each
< old
english
ælc
(= any,
every) < a-gelic
(= ever alike) <
a
(= ever) + gelic
(= alike) < germanic
*aina-galik.
eager
< middle english
eager
< old
french
aigre
(= sour, acid, lively) <
vulgar
latin
*acrus
< latin
acer
(= sharp, acute).
eagle
<
middle english
eagle <
old french
egle
< old
provençal
aigla
< latin
aquila,
female of aquilus
(= eagle).
ear
(= organ
of hearing) < old
english
eare
<
proto-germanic
*auzon
{> old norse
eyra, danish
øre, dutch
oor, gothic
auso, german
Ohr} <
I.E. *ous-
(= ear) {> ancient greek
ους | ous, latin
auris, avestan
usi}.
ear
(= grain part of corn) <
old
english
ear
/ æher
<
proto-germanic
*akhuz <
I.E. *ak-
(= be sharp, pierce).
earl
< old
english
eorl
(= warrior, leader) <
proto-germanic
*erlaz.
early
< old
english
ærlice
< ær
(= soon) + [suffix] -lice.
earn
< old
english
earnian
(= deserve, merit, labor for) <
proto-germanic
*aznon
(= do harvest work, serve) < *azno
(= labor).
earnest
(= serious) < 1.
old
english
eornoste
(= serious) or 2. old
english
eornost
(= seriousness) <
proto-germanic
*er-n-os-ti-
< (?) I.E.
*er-(1)
(= to
move).
earnest
(= a pledge) <
middle english
earnest <
middle
english
ernes
(= a promise) < old
french
erres
< latin
arr(h)a
(= engagement) < (?) semitic
origin.
earth
< old
english
eorþe
(= soil, dry land, country) <
proto-germanic
*ertho
{> middle
dutch
eerde, old
frisian
erthe, old
saxon
ertha, old high
german
erda, german
Erde} < (?) I.E.
*er-(2)
(= earth,
ground).
ease
< middle english
ease
<
old french
aise
(= comfort) (< latin adjacens,
past participle of adjacio
[inf. adjacere]
(= to lie, rest) < ad
(= to) + jaceo
[inf. jacere]
(= to throw)).
east
< old
english
east(a)n
/ easte
<
proto-germanic
*aust-
(= east) <
I.E.
*aus-(1)
(= to
shine).
Easter
< old
english
Easterdæg
< Eastre
(<
proto-germanic
*austron-
(= dawn, a
goddess of spring) <
*aust-
(= east)) + old
english
dæg
(= day) (<
proto-germanic *dages-
(= day)).
easy
< middle english
easy <
old french
aise
(= comfort) (< latin adjacens,
past participle of adjacio
[inf. adjacere]
(= to lie, rest) < ad
(= to) + jaceo
[inf. jacere]
(= to throw)).
eat
< old
english
etan
<
proto-germanic *etan
{> old norse
eta, dutch
eten, german
essen} <
I.E. *ed-
(= to eat).
eave
<
eovese
< old
english
efes
(= edge of a roof) <
proto-germanic
*ubaswo-
/ *ubiswo
(= vestibule, porch) <
I.E. *upo
(= under).
ebb
< old
english
ebba
(= low tide) < (?) proto-germanic
*af-
< I.E.
*apo-
(= off, away).
ebola
< Ebola,
a river valley in Congo.
ebony
< (?)
1. middle
english
ebon
or 2. middle
english
hebenyf
< (?) latin
hebeninus
(= of ebony) <
ancient greek
εβένινος | ebheninos
< έβενος
| ebhenos
(= ebony) < (?) egyptian
hbnj.
eccentric
< middle
english eccentric
<
middle
french
eccentrique
< medieval
latin
eccentricus
<
ancient greek
έκκεντρος |
ekkentros
(= out of the center) <
εκ | ek
(= out of) + κέντρον |
kentron (=
center).
