençal coton / italian cotone < arabic qutn < (?) egyptian origin.

couch < middle english couch (= bed) < old french couche (= bed, lair) < coucher (= to lie down) < latin colloco [inf. collocare] (= to lay, place) < com (= with, together) + loco [inf. locare] (= to place).

cougar < french couguar [by influence of jaguar] < portuguese çuçuarana < 1. tupi [in Brazil] susuarana < suasu (= deer) + rana (= false) or 2. guarani guaçu ara.

cough < middle english coughen < proto-germanic *kokh-.

council < middle english council < anglo-french cuncile < old french concilie < latin concilium (= a meeting, a gathering).

count < middle english count < old french conter (= count, tell a story) < latin computo [inf. computare] (= count, sum up) < com (= with, together) + puto [inf. putare] (= prune, reckon).

country < middle english country < old french contree / cuntrede (= region, district) < vulgar latin *[terra] contrata (= opposite [land]) < latin contra (= opposite, against).

county < middle english county < anglo-french counte < late latin comitatus (= jurisdiction of a count) < latin comes [gen. comitis] (= companion, associate).

coup < middle english coup (= a blow) < old french coup / colp (= a blow, strike) < medieval latin colpus < vulgar latin *colapus < latin colaphus (= a cuff on the head) < ancient greek κόλαφος | kolaphos (= a blow, punch, slap).

coupe < french coupe < [carrosse] coupe (= cut-off [carriage]) < couper (= to cut [in half]) < old french coup / colp (= a blow, strike) < medieval latin colpus < vulgar latin *colapus < latin colaphus (= a cuff on the head) < ancient greek κόλαφος | kolaphos (= a blow, punch, slap).

couple < middle english couple < old french cople (= married couple) < latin copula (= tie, connection).

coupon < french coupon (= piece cut off) < couper (= to cut [in half]) < coup (= a blow) < old french coup / colp (= a blow, strike) < medieval latin colpus < vulgar latin *colapus < latin colaphus (= a cuff on the head) < ancient greek κόλαφος | kolaphos (= a blow, punch, slap).

courage < middle english corage < old french corage (= heart, temper) < vulgar latin *coraticum < latin cor [gen. cordis] (= heart).

courier < middle english corour (= a quick horse, messenger) < anglo-french courrier < old french coreor (= a quick horse, messenger) < latin curro [inf. currere] (= to run).

course < middle english course (= motion forward, a race-course) < old french cors (= course, running) < latin cursus (= a running, journey, flow of a river) < curro [inf. currere] (= to run).

court < middle english court < old french cort (= king’s court) < latin co(ho)rs [gen. co(ho)rtis] (= enclosed yard).

cousin < middle english cousin < old french cosin (= nephew, cousin) < latin consobrinus (= cousin) < com (= with, together) + sobrinus (= cousin on mother’s side) (< soror [gen. sororis] (= sister)).

covenant < middle english covenaunt (= a contract) < old french co(n)venant (= agreement, promise), present participle of covenir (= agree, meet) < latin convenio [inf. convenire] (= come together, agree) < com (= with, together) + venio [inf. venire] (= to come).

cover < middle english cover < old french covrir (= protect, conceal) < late latin coperio [inf. coperire] < latin cooperio [inf. cooperire] (= cover over, bury) < com (= with, together) + operio [inf. operire] (= to close, cover).

cow < middle english cu / qu / kowh < old english cu (= cow) < proto-germanic *kwon < I.E. * g^wo-u- (= ox, cow).

coward < middle english coward < anglo-french couard / couart / old french coart (= coward) < coe (= tail) (< latin coda < cauda (= tail)) + [suffix] -ard (< german -hard (= hardy) < proto-germanic *-hart (= bold, hardy)).

Cox < middle english Cocks < 1. cock (< old english cocc (= male bird, rooster)) or 2. cook (< old english coc < vulgar latin *cocus (= a cook) < latin coquus (= a cook) < coquo [inf. coquere] (= to cook)) or 3. welsh coch (= red).

coyote < american english coyote < mexican spanish coyote < nahuatl (of Aztecs) coyotl.

cozy < cosy (= comfortable, warm) < scottish colsie < (?) scandinavian source.

cpu < an abbreviation of central processing unit [1970].

crab < old english crabba < germanic origin < I.E. *gerbh- (= to scratch, carve).

crack < old english cracian (= make a sharp noise) < proto-germanic *krakojan < imitative origin.

cradle < middle english cradel (= baby’s bed) < old english cradol (= little bed, cot) < proto-germanic *kradulaz (= basket).

craft < old english cræft (= power) < proto-germanic *krab- / *kraf-.

