A
< latin
alpha
< ancient
greek άλφα
/ alpha <
phoenician
aleph
(= ox)
< semitic
eleph
(= ox)
< (?) egyptian
hieroglyph (of inverse A) as an ox’s
head with horns.
Aaron
< latin Aaron
< ancient
greek Ααρών |
Aaron < hebrew
Aharon
< (?) egyptian
origin.
abandon
< middle english abandon
< old
french
abandonner
(= surrender, release) < à bandon
(= at will, at discretion) < à
( < latin
ad
(= to)) + bandon
(= power, jurisdiction) (< latin
bannum
(= proclamation) < proto-germanic
*bannan-
(= proclaim, summon)).
abbey
< anglo-french
abbeie
< latin
abbatia
< abbas
< ancient
greek αββάς
| abhbhas <
aramaic
abba
(= the /
my father) <
abh
(= father).
abbreviate
< latin
abbreviatus,
past participle of abbrevio
[inf. abbreviare]
(= shorten)
< (ad
(= to) +
brevio
[inf. breviare]
(= shorten).
abduction
< latin
abductio
[gen. abductionis]
(= ravishing, robbing) < abduco
[inf. abducere]
(= take away, arrest) < ab
(= off, away) + duco
[inf. ducere]
(= to lead).
Abigail
< hebrew
Abhigayil
(= [my]
father is rejoicing) < abh
(= father)
+ gil
(= rejoice).
ability
< middle english ability
< old
french
ableté
(= ability) < latin
habilitas
[gen. habilitatis]
< habilis
(= easy to manage).
able
< old
french
(h)able
(= capable)
< latin
habilis
< habeo
[inf. habere]
(= hold, have).
aboard
< middle
english aboard
< old
french à
bord < à
(= on) ( < latin
ad
(= to)) + bord
(= board) (< frankish
*bord
(= plank) < proto-germanic
*burdam
(= board, plank).
Aborigine
< latin
aborigines
(= the
first inhabitants) / ab origine
(= from
the beginning) < ab
(= from) + origo
[gen. originis]
(= rise,
birth) (< orior
[inf. oriri]
(= arise,
be born)).
abort
< latin
abortus,
past participle of aborior
[inf. aborori]
(= fail,
disappear) < ab
(= off) +
orior
[inf. oriri]
(= arise,
be born).
above
< middle
english
above(n)
< old
english
abufan
/ onbufan
(= in a
higher place) < a-
/ on
+ bufan
(= over)
(< be
(= by) +
ufan
(= high)).
Abraham
< latin Abraam
< ancient
greek Αβραάμ |
Abhraam < hebrew
Abraham
(= father
of a multitude) <
abh
(= father)
+ *raham
(= multitude)
< [previous name] Abram
(= high
father) < abh
+ ram
(= high).
absent
< old
french
absent
< latin
absens
[gen. absentis],
present participle of absum
[inf. abesse]
(= be away
from) < ab
(= off) +
sum
[inf. esse]
(= I am).
absolute
< latin
absolutus,
past participle of absolveo
[inf. absolvere]
(= to set
free) < ab
(= off) +
solveo
[inf. solvere]
(= to
loosen).
absorb
< middle english absorb
< old
french
absorber
/ assorbir
< latin
absorbeo
[inf. absorbere]
(= swallow up) < ab
(= off, away) + sorbeo
[inf. sorbere] (= suck in).
abstract
< middle english abstract
< latin
abstractus,
past participle of abstraho
[inf. abstrahere]
(= drag away, pull away) < ab
(= off, away) + traho
[inf. trahere]
(= to draw).
abundant
< middle english abundant
< old
french
abundant
< latin
abundans
[gen. abundantis],
present participle of abundo
[inf. abundare]
(= overflow) < latin
ab
(= off, away) + undo
[inf. undare]
(= rise in a wave) (< unda
(= wave)).
abuse
< old
french
abuser
(= deceive,
abuse) <
vulgar
latin
*abuso
[inf. abusare]
< latin
abusus,
past participle of abutor
[inf. abuti]
(= abuse) < ab
(= off) +
utor
[inf. uti]
(= use).
abyss
< late
latin
abyssus
< ancient
greek άβυσσος
| abhyssos
(= bottomless)
< α-
| a- (=
without) + βυσσός
| bhyssos
(= bottom).
AC
< Air
Conditioner.
A.C.
< Alternating
Current.
academy
< french
Académie
< latin
Academia
< ancient
greek Ακαδημία,
the school of philosopher Plato <
Ακαδημεία
| Akadhēmoea,
a grove in Athens of hero Ακάδημος
| Akadhēmos.
accelerate
< latin
acceleratus,
past participle of accelero
[inf. accelerare]
(= hasten, quicken) < ad
(= to) + celero
[inf. celerare]
(= hasten) (< celer
(= quick)).
accent
< old
french
acent
< latin
accentus
(= song
added to speech) < ad
(= to) +
cantus,
past participle of canto
[inf. cantere]
(= sing).
accept
< old
french
accepter
< latin
accepto
[inf. acceptare]
(= receive)
<
accipio
[inf. accipere]
(= receive)
< ad
(= to) +
capio
[inf. capere]
(= take,
hold).
access
< old
french
acces
(= attack)
< latin
accessus
< accedo
[inf. accedere]
(= approach) < ad
(= to) +
cedo
[inf. cedere]
(= go,
move).
accessory
< late
latin
accessorius
< latin
accessor
< accedo
[inf. accedere]
(= approach) < ad
(= to) +
cedo
[inf. cedere]
(= go,
move).
accident
< old
french
accident
< latin
accidens
[gen. accidentis]
(= occurrence)
< accido
[inf. accidere]
(= happen,
fall upon) < ad
(= to) +
cado
[inf. cadere]
(= to
fall).
acclaim
< middle english acclaim
< latin
acclamo
[inf. acclamare]
(= cry out at) < ad
(= to) + clamo
[inf. clamare]
(= cry out).
accomplish
< old
french
acomplir
(= to
complete) <
vulgar
latin
*accompleo
[inf. accomplere]
< latin
ad
(= to) +
compleo
[inf. complere]
(< cum
(= with) + pleo
[inf. plere]
(= to
fill)).
accord
< old
french
acorder
(= agree)
< vulgar
latin
*accordο
[inf. accordare]
< latin
ad
(= to) +
cor
[gen. cordis]
(= heart).
accordion
< german
Akkordion
< Akkord
(= concord of sounds) <
old french
acorder
(= agree)
< vulgar
latin
*accordo [inf.
accordare]
< latin
ad
(= to) +
cor
[gen. cordis]
(= heart).
accolade
< french
accolade
(= embrace, kiss) < provençal
acolada
/ italian
accollata
< vulgar
latin
*accollo
[inf. accolare]
(= embrace around the neck) < latin
ad
(= to) + collum
(= neck).
accommodate
< latin
accomodatus,
past participle of accomodo
[inf. accomodare]
(= make fit, adapt) < ad
(= to) + commodo
[inf. commodore]
(= make fit) (< commodus
(= proper, fit) < com
(= with, together) + modus
(= measure, manner)).
accompany
< middle english accompany
< old
french
acompaignier
(= take as a companion) < à
(< ad (= to)) + compaignier
(< compagnon
(= friend, partner) < late
latin
companio
[gen. companionis]
(= bread fellow, messmate) < latin
com
(= with, together) + panis
(= bread)).
accost
< middle
french
accoster
(= come alongside) < late
latin
accosto
[inf. accostare]
(= come up to the side) < latin
ad (=
to) + costa
(= side).
account
< old
french
aconter
(= enumerate)
< a
(< latin
ad
(= to)) + conter
(= count)
(< latin computo
[inf. computare]
(= count)
< com
(= with)
+ puto
[inf. putare]
(= prune,
reckon)).
accrue
< middle english accrew
< old
french acreue,
female past participle of acreistre
(= to increase) < latin
accresco
[inf. accrescere]
(= increase, become greater) < ad
(= to) + cresco
[inf. crescere]
(= grow).
accumulate
< latin
accumulatus,
past participle of accumulo
[inf. accumulare]
(= heap up to) < ad
(= to) + cumulo
[inf. cumulare]
(= heap up) (< cumulus
(= a heap)).
accurate
< latin
accuratus,
past participle of accuro
[inf. accurare]
< adcuro
[inf. adcurare]
(= take care of) < ad
(= to)
+ curo
[inf. curare]
(= take
care of).
accuse
< old
french
acuser
< latin
accuso
[inf. accusare]
(= make
complaint against) <
ad
causa
(= to the cause) < ad
(= to) +
causa
(= cause).
ace
< middle english ace
< old
french as
(= one at dice) < latin
as
[gen. assis]
(= unit, one) < assarius
[unit for measuring, weight, coins] < (?) etruscan
origin.
ache
< old
english
acan
(= suffer continued pain) < proto-germanic
*akanan.
achieve
< old
french
achever
(= to
finish) <
vulgar
latin
*accapο
[inf. accapare]
< latin
ad
caput
[venire]
(= [come] to the top) <
ad
(= to) +
caput
(= head).
acid
< french
acide
< latin
acidus
(= sour,
sharp) <
aceo
[inf. acere]
(= be
sharp).
acknowledge
< middle english acknowledge
< a blend of 1. aknow
(= admit knowledge) (< old
english
oncnawan
(= understand) < on
+ cnawan
(= recognize)) + 2. knowlechen
(= acknowledge) (< cnawlece
(= honor, worship) < proto-germanic
*knew-
(= know) + (?) -lock
(= action, process)).
acoustic
< french
acoustique
< ancient greek
ακουστικός |
akoustikos
(= pertaining to hearing) < ακουστός
| akoustos
(= audible) < ακούω
| akouō
(= hear).
acquaint
< middle english acquaint
< old
french
acointer
(= make known) < vulgar
latin
*accognito
[inf. accognitare]
(= make known) < latin
accognitus,
past participle of accognosco
[inf. accognoscere]
(= know well) < adcognosco
[inf. adcognoscere]
< ad
(= to) + cognosco
[inf. cognoscere]
(= come to know) (< com
(= with, together) + gnosco
[inf. gnoscere]
(= know)).
acquire
< old
french
aquerre
(= gain)
< vulgar
latin
*acquaero
[inf. acquaerere]
< latin
acquiro
[inf. acquirere]
(= accumulate)
< ad
(= to) +
quaero
[inf. quarere]
(= seek).
acquit
< middle english aquiten
< old
french
a(c)quiter
(= pay, settle a claim) < a-
(< latin
ad
(= to)) + quite
(= free, clear) (< medieval
latin
quit(t)us
< latin
quietus
(= free)).
acre
< old
english æcer
(= tilled field)
< proto-germanic
*akraz
(= field).
acrobat
< french
acrobate
< ancient greek
ακροβάτης |
akrobhatēs
(= rope dancer) < άκρος
| akros (=
topmost) + -βάτης |
-bhatēs
(= walker) (< βαίνω |
bhaenō (=
go, step)).
acronym
< ancient greek
άκρος | akros
(= topmost) + όνυμα
| onyma
(= name).
acropolis
< ancient greek
akropolis
(= citadel) < άκρος |
akros
(= topmost) + polis
(= city).
across
< middle english o
cros < a-croiz
< acros
< anglo-french
an cros
(= on cross) < a-
(= on, in) + cross
(< old
english
cros
< latin
crux
[gen. crucis]
(= cross)).
acrylic
< latin
acer (=
sharp) + oleo
[inf. olere]
(= smell) + [suffix] -ic.
act
< latin actus
< ago
[inf. agere]
(= drive, lead, act).
actor
< middle english actor
< latin
actor
(= agent, theatrical player) < ago
[inf. agere]
(= drive, lead, act).
acute
< middle english acute
< latin
acutus,
past participle of acuo
[inf. acuere]
(= to sharpen).