ecclesiastic
< middle
english ecclesiastic
<
middle
french
ecclésiastique
< late
latin
ecclesiasticus
(= of the church)
< ancient
greek εκκλησιαστικός
| ekklēsiastikos
(= of the assembly) <
εκκλησιαστής |
ekklēsiastēs
(= speaker in an assembly) <
εκκαλώ | ekkalō
(= call out to gather) <
εκ | ek
(= out) + καλώ | kalō
(= to call).
echo
< middle
english echo
<
latin echo
< ancient
greek ηχώ
| ēchō <
ηχή | ēkhē
(= sound).
eclectic
< french
eclectique
<
ancient greek
εκλεκτικός |
eklektikos
(= selective) <
εκλεκτός | eklektos
(= selected) <
εκλέγω | ekleghō
(= select) <
εκ | ek
(= out) + λέγω | leghō
(= choose, speak).
eclipse
< middle
english eclipse
<
old french
eclipse
< latin
eclipsis
< ancient
greek έκλειψις
| ekloepsis <
εκλείπω | ekloepō
(= disappear) <
εκ | ek
(= out) + λείπω | loepō
(= to leave).
ecology
< oecology
< german
Ökologie
< ancient
greek οίκος
| oekos (=
house) + -λογία
| -loghia
(= study) (< λόγος
| loghos
(= a speaking) < λέγω
| leghō
(= speak)).
economy
< latin
oeconomia
<
ancient greek
οικονομία |
oekonomia
(= household management) <
οικονόμος |
oekonomos
(= manager) <
οίκος | oekos
(= house) + νόμος |
nomos (=
managing) (<
νέμω | nemō
(= manage)).
ecru
< french
écru
(= raw, unbleached) <
old french
escru
(= raw, rough) <
es-
(= thoroughly) + latin
crudus
(= raw, crude).
ecstasy
< middle
english extasie
(= elation) <
old french
estaise
< late
latin
extasis
< ancient
greek έκστασις
| ekstasis
(= astonishment) <
εξίσταμαι |
existamae
(= displace, drive out of one’s mind) <
εκ, εξ
| ek, ex
(= out) + ‘ίσταμαι
| histamae
(= to stand).
Ecuador
< spanish
Ecuador (=
equator) [because the equator runs through this country] <
medieval
latin
aequator
[diei et noctis]
(= equalizer [of day and night]) < latin
aequo
[inf. aequare]
(= make equal) <
aequus
(= level, flat).
ecumenical
< late
latin
oecumenicus
(= universal) <
ancient greek
οικουμενικός |
oekoumenikos
(= from the whole world) <
οικουμένη [γη]
| oekoumenē
[ghē] (=
inhabited [earth]) <
οικουμένη |
oekoumenē,
female of present participle of οικούμαι
| oekoumae
(= be inhabited) < οίκος
| oekos
(= house, habitation).
edelweiss
< german
Edelweiß
(= noble
white) <
old high
german
edili
(= noble) + german
weiss
(= white).
Eden
< middle
english Eden
< hebrew
Edhen
(= (?) pleasure, delight).
Edgar
< old
english
Ead-gar
< ead
(= wealth, prosperity) + gar
(= spear).
edge
< old
english
ecg
(= corner, edge) <
proto-germanic
*agjo
< I.E.
*ak-
(= be sharp, pierce).
edifice
< middle
english edifice
< old
french
edifice
(= building) <
latin
aedificium
(= building) <
aedifico
[inf. aedificare]
(= to erect a building) <
aedis
(< aedes
(= temple, building)) + facio
[inf. facere]
(= do, make).
Edinburgh
<
celtic
[Din]
Eidyn
(= (?)
[fort] on a slope) +
old
english
burh
(= fort).
Edith
< old
english
Eadgyð
< ead
(= wealth, prosperity) + guð
(= war).
edition
< middle
english edition
< french
édition
< latin editio
(= a
producing) <
edo
[inf. edere]
(= bring forth, produce) <
ex
(= out) + do
[inf. dare]
(= give).