Craig < scottish Craig < middle english Cragg (= dweller by the steep rocks) < crag (= steep rock) < celtic origin.

cramp < middle english cramp < old french crampe < proto-germanic *kramp- (= bent, crooked).

cranberry < american english cranberry < middle low german kraanbere < kraan (= crane) + bere (= berry).

crash < middle english crasschen (= break in pieces, make a clattering sound) < (?) imitative origin.

crater < latin crater < ancient greek κρατήρ | kratēr (= large vessel for mixing wine with water) < κεράννυμι | kerannymi (= to mix).

cravat < french cravate (= scarf, cravat) < Cravate (= Croatian) [in 17th century Croats used to wear a scarf] (< german Krabate < serbo-croatian Hrvat (= Croat) < old church slavonis Churvatinu (= Croat) < churva (= mountain)).

crayon < french crayon (= chalk pencil, pencil)) < craie (= chalk) < latin creta (= chalk, plaster, pipe-clay) < (?) celtic origin.

craze < middle english cra(i)sen (= to shatter, crush) < (?) germanic origin.

cream < middle english creyme < old french cre(s)me / craime (= chrism, holy oil) < a blend of 1. late latin chrisma (= ointment) (< ancient greek χρίσμα | khrisma (= unguent) < χρίω | khriō (= to annoint)) + 2. late latin cramum (= cream) (< (?) gaulish origin).

create < middle english create < latin creatus, past participle of creo [inf. creare] (= make, build, produce, bear).

credit < middle french crédit (= belief, trust) < italian credito < latin creditum (= loan, entrusted thing) < creditum, neuter past participle of credo [inf. credere] (= believe, trust).

creed < old english creda (= confession of faith) < latin credo [inf. credere] (= believe, trust).

creek < middle english creke < kryk < (?) old norse kriki (= corner, nook).

creep < old english creopan (= crawl, slither) < proto-germanic *kreupanan.

crematorium < german Krematorium < latin cremo [inf. cremare] (= to burn).

creme < french crème < old french cre(s)me / craime (= chrism, holy oil) < a blend of 1. late latin chrisma (= ointment) (< ancient greek χρίσμα | khrisma (= unguent) < χρίω | khriō (= to annoint)) + 2. late latin cramum (= cream) (< (?) gaulish origin).

Creole < french créole < spanish criollo (= native to a locality) < portuguese crioulo, a diminutive of cria (= raised person) < criar (= to raise, bring up) < latin creo [inf. creare] (= make, build, produce, bear).

crepe < french crêpe < old french crespe (= ruff, ruffle, frill) < latin crispa, female of crispus (= curled, having curly hair).

crescendo < italian crescendo (= increasing) < latin crescendo, ablative of gerund of cresco [inf. crescere] (= to increase, grow).

crest < middle english crest < old french creste (= tuft, comb) < latin crista (= tuft, plume).

cretonne < french cretonne < Creton, village in Normandy [where it was first made this type of cloth].

crew < middle english crew (= group of reinforcement soldiers) < old french cre(u)e (= an increase, military reinforcement) < creue, female past participle of creistre (= to grow) < latin cresco [inf. crescere] (= to increase, grow).

cricket (insect) < middle english cricket < old french criquet (= cricket) < criquer (= to creak, crackle) < echoic origin.

cricket (game) < old french criquet (= stick, goal post) < (?) middle dutch cricke / middle flemish cricke (= stick, staff).

crime < middle english crime (= sinfulness) < old french crimne (= mortal sin) < latin crimen [gen. criminis] (= charge, accusation, fault) < (?) cerno [inf. cernere] (= to decide, sift).

Crimea < modern latin Crimea / french Crimée < rusian Krimm / Krym < mongolian (of Tatars) kherem (= strength).

crimson < middle english cremesin < old italian carmesi / cremesi (= crimson color) < arabic qirmizi.

crisis < middle english crise / crisis (= decisive state of things) < ancient greek κρίσις | krisis (= selection, judgment, turning point in a disease) < κρίνω | krinō (= decide, judge).

crisp < old english crisp (= curly, wavy) < latin crispus (= curled, having curly hair).

criterion < ancient greek κριτήριον | kritērion (= means for judging, standard) < κριτής | kritēs (= a judge) < κρίνω | krinō (= decide, judge).

critic < critick < middle french critique < latin criticus (= a judge, critic) < ancient greek κριτικός | kritikos (= able to make judgments) < κρίνω | krinō (= decide, judge).