A.D.
< medieval latin Anno
Domini
[nostri]
(= in the Year of [our] Lord) <
latin anno,
ablative of annus
(= year) + domini,
genitive of dominus
(= master, lord) (< domus
(= house)).
Adam
<
hebrew adam
(= man) < adamah
(= ground).
adamant
< old
english
aðamans
< latin
adamas
[gen. adamantis]
< ancient greek
αδάμας | adhamas
[gen. αδάμαντος |
adhamantos]
(= untamed) < α- | a-
(= without) + δάμνημι
| dhamnymi
(= conquer, tame).
adapt
< old
french adapter
< latin
adapto
[inf. adaptare]
(= adjust) < ad
(= to) + apto
[inf. aptare]
(= join).
add
< latin
addo [inf.
addere] (=
add, join) < ad
(= to) + do [inf.
dare] (=
give).
addendum
< latin
addendum (=
that which is to be added), neuter gerundive of addo
[inf. addere]
(= add to, join) < ad
(= to) + do
[inf. dare]
(= give).
addict
< latin addictus,
past participle of addico [inf.
addicere]
(= deliver, award) < ad
(= to) + dico
[inf. dicere]
(= say).
address
< old
french
adrecier
<
vulgar
latin
*addirectio
[inf. addirectiare]
(= make straight) <
ad
(= to) + *directio
[inf. directiare]
(= make straight) (<
latin
directus,
past participle of dirigo
[inf. dirigere]
(= set straight) <
dis-
(= apart) + rego
[inf. regere]
(= to direct, to guide).
Adelaide
<
french
Adélaide
[cf. old
high german
Adalhaid
< adal
(= noble family) (<
proto-germanic
*athala-)
+ heit
(= state, rank)].
adept
< latin
adeptus,
past participle of adipiscor
[inf. adipisci]
(= attain to, arrive at) < ad
(= to) + apiscor
[inf. apisci]
(= grasp, attain).
adequate
< latin
adaequatus,
past participle of adaequo
[inf. adaequare]
(= make equal to) < ad
(= to) + aequo
[inf. aequare]
(= make level) (< aequus
(= equal)).
adhere
< middle
french
adhérer
(= to stick, adhere) < aderer
< latin adhaero
[inf. adhaerare]
(= to stick to) < ad
(= to) + haero
[inf. haerere]
(= to stick).
ad
hoc < latin
ad hoc
(= to this, for this) < ad
(= to) + hoc,
neuter of hic
(= this).
ad
infinitum <
latin ad
infinitum (=
to infinity) < ad
(= to) + infinitum,
neuter of infinitus
(= endless) < in-
(= not) + finitus
(= definite) (< finis
(= end)).
adjective
< middle english adjective
< old
french
adjectif
< latin
adjectivus,
past participle of adjicio
[inf. adjicere]
(= throw to, add to) < ad
(= to) + jacio
[inf. jacere]
(= to throw).
adjourn
< middle english ajournen
< old
french ajorner
(= meet) < à jorn
(= to [another] day) < à
(< latin ad
(= to)) + journ
(= day) (< latin
diurnus
(= daily) < dies
(= day)).
adjudge
< middle english ajuge
< old
french
ajugier
(= to judge) < latin adjudico
[inf. adjudicare]
(= award as a judge) < ad
(= to) + judico
[inf. judicare]
(= to judge) (< judex
[gen. judicis]
(= a judge) < jus
[gen. juris]
(= law) + dico
[inf. dicere]
(= say)).
adjust
< middle english ajusten
< old
french
ajuster
/ ajoster
(= add, calibrate, regulate) < late
latin
adjuxto
[inf. adjuxtare]
(= bring near) < latin
ad
(= to) + juxta
(= close, next).
administer
< middle english a(d)ministren
(= to manage as a steward) < old
french
aministrer
(= to help) < latin administro
[inf. administrare]
(= to help) < ad
(= to) + ministro
[inf. ministrare]
(= to serve) (< minister
(= servant, priest’s assistant) < minus
(= less)).
admire
< old
french
admirer
(= look upon) < latin
admiror
[inf. admirari]
(= regard with wonder) <
ad
(= to) + miror
[inf. mirari]
(= wonder).
admit
< middle english admit
< latin
admitto
[inf. admittere]
(= admit, allow to enter) < ad
(= to) + mitto
[inf. mittere]
(= send).
adobe
< 1.
spanish
adobe
(= unburnt brick dried in the sun) (< (?) arabic
al-tob
(= the brick) <
coptic
tube
(= brick)) or 2. spanish adobar
(= daub, plaster).
adolescent
< middle english adolescent
< middle
french
adolescent
< latin adolescens
[gen. adolescentis],
present participle of adolesco
[inf. adolescere]
(= grow up) < ad
(= to) + alesco
[inf. alescere]
(= be nourished).
adopt
< middle
french
adopter <
latin
adopto
[inf. adoptare]
(= select, adopt) <
ad
(= to) + opto
[inf. optare]
(= choose, wish).
adore
< middle english
aouren
(= worship) <
old french
aorer
(= adore, worship) <
latin
adoro
[inf. adorare]
(= beseech, ask in prayer) <
ad
(= to) + oro
[inf. orare]
(= speak, pray).
adrenaline
< modern
latin
adrenal
(= of the kidneys) (< latin
ad
(= to) + renalis
(= of the kidneys) < renes
(= kidneys)) + [suffix] -ine.
adroit
< french
adroit
< à droit
(= according to right) < old
french à
(= to) + droit
(= right) (< medieval
latin
directum
/ drictum
(= right, law) < latin
directus,
past participle of dirigo
[inf. dirigere]
(= set straight) < dis-
(= apart) + rego
[inf. regere]
(= to direct, keep straight)).
adult
< latin
adultus,
past participle of adolesco
[inf. adolescere]
(= grow up) <
ad
(= to) + alesco
[inf. alescere]
(= be nourished).
advance
< middle english
avauncen
(= improve)
< old
french
avanci(e)r
(= go forward) <
vulgar
latin
*abanteo
< late
latin
abante
< ab
(= from) + ante
(= before).
adventure
< middle english
aventure <
old french
aventure
(= chance,
event) <
latin
adventura,
female future participle of advenio
[inf. advenire]
(= come to) <
ad
(= to) + venio
[inf. venire]
(= come).
adverb
< middle english adverb
< late
latin
adverbium
(= adverb) < ad
(= to) + verbum
(= verb, word).
adverse
< middle english adverse
< old
french
advers
< avers
(= contrary, foreign) < latin
adversus,
past participle of adverto
[inf. advertere]
(= to turn toward) < ad
(= to) + verto
[inf. vertere]
(= to turn).
advertise
< old
french
advertir
(= call attention) <
latin
adverto
[inf. advertere]
(= give heed) <
ad
(= to) + verto
[inf. vertere]
(= turn).
advice
< middle english
auys
(= opinion) <
old french
avis
(= opinion, view) < 1.
[ço m’est]
à vis (= it seems to me) or 2.
vulgar
latin
*[mi]
est visum
(= it is in my view) < latin
est (=
is) + visum,
neuter past participle of video
[inf. videre]
(= see).
aerial
< latin
aerius
(= airy) < ancient greek
αέριος
| a-erios
(= airy) <
αήρ
| aēr (=
air).
aerobic
< french
aérobie
< ancient greek
αήρ
| aēr
[gen. αέρος | a-eros]
(= air) + βίος
| bhios (=
life).
aeroplane
< french
aéroplane
<
ancient greek αήρ
| aēr
[gen. αέρος | a-eros]
(= air) + french
planer
(= soar) (<
latin
planus
(= level).
aesthetic
< german
Ästhetisch
/ french
esthétique
< ancient greek
αισθητικός
| aesthētikos
(= perceptible) <
αισθάνομαι
| aesthanomae
(= feel).
affair
< anglo-french
afere
/ old
french
afaire
(= business, event) <
à faire
(= to do) <
latin ad
(= to) + facio
[inf. facere]
(= do, make).
affect
< latin
affectus
(= disposition, mood) < affectus,
past participle of afficio
[inf. afficere]
(= treat, manage) <
ad
(= to) + facio
[inf. facere]
(= do,
make).
affinity
< middle english affinity
< old
french
afinite
(= relationship, neighborhood) < latin
affinitas
(= relationship, neighborhood) < affinis
(= adjoining, kin by marriage) < ad
(= to) + finis
(= border).
affirm
< middle
english
affirmen
< affermen
< old
french afermer
(= confirm, strengthen) < latin
affirmo
[inf. affirmare]
(= make steady, strengthen) < ad
(= to) + firmo
[inf. firmare]
(= make firm, strengthen) (< firmus
(= strong)).
afflict
< middle
english
afflict <
old french
aflicter
< latin
afflicto
[inf. afflictare]
(= to damage) (= overthrow) < ad
(= to) + fligo
[inf. fligere]
(= to strike).
affluent
< middle
english
affluent <
old french
afluent
< latin
affluens
[gen. affluentis],
present participle of affluo
[inf. affluere]
(= flow toward) < ad
(= to) + fluo
[inf. fluere]
(= to flow).
afford
< middle
english
aforth
< old
english
geforðian
(= put forth, carry out) <
forðian
(= further) <
forð
(= forward).
afraid
<
middle
english
affray
(= frighten) <
anglo-french
afrayer
< old
french
effrei
(= fright) <
esfreer
(= worry) <
vulgar
latin *exfrido
[inf. exfridare]
< latin
ex
(= out of) + frankish
*frithu
(= peace) (<
proto-germanic
*frithuz
(= peace, consideration)).
Africa
< latin
Africa
[terra] (=
African [land], Libya, the province of Africa, the continent Africa),
female of Africus
(= of Africa) <
Afer
[gen. Afris]
(= an African).
after
< old
english
æfter
(= behind, later in time) < of
(= off) + [suffix] -ter.
aftermath
< after
+ -math
(< old
english
mæð
(= cutting of grass)).
again
< old
english
agan
< ongean
(= toward,
against) <
on
+ -gegn
(= against, toward) (<
german
*gagina).
age
< old
french
aage
(= age,
life) <
vulgar
latin
*aetaticum
< latin
aetas
[gen. aetatis]
(= age, lifetime) <
aevum
(= lifetime, eternity).
agenda
< latin
agenda,
neuter plural gerundive of ago
[inf. agere]
(= drive, lead, act).
agent
< latin
agens
[gen. agentis],
present participle of ago
[inf. agere]
(= drive, lead, act).
aggravate
< latin
aggravatus,
past participle of aggravo
[inf. aggravare]
(= add to the weight of) < ad
(= to) + gravo
[inf. gravare]
(= weigh down) (< gravis
(= heavy)).
aggregate
< middle
english aggregate
< latin
aggregatus,
past participle of aggrego
[inf. aggregare]
(= join, bring together) < ad
(= to) + grego
[inf. gregare]
(= gather) (< grex
[gen. gregis]
(= flock)).
aggressive
< latin
aggressus,
past participle of aggredior
[inf. aggredi]
(= to approach, attack) < ad
(= to) + gradior
[inf. gradi]
(= to step) (< gradus
(= a step)).
agitate
< latin
agitatus,
past participle of agito
[inf. agitare]
(= put in constant motion) < ago
[inf. agere]
(= drive, lead, act).
ago
< older
agon
(= departed, passed away), past participle of ago(n)
(= proceed, go forth) <
old
english
agan
< a-
(= away) +
gan
(= go).
agony
< middle
english agony
< old
french
agonie
< late
latin
agonia
< ancient greek
αγωνία |
aghōnia
(= agony, anguish) < αγών
| aghōn
(= assembly, contest, trial) < άγω
| agō
(= drive, lead).
agree
< old
french
agreer
(= satisfy) < a gré
(= favorably) <
a (<
latin ad
(= to)) + gre(t)
(<
latin
gratus
(= pleasing, agreeable)).
ahead
< a-
(= on, in) + head
(< old
english
heafod
(= top of the body) < proto-germanic
*haubid).
aid
< old
french
aide
< aiudha
(= aid, help) <
latin
adiuta,
female past participle of adjuvo
[inf. adjuvare]
(= to give help to) <
ad
(= to) + juvo
[inf. juvare]
(= help, support).
ail
< middle
english ail
< old
english
eglan
(= to trouble, afflict) < proto-germanic
*azljaz.
aim
< old
french
aesmer
(= value, count) < latin
aestimo
[inf. aestimare]
(= appraise).
air
< old
french air
< latin
aer
(= air) <
ancient greek
αήρ | aēr
[gen. αέρος | a-eros]
(= air,
mist, haze).
airborne
< air
(< old
french air
< latin
aer
(= air) <
ancient greek
αήρ | aēr
[gen. αέρος | a-eros]
(= air)) +
borne,
past tense and participle of bear
(< old
english
beran
(= carry, bring, give birth to) <
proto-germanic
*beranan).
aisle
< middle
english ele
(= lateral division of a church) < old
french ele
(= wing, side of a ship) < latin
ala
(= wing, armpit).
ajar
< a jar
< (?) scottish
a char
(= turned a little way) < on char
(= on the turn) < a-
(= on, in) + middle
english
char
(= a turn) (< old
english
cier
(= a turn)).
a.k.a.
< [1935] also
known
as.
akin
< a-
(= on, in) + kin
(< middle
english kin
< old
english
cynn
(= family, sort, gender) < proto-germanic
*kunja-
(= family)).
Alan
< old
breton
[Saint]
Alan.
alarm
< old
french
alarme
<
italian
all’ arme
(= to the arms!) < alle
[< a
(< latin
ad
(= to)) + le
(<
latin ille
(= the))] + arme
(<
latin arma
(= weapons)).
Alaska
< russian Aljaskat
< aleut
alakshak
(= big
country, continent).
Albania
< medieval
latin
Albania
< medieval
greek
Αλβανία | Albhania
< (?) 1. I.E.
*alb
(= hill) or 2. I.E.
*albho-
(= white).
albatross
< (?) spanish
/ portuguese
albatross
< alcatraz
(= pelican, cormorant) < (?) 1.
arabic
al-ghattas
< al
(= the) +
ghattas
(= sea eagle) or 2. portuguese
alcatruz
(= bucket of a water wheel) <
arabic al-qadus
< al
(= the) +
qadus
(= machine for drawing water, jar) (< ancient
greek κάδος
| kadhos
(= jar)) [(?) as a reference to the pelican's pouch].
Albert
<
german
Albert
< old
high german
Adalbert
(= noble
bright) <
adal
(= noble family) (<
proto-germanic
*athala-)
+ proto-germanic
*berhta-
(= bright).
album
< latin
album,
neuter of albus
(= white) [a white board for public notices].
Alcatraz
< spanish /
portuguese
alcatraz
(= pelican, cormorant) < (?) 1.
arabic
al-ghattas
< al
(= the) +
ghattas
(= sea eagle) or 2. portuguese
alcatruz
(= bucket of a water wheel) <
arabic al-qadus
< al
(= the) +
qadus
(= machine for drawing water, jar) (< ancient
greek κάδος
| kadhos
(= jar)) [(?) as a reference to the pelican’s pouch].
alchemy
< middle english
alchemy
< old french
alchimie
< alquemie
< medieval latin
alchimia
< arabic
al-kimiya
< al
(= the) + kimiya
(= chemistry) < ancient greek
χημεία
| khēmoea
(= chemistry) < (?) a compound of Χημία
| Khēmia
(< egyptian Kmt
(= Egypt) < kmm
(= I am black [(= fertile) soil])) + ancient
greek χυμός
| khymos
(= juice) (< χέω
| kheō (=
to pour, cast)).
alcohol
< medieval
latin
alcohol
(= powdered ore of antimony) <
arabic
al-kuhul
(= the kohl) [a metallic powder for darken the eyelids]
< al
(= the) +
kahala
(= to stain, paint).
alderman
< old
english
aldormann
/ ealdormonn
(= ruler, chief) < aldor
/ ealder
(= patriarch) < ald
(= old) + mann
/ monn
(= man).
alert
<
french
alerte
(= vigilant) <
à l’ erte
(= on the watch) <
italian
all’ erta
(= to the height) < alle
[< a
(< latin
ad
(= to)) + le
(<
latin ille
(= the))] + erta,
female past participle of ergo
[inf. ergere]
(= raise up) (<
latin
erigo [inf.
erigere]
(= raise)).
Alfred
< old
english
Ælfræd <
ælf
(= elf) + ræd
(= counsel).
algebra
<
medieval
latin
algebra
< arabic
[al-mukhtasar fi hisab]
al-jabr
[wa al-muqabala]
(= [the compendium on calculation by] restoring [and balancing]),
title of mathematician Al-Khwarizmi’s book < al
(= the) +
jabr
(= reunion
of broken parts) (< jabara
(= reunite)).
Algeria
< arabic
al-Jazair
< al
(= the) +
jazair,
plural of jezira
(= island)
[in reference to the islands next to this city].
algorithm
< french
algorithme
[under mistaken connection with ancient
greek αριθμός
| arithmos (= number)] < old
french
algorisme
(= the arabic numeral system) <
medieval latin
algorismus
< arabic
al-Khwarizmi,
famous mathematician [cf. algebra].
alias
< latin
alias
(= at
another time or way) <
alius
(= other, different).
alibi
< latin
alibi
(= elsewhere)
< alius
(= other, different).
Alice
< old
french
Aliz
< old
high german
Adalhaid
< adal
(= noble family) + heit
(= state, rank).
alien
< old
french
alien
(= strange, foreign) <
latin
alienus
(= foreign) < alius
(= other, different).
alienate
< latin
alienatus,
past participle of alieno
[inf. alienare]
(= estrange, set at variance) < alienus
(= foreign) < alius
(= other, another).
alike
< middle
english aliche
< old
english
anlig
(= similar, resembling) < an
/ on
+ like
(< old
english
lic
(= body) < lik,
a shortening of y-lik
< old
english
gelic
(= similar)).
alimony
< latin alimonia
(= food, nourishment) < aleo
[inf. alere]
(= to nourish, support) + [suffix] -monia
(= action, state, condition).
Alison
<
french
Alison
< Alice
< old
french
Aliz
< old
high german
Adalhaid
(< adal
(= noble family) + heit
(= state, rank)).
alive
< middle
english alive
< old
english on
life (= in living) < a-
(= on, in) + lif
(= life) (< proto-germanic
*leiban).
alkali
< middle
english alkali
< medieval
latin
alkali
< arabic
al-qaliy
(= the ashes) < al
(= the) + qala
(= to roast in a pan).
all
< old
english
eall
(= every, entire) <
proto-germanic
*alnaz.
Allah
<
arabic
Allah
< al-Ilah
< al
(= the) + Ilah
(= God).
allege
< middle
english allege
< anglo-french
aleger
/ old
french
eslegier
(= to clear at law) < latin
ex
(= out of) + litigo
[inf. litigare]
(= bring suit).
allegory
< middle
english allegory
< old
french
allegorie
< latin
allegoria
< ancient greek
αλληγορία |
allēghoria
(= figurative language) < άλλος
| allos
(= another) + αγορεύω
| aghorevō
(= speak in the assembly) (< αγορά
| aghora
(= public assembly)).
Allen
< Alan <
old breton
[Saint]
Alan.
allergy
< german
Allergie
< ancient greek
άλλος |
allos (=
another) + έργον |
erghon (=
work).
alley
< middle
english alley
< old
french
alee
(= path, way) < alee,
female past participle of aler
(= go) < (?) latin
ambulo
[inf. ambulare]
(= walk).
alligator
< (a)ligarto
< spanish
el
lagarto
[de Indias]
(= the lizard [of Indies]) < el
(= the) (< latin
ille (=
he, this)) + latin
lacerta
(= lizard).
allocate
< medieval
latin
allocate,
imperative plural of alloco
[inf. allocare]
< adloco
[inf. adlocare]
(= allocate) < ad
(= to) + loco
[inf. locare]
(= to place) (< locus (=
a place)).
allot
< middle
english al(l)ot
< old
french
aloter
(= divide by lots) < à
(< latin ad
(= to)) + loter
(= lot) (< germanic
origin).
allow
< middle
english
allouen
(= commend, praise) < anglo-french
alouer
< old
french
aloer
(= to
place, arrange) <
latin
alloco
[inf. allocare]
< adloco
[inf. adlocare]
(= allocate) < ad
(= to) + loco
[inf. locare]
(= to place) (< locus (=
a place)).
allude
< middle
french
alluder
< latin
alludo
[inf. alludere]
< adludo
[inf. adludere]
(= to play, joke) < ad
(= to) + ludo
[inf. ludere]
(= to play).
ally
< middle
english ally
(= to join in marriage) < old
french
alier
(= combine, unite) < aliier
< latin
alligo
[inf. alligare]
< adligo
[inf. adligare]
(= bind to) < ad
(= to) + ligo
[inf. ligare]
(= to bind, tie the hands).