crock < middle english crokke < old english crocc(a) (= pot, vessel, jar, pitcher) < proto-germanic *krogu (= pitcher, pot).

crocodile < middle english cocodril / cokedrille < old french cocodrille / medieval latin cocodrillus < latin crocodilus < ancient greek κροκόδειλος | krokodhoelos < unknown origin.

croissant < middle english cressaunt (= crescent-shaped ornament) < anglo-french cressaunt < old french creissant / croisant (= crescent of the moon) < latin crescens, present participle of cresco [inf. crescere] (= spring up, grow, increase).

crook < middle english crook < old norse krokr (= hook, corner).

crop < old english cropp (= protuberance, head of a sprout, top of a herb, bird’s craw).

croquette < french croquette < a diminutive of croquer (= to crunch) + [suffix] -ette.

cross < old english cros < old irish cros < latin crux [gen. crucis] (= stake, cross) [on which criminals were impaled].

cross < middle english cross (= to the side) < across < [prefix] a- (= on, in) + cross (q.v.).

crouton < french croûton < croûte (= crust) < old french crouste < latin crusta (= rind, crust, shell).

crow < old english crawe < imitative origin.

crowd < old english crudan (= to press, crush).

crown < middle english c(o)roune (= royal crown) < anglo-french coroune / old french corone < latin corona (= crown, garland) < ancient greek κορώνη | korōnē (= crow, anything curved).

crucify < middle english crucify < old french crucif(i)er < vulgar latin *crucifico [inf. crucificare] < late latin crucifigo [inf. crucifigere] (= to fasten to a cross) < crux [gen. crucis] (= cross) + figo [inf. figere] (= to fasten, fix).

crude < middle english crude < latin crudus (= rough, raw, bloody).

cruel < middle english cruel < old french cruel < crudel < latin crudelis (= rude, unfeeling) < crudus (= rough, raw, bloody).

cruise < dutch kruisen (= to cross, sail to) < kruis (= cross) < crux [gen. crucis] (= cross).

crumb < middle english crumme / crome < old english cruma (= small fragment, morsel, fragment of bread) < west germanic origin.

crumble < middle english kremelen (= to break into small fragments) < old english *crymelan < gecrymman (= to break into crumbs) < cruma (= small fragment) < west germanic origin.

crunch < craunch (= crush with the teeth) < (?) imitative origin.

crusade < croisade < middle french croisade / spanish cruzada < medieval latin cruciata, past participle of crucio [inf. cruciare] (= to mark with a cross) < latin crux [gen. crucis] (= cross).

crush < middle english crush (= smash, shatter) < old french cruissir < croissir (= to smash, break) < (?) frankish *krostjan (= to gnash).

crust < middle english crust < old french crouste < latin crusta (= rind, crust, shell).

cry < middle english cry < old french crier < vulgar latin *crito [inf. critare] < latin quirito [inf. quiritare] (= to wail, to shriek).

crypt < middle english cripte (= cavern) < latin crypta (= vault, cavern) < ancient greek κρύπτη | kryptē (= a vault) < κρυπτός | kryptos (= hidden) < κρύπτω | kryptō (= to hide).

crystal < old english cristal < old french cristal < latin crystallus (= crystal, ice) < ancient greek κρύσταλλος | krystallos (= crystal) < κρύος | kryos (= frost) < I.E. *kreus- (= freeze).

cube < middle french cube < latin cubus < ancient greek κύβος | kybhos (= cube).

cuckoo < middle english cokkou < old french cocu (= cuckoo) < echoic origin.

cucumber < middle english cucomer < old french cocombre < latin cucumis [gen. cucumeris] (= cucumber).

cue < Q. [used in theater scripts to indicate entrance of an actor] < an abbreviation of latin quando (= when).

cuisine < french cuisine < late latin cocina / coquina (= kitchen) < latin coquo [inf. coquere] (= to cook).

cultivate < medieval latin cultivatus, past participle of cultivo [inf. cultivare] (= cultivate) < late latin cultivus (= tilled) < latin cultus (= labor, cultivation) < cultus, past participle of colo [inf. colere] (= work, cultivate, till).

culture < middle english culture (= the tilling of land) < latin cultura (= agriculture, care, culture) < cultus, past participle of colo [inf. colere] (= work, cultivate, till).

cup < old english cuppe < late latin cuppa (= cup) < latin cupa (= tub, cask, barrel).

cure < middle english cure (= care, heed) < latin cura (= care, concern, study).

curious < middle english curious (= eager to know) < old french curios (= solicitous, inquisitive) < latin curiosus (= careful, diligent, inquiring) < cura (= care, concern, study).

curl < middle english curl < middle english crull(e) < (?) middle dutch krul (= curly) < proto-germanic *krusl-.

current < middle english curraunt (= running, moving along) < old french corant, present participle of corre (= to run) < latin curro [inf. currere] (= to run).

curriculum < modern latin curriculum (= a course, a fixed course of study) < latin curriculum (= a running, course, career) < curro [inf. currere] (= to run).

c.v. < curriculum vitae (= brief account of one’s life and work) [1902] (< latin vitae, genitive of vita (= life)).

curry < tamil kari (= sauce, relish for rice, a bite, bit).

curse < old english curs < (?) 1. latin cursus (= a running, journey) < curro [inf. currere] (= to run) or 2. old french curuz (= anger).

cursor < middle english cursor (= a running messenger) < latin cursor (= runner, errand-boy) < curro [inf. currere] (= to run).

curtain < middle english curtine < old french cortine < late latin cortina (= curtain) < latin cortina (= round vessel) < latin co(ho)rt [gen. co(ho)rtis] (= enclosure).

curve < middle english curve < latin curvus (= crooked, curved).

custody < middle english custody < latin custodia (= guarding, watching) < custos [gen. custodis] (= guardian, protector).

custom < middle english custume < old french costume (= custom, habit, clothes, dress) < vulgar latin *consuetumen < latin consuetudo (= habit, usage, way, tradition) < consuetus, past participle of consuesco [inf. consuescere] (= accustom, habituate) < com (= with, together) + suesco [inf. suescere] (= addict) (< sueo [inf. suere] (= addict)).

cut < middle english cut < (?) 1. old english *cyttan or 2. old french couteau (= knife) or 3. germanic *kut-.

cute < latin acutus (= sharp, pointed), past participle of acuo [inf. acuere] (= to sharpen).

cyan < cyan [blue] < ancient greek κυανός | kyanos (= dark blue, lapis lazuli) < (?) hittite *kuwanna(n)- (= copper blue).

cyber- < cybernetics < ancient greek κυβερνητικός | kybhernētikos (= able to govern) < κυβερνήτης | kybhernētēs (= steersman, governor) < κυβερνώ | kybhernō (= steer, pilot, guide, govern).

cyborg < cybernetic + organism.

cyclamen < medieval latin cyclamen < latin cyclaminos < ancient greek κυκλάμινος | kyklaminos < κύκλος | kyklos (= circle).

cycle < middle english cicle < old french cicle < late latin cyclus < ancient greek κύκλος | kyklos (= circle, wheel, circular motion).

cylinder < middle english chilindre < old french cylindre < latin cylindrus < ancient greek κύλινδρος | kylindhros (= cylinder, roll, roller) < κυλίνδω | kylindhō (= to roll).

cymbal < middle english cymbal < old english cimbal < old french cymbale < latin cymbalum < ancient greek κύμβαλον | kymbhalon (= cymbal) < κύμβη | kymbhē (= cup).

cynic < latin Cynicus < ancient greek Κυνικός | Kynikos [a kind of a philosopher] < κυνικός | kynikos (= of dog, dog-like) < κύων | kyōn [gen. κυνός | kynos] (= dog). [cf. the seat of Cynic school was the gymnasium Κυνόσαργες | Kynosarghes (= Dog-white’n’black) in ancient Athens, and, also, the opinion for the coarseness of philosophers life, like a “dog’s life”].

Cynthia < latin Cynthia < ancient greek Κυνθία | Kynthia, an epithet of goddess Artemis, born on mountain Cynthus [of Delos island] < Κύνθος | Kynthos (= Cynthus).

cypress < middle english cypress < old french cipres < late latin cypressus < latin cupressus < ancient greek κυπάρισσος | kyparissos (= cypress).

Cyprus < middle english Cipre(s) < ancient greek Κύπρος | Kypros.

cyrillic < [Saint] Cyril, a Greek monk [who invented the alphabet replaced the earlier glagolitic alphabet for Slavs] < late latin Cyrillus < ancient greek Κύριλλος | Kyrillos < κύριος | kyrios (= lord, master) (see church).

Cyrus < ancient greek Κύρος | Kyros < old persian Kurush.

czar < russian tsar < old slavic tsesari < gothic kaisar < ancient greek καίσαρ | kaesar < latin [Caius Julius] Caesar, a title of emperor of Rome < Caesar, a surname of the Julian gens in Rome.

Czech < czech Český (= Bohemian, Czech) < (?) četa (= army).