Alma
Mater <
latin Alma
Mater
(= nurturing
mother) [a title given by Romans to certain goddesses] <
alma,
female of almus
(= nurturing)
< alo
[inf. alere]
(= nourish, support)) + mater
(= mother).
almighty
< old
english
ælmihtig
(= all-powerful) < æl
(< eall
(= entire) <
proto-germanic
*alnaz)
+ mihtig
(< mæhtig
(= having strength) < proto-germanic
*mahtiga-).
almond
< old
french
almande
< alemondle
(= almond) <
vulgar
latin *amendla
< *amandula
< latin
amygdala,
plural of amygdalum
< ancient
greek αμυγδάλιον
| amyghdhalion
(= almond) <
αμυγδάλη
| amyghdhalē
(= almond tree).
almost
< old
english
eallmæst <
all
+ most.
alone
< old
english
all
ana
(= all by oneself) <
all
+ an
(= one).
along
< old
english
andlang
(= entire, continuous) < proto-germanic
*andi-,
*anda-
(= against)) + lang
(< old
english
lang
(= long, tall) < proto-germanic
*langa-
(= long)).
aloud
< middle
english aloud
< a-
(= on, in) + loud
(< old
english
hlud
(= noisy) < proto-germanic
*hludaz
(= heard)).
alpha
< latin
alpha
< ancient
greek άλφα
| alpha <
phoenician
aleph
(= ox)
< semitic
eleph
(= ox)
< (?) egyptian
hieroglyph (of inverse A) as an ox’s
head with horns.
alphabet
< late
latin
alphabetum
<
ancient greek
αλφάβητος |
alphabhētos < άλφα
| alpha
[see
alpha] + βήτα | bhēta
(<
phoenician
beth
(= house)).
Alps
<
french
Alpes
< latin
Alpes
(= the Alps) < (?) 1. altus
(= high) or 2. albus
(= white) or 3. celtic
source.
also
< old
english
eallswa
(= just as, so as) < eal
swa
< all
+ so.
altar
< old
english
altar
/ alter <
latin
altare
[plural altaria]
(= altar).
alter
(= to change) < old
frenc halterer
<
medieval
latin
altero
[inf. alterare]
(= to change) <
latin
alter
(= the other).
alternate
< latin
alternatus,
past participle of alterno
[inf. alternare]
(= do one after the other) <
alternus
(= one after the other) <
alter
(= the other).
altitude
< middle
english altitude
< latin
altitudo
(= height) < altus
(= high).
altruism
< french
altruisme
< old
french
altrui
(= of the others) < latin
alter
[gen. altri]
(= other).
aluminum
< french
alumina,
alumine
< latin
alumen
(= alum).
always
< old
english
ealne
weg
(= all the time, perpetually) < all
+ way.
a.m.
< an abbreviation of latin
ante
meridiem
(= before noon) < ante
(= before) + meridiem,
accusative of meridies
(= noon) (< medius
(= middle) + dies
(= day)).
am
< old
english
eom
(= to be) <
proto-germanic
*izm(i)-
< I.E.
*esmi-
< *es-
(= to be).
amalgam
< middle
english amalgam
< old
french amalgame
< medieval
latin
amalgama
(= alloy of mercury) < (?) 1. ancient
greek μάλαγμα
| malaghma
(= softening substance) < μαλάσσω
| malassō
(= to soften) < μαλακός
| malakos
(= soft) or 2. arabic
al-magham
/ al-madjma’a
(= emollient poultice for sores) < al
(= the) + ancient greek
μάλαγμα |
malagma.
Amanda
< latin
amanda (=
pleasing), female gerundive of amo
[inf. amare]
(= to love).
amateur
< french
amateur
(= lover) <
latin
amator
(= lover,
friend) < amatus,
past participle of amo
[inf. amare]
(= to love).
amaze
<
middle
english
amased
(= stunned, dazed, foolish) <
old
english
amasod
< [prefix] a-
+ *mæs
(< a compound of amasod
(= amazed) + amasian
(= confuse)).
ambassador
< old
french
ambassateor
/ embassator
< latin
ambactus
(= servant, vassal) <
celtic
amb(i)actos
(= messenger, servant).
amber
< middle
english ambre
[grice] (=
[gray] amber) < old
french
ambre [gris]
(= [gray] amber) < arabic
‘anbar
(= ambergris, morbid secretion).
ambient
< latin
ambiens
[gen. ambientis],
present participle of ambio
[inf. ambire]
(= go around) <
ambi-
(= around) + eo
[inf. ire]
(= go).
ambiguous
< latin
ambiguus
(= having double meaning, doubtful) < ambigo
[inf. ambigere]
(= to wander, dispute about, contend) < ambi-
(= around) + ago
[inf. agere]
(= drive, lead, act).
ambition
< middle
english ambition
< old
french
ambicion
< ambitio
[gen. ambitionis]
(= a going around, desire for honor) < ambeo
[inf. ambire]
(= go around) < ambi-
(= around) + eo
[inf. ire]
(= go).
amble
< middle
english amble
< old
french
ambler
(= go steady) < latin
ambulo
[inf. ambulare]
(= go about) < (?) ambi-
(= around) + -ulare
(<
I.E. *el-
(= go)).
ambulance
< french
ambulance
< [hospital]
ambulant
(= walking
[hospital]) <
latin ambulans
[gen. ambulantis],
present participle of ambulo
[inf. ambulare]
(= go about) < (?) ambi-
(= around) + -ulare
(<
I.E. *el-
(= go)).
ambush
< middle
english embushen
< old
french
embuschier
(= to hide, lay an ambush) < en-
(= in) + busch
(= wood) (< frankish
*busk
(= bush, woods)).
Amelia
< latin Amelia
(=
laborious) < germanic
origin.
amen
< late
latin amen
< ancient greek
αμήν |
amēn <
hebrew
amen
(= truth) < semitic
a-m-n
(= to be trustworthy, confirm).
America
< modern
latin
americanus
< italian
Amerigo
[Vespucci],
an Italian geographer [who claimed first to have discovered a new
continent, not the India as Chr. Colombo believed, and call it New
World] < (?) gothic
Amalrich
(= work-ruler).
ammonia
< modern latin ammonia
< [sal]
ammoniac
(= [salt] ammoniac) < ancient greek
αμμωνιακόν
[κόμμι]
| ammōniakon
[kommi]
(= ammoniac [gum]) < Αμμωνία
| Ammōnia,
a place in Libya < Άμμων
[Ζεύς]
| Ammōn [Zeus]
(= Ammon [Jupiter]), an egyptian-greek god [with a temple near this
place] < egyptian
Amun,
a god of Egypt.
ammunition
< middle
french la
munition < *l’
amunition < latin
munitio
[gen. munitionis]
(= a fortifying) < munio
[inf. munire]
(= fortify) < moenia
(= defensive walls).
amnesia
< french
amnésia
< ancient
greek
αμνησία | amnēsia
(= forgetfulness) < α- |
a- (=
without) + stem μνη-
| mnē-
of μνώμαι | mnōmae
(= remember).
amnesty
< french
amnistie
< latin amnestia
< ancient greek
αμνηστία |
amnēstia
(= forgetfulness) < άμνηστος
| amnēstos
(= forgetful) < α- | a-
(= without) + μνήστις
| mnēstis
(= remembrance) (< stem μνη-
| mnē-
of μνώμαι | mnōmae
(= remember)).
amok
< malay
amuk
(= attacking furiously).
among
< old
english
amang
< old
english
onmang
< ongemang
(= among, during) <
on gemang
(= in the
crowd) <
on
+ gemengan
(= mingle) <
proto-germanic
*mangjan
(= knead together).
amoral
< ancient greek
a-
| a- (=
without) + english moral
(< latin
moralis
(= proper behavior) < latin
mos
[gen. moris]
(= disposition) [plural mores]
(= manners, customs)).
amount
< old
french
amonter
(= rise, signify) <
amont
(= upward,
uphill) < a mont
(= to
the mountain) <
a
(< latin
ad
(= to) + mont
(< latin
mons
[gen. montis]
(= mountain)).
amphibian
< ancient
greek
αμφίβιος | amphibhios
(= living a double life) < αμφί
| amphi (=
of both kinds) + βίος |
bhios (=
life).
amphitheatre
< middle
english amphitheater
< latin
amphitheatrum
< ancient greek
αμφιθέατρον |
amphitheatron
< αμφί |
amphi (=
on both sides) + θέατρον
| theatron
(= theater) (< θεώμαι
| theōmae
(= be seen, behold) < θέα
| thea
(= view)).
ample
< middle
english ample
< old
french
ample
(= large, wide) < latin
amplus
(= large, spacious) < proto-italic
*amlo-
(= seizable).
amplify
< old
french
amplifier
< latin
amplifico
[inf. amplificare]
(= enlarge) <
amplus
(= large) + facio
[inf. facere]
(= make, do).
amputate
< amputation
< latin
amputatus,
past participle of amputo
[inf. amputare]
(= cut off, cut around) < ambi-
(= around) + puto
[inf. putare]
(= to prune, cut).
Amsterdam
< dutch
Amstel,
a river (< germanic
ama
(= current) + stelle
(= place)) + [suffix] -dam
[in place names].
amuse
< old
french
amuser
(= fool, tease, hoax) <
a
(< latin
ad
(= to)) + muser
(= ponder, stare fixedly).
an(a)emia
< french
anaemia
< ancient greek
αναιμία |
anaemia (=
lack of blood) < άναιμος
| anaemos
(= bloodless) < α(ν)-
| a(n)-
(= without) + ‘αίμα
| haema
(= blood).
an(a)esthesia
< ancient greek
αναισθησία |
anaesthēsia
(= lack of sensation) < α(ν)-
| a(n)-
(= without) + αισθητός
| aesthētos
(= tangible) (< αισθάνομαι
| aesthanomae
(= feel)).
analogy
< old
french
analogie
< latin
analogia
< ancient greek αναλογία
| analoghia
(= proportion) < ανάλογος
| analoghos
(= proportional) < ανά
| ana
(= upon) + λόγος
| loghos
(= a speaking) (< λέγω
| leghō
(= speak)).
analysis
< medieval
latin
analysis
< ancient greek
ανάλυσις |
analysis
(= loosening, solution) < αναλύω
| analyō
(= unloose, analyze) < ανά
| ana
(= up) + λύω | lyō
(= unfasten).
anarchy
< french
anarchie
< medieval
latin
anarchia
< ancient greek αναρχία
| anarkhia
(= lack of a leader) < άναρχος
| anarkhos
(= rulerless) < α(ν)-
| a(n)-
(= without) + άρχω
| arkhō
(= to lead, rule).
anathema
< latin
anathema
(= the curse of excommunication) < ancient
greek ανάθεμα
| anathema
(= a thing accursed) < ανάθημα
| anathēma
(= a thing set up to the gods) < ανατίθημι
| anatithēmi
(= devote, dedicate) < ανά
| ana
(= up) + τίθημι |
tithemi (=
to put).
anatomy
< old
french
anatomie
< late
latin
anatomia
< ancient greek
ανατομή |
anatome (=
dissection) < ανατέμνω
| anatemnō
(= dissect) < ανά
| ana
(= up) + τέμνω |
temnō (=
to cut).
ancestor
< middle english
ancestre
| antecessour
< old
french
ancestre
| ancessor
(= ancestor, forefather) <
late latin
antecessor
(= predecessor) < latin
antecessus,
past participle of antecedo
[inf. antecedere]
(= to precede) <
ante
(= before) + cedo
[inf. cedere]
(= go).
anchor
< old
english
ancor
< latin
ancora
(= an anchor) <
ancient greek
άγκυρα
| angkyra
(= anchor, hook).
ancient
< older auncyen
< old
french
ancien
(= old, ancient) <
vulgar
latin
*anteanus
< latin
ante
(= before).
and
< old
english
and
/ ond
(= thereupon,
next) <
proto-germanic
*unda
< I.E.
*en
(= in).
Andalusia
<
spanish Andalusia
< arabic
al Andalus
< al
(= the) +
Andalus
(< (?) late
latin
*Vandalicia
(= the country of Vandals) < latin
Vandali (=
Vandals), a germanic tribe [settled in southern Spain] < (?)
proto-germanic *wandljaz
(= wanderer)).
Andrew
< old
french
Andreu
< late
latin
Andreas
<
ancient greek
Ανδρέας
| Andhreas
< ανήρ
| anēr
[gen. ανδρός | andhros]
(= man).
android
< modern
latin androides <
ancient greek ανήρ
| anēr
[gen. ανδρός
| andhros]
(= man, human) + είδος
| oedhos
(= form).
Andy
< a shortening of Andrew
(q.v.).
anemia
< anaemia <
french
anaemia
< ancient greek
αναιμία |
anaemia (=
lack of blood) < άναιμος
| anaemos
(= bloodless) < α(ν)-
| a(n)-
(= without) + ‘αίμα
| haema
(= blood).
anesthesia
< anaesthesia
< ancient greek
αναισθησία |
anaesthēsia
(= lack of sensation) < α(ν)-
| a(n)-
(= without) + αισθητός
| aesthētos
(= tangible) (< αισθάνομαι
| aesthanomae
(= feel)).
angel
< old
english
engel
/ old
french
angele
< late
latin
angelus
< ancient
greek άγγελος
| anggelos
(= messenger).
anger
< old
norse angr
(= distress, sorrow)
< proto-germanic
*angaz (=
painful).
angle
< old
french
angle
< latin
angulus
(= angle, corner).
Angle
< old
english Angle
< latin
Angli
< Angul,
a region (today, Holstein) [so called for its shape like a hook or
for their fishing with hooks] < latin
angulus
(= angle).
Angus
< scottish
Angus,
related to irish
Aonghus
< celtic
oen
(= one) + old
irish gus
(= ability, strength).
animal
< latin
animal
(= living being) < animalis
(= animate,
living) <
anima
(= breath, soul).
animate
< latin
animatus,
past participle of animo
[inf. animare]
(= give breath to) <
anima
(= breath, soul).
Anna
< latin
Anna
< ancient
greek Άννα
| Anna <
hebrew
Hannah
(= grace).
annihilate
<
medieval
latin
annihilatus,
past participle of annihilo
[inf. annihilare]
(= reduce to nothing) <
latin
adnihilo
[inf. adnihilare]
< ad
(= to) + nihil
(= nothing).
anniversary
< medieval
latin
anniversarium
< latin
anniversarius
(= returning
annually) <
annus
[gen. anni]
(= year) +
versus,
past participle of verto
[inf. vetrere]
(= turn).
announce
< old
french
anoncier
< latin
annuntio
[inf. annuntiare]
< adnuntio
[inf. adnuntiare]
(= make known) <
ad
(= to) + nuntio
[inf. nuntiare]
(= report) (<
nuntius
(= messenger)).
annoy
< middle english
anoien
/ annuien
(= harm, hurt) <
anglo-french
anuier
/ old
french
anuier
(= be troublesome to) < late
latin
inodio [inf.
iniodiare]
(= make loathsome) <
latin
[est] in
odio
(= [it is] hateful) <
in
(= into) + odium
(= hatred).
annual
< old
french
annuel
(= yearly) < medieval
latin
annualis
(= yearly) < latin
annalis
< annus
(= year).
Annuit
Coeptis
(words on the Great Seal of the U.S.A.) <
latin
[audacibus]
annue
coeptis
(= [favor (my)] daring undertakings), a phrase from poet Virgil (with
a change of annue to annuit) < annuo
[inf. annuere]
(= agree to) (< adnuo
[inf. adnuere]
< ad
(= to) + nuo
[inf. nuere]
(= to nod)) + coeptus,
past participle of coepio
[inf. coepere]
(= begin) (< cum
(= with) + ap(i)o
[inf. ap(i)ere]
(= happen on).
anode
< ancient greek
άνοδος
| anodhos
(= way upward) <
άνω | anō
(= upward) +
‘οδός
| hodhos
(= way).
anonymous
< late
latin
anonymus
< ancient greek
ανώνυμος |
anōnymos
(= without a name) < α(ν)-
| a(n)-
(= without) + όνυμα
| onyma
(= name).
anorexia
< ancient greek
ανορεξία |
anorexia <
α(ν)-
| a(n)-
(= without) + όρεξις
| orexis
(= appetite, desire) (< ορέγω
| oregō
(= to desire)).
another
< middle
english another
< old
english an
(= one) + other
(< old
english
oþer
(= second, further) < proto-germanic
*anthera-).
answer
< old
english
andswaru
(= response) <
and-
(= against) + -swaru
(= affirmation) (<
swerian
(= swear)).
ant
< middle
english
ampte
< old
english
æmette
(= ant) <
germanic
*emaitjon
< a compound of *e-
(= off, away) + *mai-
(= cut).
antagonize
< ancient
greek ανταγωνίζομαι
| antaghonizomae
(= to struggle against) < αντί
| anti
(= against) + αγωνίζομαι
| aghonizomae
(= to contend for a prize) (< αγών
| aghōn
(= a contest, trial) < άγω
| aghō
(= drive, lead, act)).
Antarctica
< antarctic
< middle english antartyk
< old
french antartique
< medieval latin
antarcticus
< ancient greek
ανταρκτικός
| antarktikos
(< αντί |
anti (=
against, opposite) + αρκτικός
| arktikos
(= arctic, of the constellation Bear [= Ursa major]) < άρκτος
| arktos
(= bear)).
antenna
< latin
antenna
/ antemna
(= sail yard).
anthem
< old
english
antefn /
ontemn
(= a
composition sung in alternate parts) <
late latin
antefana
< ancient
greek αντίφωνα
|
antiphōna, plural of αντίφωνον
|
antiphōnon (= verse response) <
αντί
| anti (=
versus) + φωνή
| phōnē
(= voice).
anthology
< latin anthologia
< ancient
greek ανθολογία
| anthologhia
(= flower collection, collection of
poems) < άνθος |
anthos (=
flower) + -λογία |
-loghia (=
collection) (< -λόγος
| -loghos
(= collector) < λέγω |
leghō (=
collect, speak)).
anthropology
< modern
latin
anthropologia
< ancient greek
άνθρωπος |
anthrōpos
(= human being) + -λογία
| -loghia
(= study) (< λόγος
| loghos
(= a speaking) < λέγω
| leghō
(= speak)).
antibiotic
< french
antibiotique
< ancient greek
αντί |
anti (=
against) + late
latin
bioticus
(= of life) (< ancient greek
βιοτικός |
bhiotikos
(= pertaining to life) < βίος
| bhios (=
life)).
anticipate
< latin
anticipatus,
past participle of anticipo
[inf. anticipare]
(= take ahead of time) < anti
/ ante
(= before) + capio
[inf. capere]
(= take, hold).
antidote
< middle
french
antidot
< latin
antidotus |
antidotum
(= a remedy against poison) < ancient
greek αντίδοτον
[φάρμακον]
| antidhoton
[pharmakon]
(= [drug] given as a remedy) < αντιδίδωμι
| antidhidhōmi
(= give instead of) < αντί
| anti (=
against) (see anti-) + δίδωμι
| dhidhōmi
(= give).
antique
< middle
french
antique
(= old) <
late latin
anticus
< latin antiquus
(= ancient,
old) [cf. ante
(= before)].
antiseptic
< ancient greek αντί
| anti
(= against) + english septic
(< latin
septicus
(= pertaining to putrefaction) < ancient
greek σηπτικός
| sēptikos
(= characterized by putrefaction) < σήπω
| sēpō
(= make rotten).
Anthony
< latin
Antonius <
(?) etruscan
origin.
anxious
< latin
anxius
(= solicitous, uneasy) < ango
[inf. angere]
(= to squeeze, cause distress).
any
< old
english
ænig
(= anyone) <
proto-germanic
*ainagas
(= one, unique).
Apache
< (?) american
indian 1.
apachewatche
(= man of war) or 2.‘epache
(= people).
apart
< middle
english apart
< old
french a
part (= to the side) < a
(< latin
ad
(= to)) + part (<
latin pars
[gen. partis]
(= part, piece)).
apartheid
<
afrikaans
apartheid
(= separateness)
< dutch
apart
(= separate) + [suffix] -heid
( = -hood).
ape
< old
english
ape,
female of apa
(= monkey) <
proto-germanic
*apan.
aperitif
<
french
apéritif
< latin
aperitivus
< aperio
[inf. aperire]
(= to open).
apiary
< latin
apiarium
(= beehive) < apiarius
(= of bees) <
apis
(= bee).
apocalypse
< middle
english apocalypse
< late
latin
apocalypsis
(= revelation) < ancient greek
αποκάλυψις |
apokalypsis
< αποκαλύπτω
| apokalyptō
(= to uncover) < από
| apo
(= off, from) + καλύπτω
| kalyptō
(= to cover).
apo
koinu < ancient
greek από
κοινού
| apo koenou
(= in
common) < από
| apo (=
from) + κοινός
| koenos
[gen. κοινού | koenou]
(= common).
apology
< late
latin
apologia
< ancient
greek απολογία
| apologhia
(= a speech in defense) <
απολογούμαι
| apologhoumae
(= speak in one's defense) <
απόλογος
| apologhos
(= speech, account) <
από
| apo (=
from, off) + λόγος
| loghos
(= a speaking) (< λέγω
| leghō
(= speak)).
apostle
< old
english
apostol
< late
latin apostolus
< ancient
greek απόστολος
| apostolos
(= messenger, envoy) <
αποστέλλω
| apostellō
(= send forth) <
από
| apo (=
off, from) + στέλλω
| stellō
(= send).
apparatus
< latin
apparatus
(= equipment, preparation) < apparo
[inf. apparare]
< adparo
[inf. adparare]
(= make ready) < ad
(= to) + paro
[inf. parare]
(= prepare).
apparel
< middle
english apparel
< old
french
apareillier
(= prepare) < vulgar
latin
*appariculo
[inf. appariculare]
< 1. latin
apparo
[inf. apparare]
< adparo
[inf. adparare]
(= make ready) < ad
(= to) + paro
[inf. parare]
(= prepare) or 2. vulgar
latin
*adpariculo
[inf. adparticulare]
(= put things together) < latin
ad
(= to) + particula
(= little part) (< a diminutive of pars
[gen. partis]
(= piece, part)).
appeal
< anglo-french
apeler
(= call upon, accuse) / old
french apeler
(= make an appeal) <
latin
appello
[inf. apellare]
(= accost, appeal to) < adpello
[inf. adpellare]
(= prepare) <
ad
(= to) + pello
[inf. pellere]
(= beat, push).
appear
< old
french
aparoir
/ aperer
(= come forth) <
latin
appareo [inf.
apparere]
< adpareo
[inf. adparere]
(= appear) <
ad
(= to) + pareo
[inf. parere]
(= come forth, be visible).
appease
< middle
english appease
< anglo-french
apeser
/ old
french
apaisier
(= pacify) < a paisier
(= bring to peace) < a
(< latin ad
(= to)) + pais
(= peace) (< latin
pax
[gen. pacis]
(= peace)).
append
< old
french
apendre
(= belong,
hang) < latin
appendo
[inf. appendere]
< adpendo
[inf. adpendere]
(= cause to hang, weigh out) <
ad
(= to) + pendo
[inf. pendere]
(= hang, weight).
appendix
< latin
appendix
(= addition, continuation) < appendo
[inf. appendere]
< adpendo
[inf. adpendere]
(= cause to hang) <
ad
(= to) + pendo
[inf. pendere]
(= hang).
appetite
< anglo-french
appétit
/ old
french
apetit
< latin
appetitus
(= appetite) <
adpetitus,
past participle of adpeto
[inf. adpetere]
(= desire) <
ad
(= to) + peto
[inf. petere]
(= go to, seek out).
applause
< latin
applausus,
past participle of applaudo
[inf. applaudere]
(= approve by clapping hands) <
latin
adplaudo
[inf. adplaudere]
< ad
(= to) + plaudo
[inf. plaudere]
(= to clap).
apple
< old
english
æppel
(= apple, fruit) <
proto-germanic
*ap(a)laz
< I.E.
*ab(e)l-
(= apple).
apply
< old
french
aploier
(= apply, use, attach) <
latin
applico
[inf. applicare]
<
adplico
[inf. adplicare]
(= join, connect) <
ad
(= to) + plico
[inf. plicare]
(= fold).
appoint
< middle
english appoint
< anglo-french
appointer
/ old
french apointier
(= make ready, arrange) < apointer
(= duly, fitly) < à
point
(= to the point) < a-
(< latin ad
(= to)) + point
(= point) (< latin
punctum
(= small hole)).
apportion
< middle
french
apportionner
< old
french
aporcioner (=
share out) < a-
(< latin ad
(= to)) + portioner
(= to divide into portions) (< portion
(= share) < latin
portio
[gen. portionis]
(= share, part) < *partio
< pars
[gen. partis]
(= piece, part)).
appreciate
< late
latin
appretiatus,
past participle of appretio
[inf. appretiare]
< adpretio
[inf. adpretiare]
(= set a price to) <
ad
(= to) + pretium
(= price).
apprehend
< middle
english apprehend
< latin
apprehendo
[inf. apprehendere]
(= take hold of) < ad
(= to) + pre(he)ndo
[inf. pre(he)ndere]
(= to seize) (< prae-
(= before) + -hendo
[inf. -hendere]
(= to seize)).
apprentice
< middle
english apprentice
< old
french
aprentiz
(= learning) < aprendre
(= learn, teach) < latin
apprehendo
[inf. apprehendere]
(= take hold of) < ad
(= to) + pre(he)ndo
[inf. pre(he)ndere]
(= to seize) (< prae-
(= before) + -hendo
[inf. -hendere]
(= to seize)).
approach
< anglo-french
approcher
/ old
french
aprochier
< late
latin
appropio
[inf. appropiare]
< adpropio
[inf. adpropiare]
(= go nearer to) <
latin ad
(= to) + propio
[inf. propiare]
(= come nearer) (< prope
(= near)).
appropriate
< late
latin
appropriatus,
past participle of approprio
[inf. appropiare]
< adproprio
[inf. adpropiare]
(= make one’s own) <
latin ad
(= to) + proprio
[inf. propiare]
(= take as one's own) <
proprius
(= one’s own).
approve
< old
french
aprover
< latin
approbo
[inf. aprobare]
< adprobo
[inf. adprobare]
(= regard as good) <
ad
(= to) + probo
[inf. probare]
(= try, test) (<
probus
(= honest, genuine)).
approximate
< late
latin
approximatus,
past participle of approximo
[inf. approximare]
< adproximo
[inf. adproximare]
(= come near to) <
latin ad
(= to) + proximo
[inf. proximare]
(= come near) <
proximus
(= nearest), superlative of prope
(= near).
apricot
< french
abricot
< catalan abercoc
<
portuguese
albricoque
< arabic
al-birquq
< ancient greek
βερίκοκ(κ)ον
| bherikok(k)on
< latin
praecox
[persicum]
(= early-ripening [peach]) < praecox
[gen. praecocis]
< prae
(= in front) + coquo
[inf. coquere]
(= to cook).
April
< old
french
avril
< latin
Aprilis
< 1.
aperio
[inf. aperire]
(= open) or 2. (?) etruscan
Apru
< ancient greek
Αφρώ
| Aphrō <
Αφροδίτη
| Aphrodhitē,
the goddess of love.
apt
< middle
english apt
< old
french ate
(= suitable) < latin
aptus
(= fit, proper) < aptus,
past participle of *apo
[inf. apere]
(= to join, tie to).
aptitude
< middle
english aptitude
< late
latin
aptitudo
(= fitness) < latin aptus
(= fit, proper) < aptus,
past participle of *apo
[inf. apere]
(= to join, tie to).
aqualung
< latin
aqua
(= water) + lung
(< old
english
[plural] lungen
< proto-germanic
*lunganjo-
(= lung)).
aquarelle
<
french
aquarelle
<
italian
acquerella
(= water-color), a diminutive of acqua
(= water) <
latin aqua
(= water) < I.E.
*akwa-
(= water).
aquarium
< latin
aquarium
(= water-carrier)
< aquarius
(= pertaining to water) < aqua
(= water) < I.E. *akwa-
(= water).
Aquarius
< latin
aquarius
(= water carrier) < aqua
(= water).
Arab
< old
french
Arabi
< latin
Arabs <
ancient greek
Άραψ
| Araps
[gen. Άραβος | Arabhos)
< arabic
‘arab
(= (?) inhabitant of the desert).
arbiter
< middle
english arbiter
< old
french
arbitre
(= arbiter, judge) < latin
arbiter
(= a judge, mediator) < ad
(= to) + beto
/ bito [inf.
betere /
bitere] (=
walk, go).
arc
< middle
english arc
< old
french arc
(= bow, arch) < latin
arcus
(= bow, arch) < proto-italic
*arkwo-
(= bow).
arcade
< french
arcade
< (?) italian
arcata
(= arch of a bridge) <
arco
(= arc) <
latin
arcus
(= bow, arch).
arch
< old
french
arche
< latin
arcus
(= bow, arch).
archaeology
< french
archéologie
< ancient greek
αρχαιολογία |
arkhaeologhia
< αρχαίος |
arkhaeos
(= ancient) (< αρχή
| arkhē
(= a beginning)) + -λογία
| -loghia
(= study) (< λόγος
| loghos
(= a speaking) < λέγω
| leghō
(= speak)).
archbishop
< old
english
ærcebiscop
< late
latin archiepiscopus
< ancient
greek αρχιεπίσκοπος
| arkhiepiskopos
< άρχω
| arkhō
(= be the first, rule) + επίσκοπος
| episkopos
(= bishop) (< επί |
epi (=
upon) + σκοπός
| skopos
(= watcher) (< σκέπτομαι
| skeptomae
(= watch, examine, think))).
architecture
< middle
french
architecture
< latin
architectura
< architectus
(= master builder) < ancient greek
αρχιτέκτων |
arkhitektōn
(= master builder) < άρχω
| arkhō
(= to lead, rule) + τέκτων
| tektōn
(= builder).
archives
< french
archif
< late
latin
archivum
(= written
record) <
ancient greek
αρχείον | arkhoeon
(= town hall, public building) <
αρχή | arkhē
(= a beginning, government) < άρχω
| arkhō
(= be the first, lead, rule).
arduous
< latin
arduus
(= high,
steep).
are
< old
english
earun
/ aron
<
proto-germanic
*ar-
< I.E.
*es-
(= to be).
area
< latin
area
(= level ground, open space) < (?) areo
(= become dry).
arena
< latin
harena
(= sand, sandy place, place of combat) < (?) etruscan
origin.
aria
< italian
aria
< latin
aer
(= air) <
ancient greek
αήρ | aēr
[gen. αέρος | a-eros]
(= air,
mist, haze).
arid
< french
aride
(= dry) < latin
aridus
(= dry) < areo
[inf. arere]
(= be dry).
Aries
< latin
aries
(= ram).
arise
< old
english
arisan
(= get up) < a-
(= on, in) + rise
(< risan
(= rise) < proto-germanic
*us-rīsanan
(= go up).
Argentina
< latin
argentinus
(= of silver) <
argentum
(= silver).
argot
< french
argot
[the jargon of Paris rogues and thieves]
< middle
french
argot
(= group
of beggars) < (?) old
french
argoter
(= cut off the stubs left in pruning).
argue
< old
french
arguer
< latin
arguo
[inf. arguere]
(= to check, prove, declare).
aristocracy
< middle
french
aristocracie
< late
latin
aristocratia
< ancient greek
αριστοκρατία
| aristokratia
(= aristocracy) < άριστος
| aristos
(= best of its kind, noblest) + κράτος
| kratos
(= rule, power).
arithmetic
< middle english
arsmetike
< old
french
arsmetique
< latin
arithmetica
< ancient greek
αριθμητική
[τέχνη]
| arithmētikē
[tekhnē]
(= counting [art]) < αριθμητική,
female of αριθμητικός
| arithmētikos
(= arithmetical) < αριθμός
| arithmos
(= number).
ark
< old
english
earc
< latin
arca
(= large box, chest).
arm
(= upper
limb) < old
english
earm
< proto-germanic
*armaz
< I.E.
*ar-
(= fit together).
arm
(= weapon)
< middle english armes
[plural] <
old french
armes
[plural] <
latin arma
[plural] (= weapons) <
I.E.
*ar(ə)mo-
< *ar-
(= fit together).
Arnold
< old
high german
Arenwald
< arn
(= eagle) + wald
(= power).
aroma
< middle english
aroma <
latin
aroma
(= sweet odor) < ancient greek
άρωμα |
arōma (=
sweet herb).
arrange
< arengen
(= set a
line of battle) <
old french
arengier
(= put in battle order) <
a-
(< ad
(= to)) + rangier
(= set in a row) (<
rang
(= rank)).
array
< old
french
areyer
< areer
(= put in order) <
vulgar
latin
*arredo
[inf. arredare]
(= put in order) <
latin ad
(= to) + *redum
(<
frankish
*ræd-
(= ready)).
arrest
< old
french
arester
(= stay, stop) <
vulgar
latin
*arresto
[inf. arrestare]
(= stop) <
ad
(= to) + latin resto
[inf. restare]
(= stop) (<
re-
(= back) + sto
[inf. stare]
(= stand)).
arrive
< anglo-french
ariver
/ old
french
ariver
(= come to land) <
vulgar
latin
*arripo
[inf. arripare]
(= touch the shore) <
latin ad
ripam
(= to the shore) <
ad
(= to) + ripa
(= shore).
arrogate
< latin
arrogatus,
past participle of arrogo
[inf. arrogare]
< adrogo
[inf. adrogare]
(= claim for oneself) <
ad
(= to) + rogo
[inf. rogare]
(= ask, request).
around
< middle english
around
< on round
< a-
(= on, in) + round
(< anglo-french
rounde
< vulgar
latin
*retundus
< latin
rotundus
(= circular)).
arouse
< a-
(= on, in) + middle english
rouse
(< (?) old
french
r(e)user
(= stir up, awake)).
arrow
< old
english
arwan
< earh
(= arrow) < (?) old
norse ör
[gen. örvar].
arsenal
< italian
arzenale
< arabic
dar as-sina’ah
(= workshop) <
dar
(= house) + sina’ah
(= art, craft).
art
< old
french art
< latin
ars
[gen. artis]
(= work of
art, craft) <
I.E.
*ar(ə)-ti-
< *ar-
(= fit together).
arthritis
< latin
arthritis
< ancient greek
αρθρίτις
[νόσος]
| arthritis
[nosos] (=
[disease] of the joints) < αρθρίτις,
female of αρθρίτης
| arthritēs
(= pertaining to joints) < άρθρον
| arthron
(= a joint).
Arthur
<
medieval
latin
Art(h)urus
< (?) welsh
arth
(= bear).
article
< old
french
article
< latin
articulus
(= part, member), a diminutive of artus
(= a joint)
< I.E.
*ar(ə)-tu-
< *ar-
(= fit together).
artificial
< middle english
artificial <
old french
artificial
< latin
artificialis
(= belonging to art) < artificium
(= a work of art, skill) < artifex
[gen. artificis]
(= artist, craftsman) < ars
[gen. artis]
(= art) + facio
[inf. facere]
(= do, make).
as
< old
english
alswa
(= quite so).
ascend
< middle english
ascend <
latin
ascendo
[inf. ascendere]
(= climb up, rise) < ad
(= to) + scando
[inf. scandere]
(= climb).
ascetic
< ancient greek
ασκητικός |
askētikos
(= of hermits) < ασκητής
| askētēs
(= monk, hermit) < ασκώ
| askō
(= to exercise, train).
ash
< old
english
æsce
(= ash) <
proto-germanic
*askon
< I.E.
*as-
(= burn).
ask
< old
english
ascian
<
ahsian
< proto-germanic
*aiskojanan
< I.E.
*ais-
(= wish).
Ashley
<
Ashley
/ Ashleigh
< old
english
æsc
(= ash tree) (< proto-germanis
*askaz)
+ leah
(= open field).
Asia
< latin
Asia
< ancient
greek Ασία
| Asia <
(?) 1. akkadian
asu
(= sunrise) or 2. sanskrit usa
(= sunrise).
aspect
< latin
aspectus
(= sight, view, appearance) <
aspectus,
past participle of aspicio
[inf. aspicere]
< adspicio
[inf. adspicere]
(= look at, observe) <
ad
(= to) + specio
[inf. specere]
(= look).
aspire
< old
french
aspirer
< latin
aspiro
[inf. aspirare]
< adspiro
[inf. adspirare]
(= breathe upon) <
ad
(= to) + spiro
[inf. spirare]
(= breathe).
assassin
< medieval
french /
italian
Assassini
< Assissini
< arabic
hashishin
[a nickname for the Nizari Ismaili sect in Lebanon, who had the
reputation of intoxicating themselves by hashish for murdering the
opposing leaders] < hashishin,
plural of hashishiyy
(=
hashish).
assault
< old
french
as(s)aut
<
vulgar
latin
*adsaltus
(= attack) <
ad
(= to) + latin
saltus
(= a leap) (<
salio
[inf. salire]
(= to jump)).
assemble
< old
french
assembler
(= join, gather) <
latin
assimulo
[inf. assimulare]
(= gather) < adsimulo
[inf. adsimulare]
(= liken, compare, copy) <
ad
(= to) + simulo
[inf. simulare]
(= make like) (<
similis
(= similar).
assert
< latin
assertus,
past participle of assero
[inf. asserere]
< adsero
[inf. adserere]
(= to claim, appropriate) < ad
(= to) + sero
[inf. serere]
(= join together, put in a row).
assess
< middle english
assess <
anglo-french
assesser
< medieval
latin
assesso
[inf. assessare]
(= fix a tax upon) < latin
assessus,
past participle of assideo
[inf. assidere]
< adsideo
[inf. adsidere]
(= to sit beside, serve) < ad
(= to) + sedeo
[inf. sedere]
(= to sit).
assets
< anglo-french
assetz
< old
french
assez
(= sufficiency, satisfaction) < vulgar
latin *ad
satis
(= to sufficiency) < latin
ad
(= to) + satis
(= enough).
assign
< middle english
assign <
old french
assigner
(= assign) < latin
assigno
[inf. assignare]
< adsigno
[inf. adsignare]
(= mark out, assign) < ad
(= to) + signo
[inf. signare]
(= make a sign) (< signum
(= mark, sign)).
assimilate
< middle english
assimilate <
latin
assimilatus,
past participle of assimilo
[inf. assimilare]
< assimulo
[inf. assimulare]
< adsimulo
[inf. adsimulare]
(= copy, imitate) < ad
(= to) + simulo
[inf. simulare]
(= make similar) (< similis
(= similar)).
assist
< middle english
assisten
(= help, aid) <
old french
assister
(= help) <
latin
assisto
[inf. assistere]
< adsisto
[inf. adsistere]
(= stand by) <
ad
(= to) + sisto
[inf. sistere]
(= stand still) (<
sto
[inf. stare]
(= stand)).
associate
< latin
associates,
past participle of associo
[inf. associare]
< adsocio
[inf. adsociare]
(= join with) <
ad
(= to) + socio
[inf. sociare]
(= unite with) (<
socius
(= companion, ally)).
assort
< middle english
assort <
old french
assorter
(= to assort, match) < a-
(< latin
ad
(= to)) + sorte
(= category) (< latin
sors
[gen. sortis]
(= share, category)).
assume
< latin
assumo
[inf. assumere]
< adsumo
[inf. adsumere]
(= take up, take besides) <
ad
(= to) + sumo
[inf. sumere]
(= take) (<
sub
(= under) + emo
[inf. emere]
(= take)).
assure
< middle english
assure
< old
french
asseurer
(= to calm, render sure) < vulgar
latin
*assecuror
[inf. assecurari]
< ad
(= to) + securus
(= safe, secure).
asthma
< middle english
asma
< latin
asthma
< ancient greek
άσθμα | asthma
(= shortness of breath).
astonish
< middle english
astonien
< old
french
estoner
(= stun, daze) <
vulgar
latin
*extono
[inf. extonare]
< latin
ex
(= out) + tono
[inf. tonare]
(= to thunder).
astound
< middle english
astound <
middle
english
asto(u)ned,
past participle of aston(i)en
(= to stun) < old
french
estoner
(= to stun, daze) < vulgar
latin *extono
[inf. extonare]
< latin
ex
(= out) + tono
[inf. tonare]
(= to thunder).
astray
< middle english o
strai (= lost) < old
french estraie,
past participle of estraier (=
wander) < estree (=
route) < 1. latin via
strata (= paved road) < via
(= road) + strata,
female past participle of sterno
[inf. sternere]
(= lay down) or 2. vulgar latin
*estra(va)go
[inf. estra(va)gare]
(= wander outside) < extra
(= outside) + vagor
[inf. vagari]
(= to wander).
astrology
< middle english
astrology (=
foretelling based on stars’ moving) <
latin
astrologia
(= astronomy) < ancient greek
αστρολογία |
astrologhia
(= astronomy) < άστρον
| astron
(= star) + -λογία
| -loghia
(= study) (< λόγος
| loghos
(= a speaking) < λέγω
| leghō
(= speak)).
astronaut
< ancient greek
άστρον |
astron (=
star) + ναύτης |
naftēs (=
sailor) (< ναυς
| nafs
(= ship)).
astronomy
< middle english
astronomy <
old french
astronomie
(= astronomy, astrology) < latin
astronomia
< ancient greek
αστρονομία |
astronomia
< αστρονόμος
| astronomos
(= star-regulating) < άστρον
| astron
(= star) + νόμος |
nomos (=
rule, law).
asylum
< middle english
asylum <
asile
< latin
asylum
(= sanctuary) < ancient greek
άσυλον |
asylon (=
refuge) < άσυλον,
neuter of άσυλος
| asylos
(= inviolable) < α-
| a-
(= without) + συλώ
| sylō
(= to seize).
at
< old
english æt
< proto-germanic
*at
< I.E.
*ad-
(= to, at, near).
atelier
<
french
atelier
(= workshop) <
old french
astelier
(= woodpile) <
astele
(= piece of wood, splinter) < (?) late
latin
hastella
(= thin stick), a diminutive of hasta
(= spear, shaft).
atheist
< french
athéiste
< ancient greek
άθεος |
atheos (=
denying the gods, godless) < α-
| a-
(= without) + θεός
| theos
(= god).
athlete
< latin
athleta
(= wrestler, athlete) <
ancient greek
αθλητής
| athlētēs
(= prizefighter) < αθλώ
| athlō
(= contest for a prize) < άθλος
| athlos
(= feat, deed).
atmosphere
< atmosphaera
< modern
latin atmosphaera
< ancient greek
ατμός |
atmos (=
vapor, steam) + σφαίρα
| sphaera
(= sphere).
atom
< latin
atomus
(= indivisible
particle) <
ancient greek
άτομος
| atomos
(= uncut) <
α- | a-
(= without) + τόμος
| tomos (=
a cutting) (<
τέμνω
| temnō
(= cut)).
atrocious
< latin
atrox
[gen. atrocis]
(= fierce, savage).
atrophy
< french
atrophie
< late
latin atrophia
< ancient greek
ατροφία |
atrophia
(= a wasting away) < άτροφος
| atrophos
(= ill-fed, un-nourished) < α-
| a-
(= without) + τροφή
| trophē
(= nourishment) (< τρέφω
| trephō
(= to fatten)).
attach
< old
french
atachier
(= fasten) < estachier
(= attach, fix) <
a-
(< latin ad
(= to)) + (?) frankish
*stak(k)on
(= a post, stake).
attack
< french
attaquer
<
italian
attaccare
[battaglia]
(= join [battle]) < a-
(< latin ad
(= to)) + vulgar latin *stacco
[inf. staccare]
(<
frankish *
stak(k)on
(= a post, stake)).
attempt
< old
french
atempter
< atenter
(= try, test) <
latin
attempto
[inf. attemptare]
< adtempto
[inf. adtemptare]
(= try, attack, assail) <
ad
(= to) + tempto
[inf. temptare]
(= try).
attention
< old
french
attencion
< latin attentio
(= attention)
< attendo
[inf. attendere]
(= give heed to) <
ad
(= to) + tendo
[inf. tendere]
(= stretch).
attenuate
< latin
attenuatus,
past participle of attenuo
[inf. attenuare]
(= make thin, diminish) < ad
(= to) + tenuo
[inf. tenuare]
(= make thin) (< tenuis
(= thin)).
attitude
< french
attitude
<
italian
attitudine
(= disposition, posture) <
late latin
aptitudo
[gen. aptitudinis]
(= fitness) < latin aptus
(= joined, fitted).
attorn
< old
french
atorner
(= turn to, attribute) <
a-
(< latin ad
(= to) + tourner
(= turn) (<
latin
torno
[inf. tornare]
(= turn on a lathe) <
tornus
(= lathe) <
ancient greek
τόρνος
| tornos
(= lathe)).
attract
< latin
attractus,
past participle of attraho
[inf. attrahere]
< adtraho
[inf. adtrahere]
(= draw, pull) <
ad
(= to) + traho
[inf. trahere]
(= pull).
attribute
< latin
attributus,
past participle of attribuo
[inf. attribuere]
< adtribuo
[inf. adtribuere]
(= assign to, commit) <
ad
(= to) + tribuo
[inf. tribuere]
(= assign, give).
auberge
<
french
auberge
< old
french
alberge
< herberge
(= military station) <
frankish
*heriberga.
aubergine
< french
aubergine
< catalan
alberginera
< arabic
al-badinjan
(= the eggplant) < persian
badin-gan
< sanskrit
vatigagama.
auction
< latin
auctio
[gen. auctionis]
(= increment, public sale) < augeo
[inf. augere]
(= to increase).
audio
< latin
audio
[inf. audire]
(= hear, listen).
audition
< middle
french
audicion
(= hearing [in a court of law]) < latin
auditio
[gen. auditionis]
(= a
hearing) < audio
[inf. audire]
(= hear, listen).
Audrey
<
Aldreda
< Etheldreda
< old
english
Æðelðryð
< æðele
(= noble) + ðryð
(= strength, might).
augment
< middle english
augment <
old french
augmenter
(= increase) < late
latin
augmento
[inf. augmentare]
(= to increase) < latin
augmentum
(= growth) < augeo
[inf. augere]
(= to increase).
augur
< latin
augur
(= interpreter of omens) < (?) old
latin
*augos
[gen. augeris]
(= increase).
August
< latin
Augustus,
in honor of emperor Augustus Caesar < augustus
(= venerable)
< augur
(= augurer, diviner).
aunt
< anglo-french
aunte
/ old
french
ante
< latin
amita
(= paternal aunt), a diminutive of *amma
(= mommy).
aurora
< latin
Aurora,
the goddess of dawn.
auspicious
< latin
auspicium
(= divination by observing the birds’ flight) < auspex
[gen. auspices]
(= interpreter of birds’ omens) < I.E.
*awi-spek-
< *awi-
(= bird) + *spek-
(= observe).
austere
< old
french
austere
(= strict, severe, cruel) < latin
austerus
(= dry, harsh, sour) <
ancient greek
αυστηρός
| afstēros
(= bitter, harsh, strict).
Austin
< old
french
Aousten
< Augustine
< latin
Augustinus,
a diminutive of Augustus (=
venerable) < augur
(= augurer, diviner).
austral
< latin
australis
(= southern) <
auster
(= south wind, south).
Australia
< modern latin
[Terra]
Australis
(= southern [land]) <
australis
(= southern) <
auster
[gen. austris]
(= south wind, south).
Austria
<
medieval
latin
[Marchia]
austriaca
(= eastern [borderland]) [from the german point of view, cf. german
Österreich < old high
german
ostar (= eastern) + reich (= kingdom)] <
auster
[gen. austris]
(= east, [later] south).
authentic
< middle english
autentik
< old
french
autentique
< medieval
latin
authenticus
< ancient
greek αυθεντικός
| afthentikos
(= original) <
αυθέντης
| afthentēs
(= one acting on one's own authority).
author
< middle english
auctor
/ auto(u)r
< old
french
auct(e)or
< latin
auctor
(= producer, father, founder) < auctus,
past participle of augeo
[inf. augere]
(= to increase).
autism
< german
Autismus
< ancient greek
αυτός |
aftos (=
self) + [suffix] -ismus
(= action, state).
autograph
< french
autographe
< late
latin
autographum
< ancient greek
αυτόγραφον |
autoghraphon,
neuter of αυτόγραφος
| autoghraphos
(= written with one's own hand) < αυτός
| aftos
(= self) + γράφω |
graphō (=
write, draw).
automatic
<
ancient greek
αυτόματος |
aftomatos
(= acting
of one's own will, self-moving)
< αυτός
| aftos (=
self) + -ματος | -matos
(= thinking).
autonomy
< ancient greek
αυτονομία |
aftonomia
(= independence) < αυτόνομος
| aftonomos
(= independent) < αυτός
| aftos
(= self) + νόμος |
nomos (=
rule, law).
autopsy
< modern
latin
autopsia
< ancient greek
αυτοψία |
aftopsia
(= a seeing with one's own eyes) < αυτόπτης
| aftoptēs
(= eyewitness) < αυτός
| aftos
(= self) + stem οπ- | -op
of ‘ορώ
| horō
(= see).
autumn
< middle english
autumpne
< old
french
autumpne
/ automne
< latin
autumnus
< auctumnus (=
autumn).
auxiliary
< latin
auxiliaris
(= aiding) <
auxilium
(= aid, help), related to auctus,
past participle of augeo
[inf. augere]
(= to increase).
avail
< middle english
availen
< old
french a-
(< latin ad
(= to) + valoir
(= be worth) (<
latin
valeo
[inf. valere]
(= be strong)).
avatar
< sanskrit
avatarana
(= descent [of a deity to the earth in incarnate form])
< ava-
(= off, down) + tarati
(= [he] crosses over).
avenge
< middle english
avenge <
anglo-french
avenger
/ old
french
avengier
< a-
(< latin ad
(= to)) + vengier
(= take revenge) (< latin
vindico
[inf. vindicare]
(= to claim, avenge)).
avenue
< middle
french
avenue
< old
french
avenue
(= arrival) < avenu,
past participle of avenir
(= come to, arrive) <
latin
advenio
[inf. advenire]
(= come to, reach) <
ad
(= to) + venio
[inf. venire]
(= come).
average
< french
avarie
< italian
avaria (=
damage to ship) < arabic
‘awariya
(= damaged merchandise).
avert
< middle english
avert <
old french
avertir
(= turn, direct) < latin
averto
[inf. avertire]
(= turn away) < ab
(= off, away) + verto
[inf. vertere]
(= to turn).
aviation
<
french
aviation
< latin
avis
(= bird) < I.E.
*awi-
(= bird).
avocado
< spanish
avocado
[by influence of folk etymology of spanish
avocado (= lawyer) (<
latin
advocates)] < aguacate
< nahuatl
(of Aztecs) ahuakatl
(= avocado).
avoid
< anglo-french
avoider
< old
french
esvuidier
(= empty out) <
es-
(< latin ex
(= out) + vuidier
(= be empty) (<
voide
(= empty, vast) <
latin
vocivus
(= empty) <
latin
vacivus
< latin
vacuus
(= vacant)).
await
< middle english
awaiten
< old
french
awaitier
(= to watch, observe) < a-
(< latin ad
(= to)) + waitier
(= to watch) (< frankish *wahton
< proto-germanic
*waht-).
awake
< a merger of: 1. middle
english
awaken
(< old
english
awæcnan <
onwæcnan
(= to awake, arise) < a
(= on, in) + wacan
(= to arise)) + 2. middle
english
awakien
(< old
english
awacian
(= to awaken, arise) < a
(= on, in) + wacian
(= to be awake, watch)).
award
< anglo-french
awarder
< old
french
eswarder
(= decide,
judge) <
es-
(< latin ex
(= out) + warder
(= watch).
aware
< old
english
gewær
(= vigilant) <
proto-germanic
*ga-waraz
<
[prefix] *ga-
(= with, together) + *waraz
(= wary, cautious).
away
< old
english
aweg
< on weg
(= on from a place) < a-
(= on, in) + weg
(= road) (< proto-germanic *wega-
(= way)).
awe
< middle english
aue
(= fear,
terror) < aghe
< (?)
proto-germanic
*agiz-
(= fear, pain)).
awk
< old
norse
afugr
(= turned backwards, contrary) <
proto-germanic
*afug-
(= off, away).
awkward
< awk
(= back-handed) (< old
norse
afugr
(= contrary)) + [suffix] -ward
(< old english -weard
(= turn toward) < proto-germanic
*werda-
(= turn)).
axe
< old
english
ces
(= axe,
pickaxe, hatchet) <
proto-germanic
*akusjo
< I.E.
*agw(e)si-
(= axe).
axis
< latin
axis
(= axle, pivot) <
I.E. *aks-
(= axis).
azimuth
< old
french
azimut
< arabic
as-sumut,
plural of as-samt
(= the way, direction).
Azores
< (?) portuguese
açores, plural of açor
(= vulture).
Aztec
<
spanish
Azteca
< nahuatl
aztecatl
(= coming
from Aztlan).
azure
< old
french
azur
/ asur
<
medieval
latin
lazur(i)
<
persian
lazaward
(= the stone lapis lazuli) <
Lajward,
a place in Turkestan [where this stone was collected].