Edmund
< old
english
Eadmund
< ead
(= wealth, prosperity) + mund
(= hand, protector) <
proto-germanic
*mundo-.
educate
< middle
english educaten
< latin
educatus,
past participle of educo
[inf. educare]
(= bring up, educate) < educo
[inf. educere]
(= lead forth) <
ex
(= out) + duco
[inf. ducere]
(= to lead).
Edward
< old
english
Eadweard
< ead
(= wealth, prosperity) + weard (=
guardian).
Edwin
< old
english
Ead-wine
< ead
(= wealth, prosperity) + wine
(= friend, protector).
effect
< middle
english effect
< old
french
efet
(= result,
execution) <
latin
effectus
(= accomplishment) <
efficio
[inf. efficere]
(= work out) <
ex
(= out) + facio
[inf. facere]
(= do, make).
efficient
< middle
english efficient
<
old french
efficient
< latin
efficiens
[gen. efficientis]
(= effective),
present participle of efficio
[inf. efficere]
(= work out) <
ex
(= out) + facio
[inf. facere]
(= do, make).
effort
< middle
english effort
< middle
french
effort
< old
french
esforz
(= force) < esforcier
(= force out) <
vulgar
latin
*exfortio
[inf. exfortiare]
(= show strength) <
latin ex
(= out) + fortis
(= strong).
effuse
<
middle
english effuse
<
middle
french
effuser
< latin
effusus,
past participle of effundo
[inf. effundere]
(= pour forth) <
ex
(= out) + fundo
[inf. fundere]
(= to pour).
e.g.
< an abbreviation of latin
exempli
gratia
(= for the sake of example) < exemlpi,
genitive of exemplum
(= example) + gratia,
ablative of gratia
(= grace, favor, sake).
Egbert
< old
english
Ecg-beorht
< old
english
ecg
(= edge, sword) + beorht
(= bright).
egest
< latin
egestus,
past participle of egero
[inf. egerere]
(= bring out, discharge) <
ex
(= out) + gero
[inf. gerere]
(= to carry, bear).
egg
<
middle
english egge
< old
norse egg
< proto-germanic
*ajja(m)
< (?) I.E. *owyo-
/ *oyyo-
(= egg) < (?) *awi-
(= bird).
eggplant
< egg
+ plant
[so called from the original white color and the shape like an egg
(the white variety) of this plant].
egoism
< french
égoisme
<
modern
latin
egoismus
< latin
ego
(= I) < I.E.
*egō
{> ancient greek εγώ
| eghō}.
egregious
< latin
egregius
(= excellent) <
ex grege
(= above the flock) <
ex
(= out of) + grege,
ablative of grex
(= herd, flock).
egress
< latin
egressus,
past participle of egredior
[inf. egredi]
(= go out) <
ex
(= out) + gradior
[inf. gradi]
(= to step, go).
Egypt
<old
english
Egipte
<
french
Egypte
< ancient
greek Αίγυπτος
| Aeghyptos
<
akkadian
Ha(t)-ka-ptah
(= temple of the soul of Ptah) [the name of the ancient city Memphis]
< ha(t)
(= temple) + ka
(= soul) + Ptah (=
[god] Ptah).
eidolon
< ancient greek
είδωλον
| oedhōlon
(= reflection in a mirror, phantom, statue, idol)
< είδος
| oedhos
(= form, shape).
eight
< middle
english eighte
< ehte
< old
english
eahta
/ æhta
< proto-germanic
*akhto
{> swedish
åtta, dutch
acht, german
acht} <
I.E.
*okto(u)
(= eight) {> ancient greek
οκτώ | oktō, latin
octo (> italian
otto, spanish
ocho, french
huit), sanskrit astau}.
Eire
< old
irish Eriu
< old
celtic
*Iveriu <
(?) I.E.
*pi-wer-
(= fat, fertile) <
*peie-
(= be fat, swell).
either
< old
english
ægðer
< æghwæðer
(= each of
two, both) <
a
(= always) + [prefix] ge-
+ hwæðer
(= whether).
ejaculate
< latin
ejaculatus,
past participle of ejaculor
[inf. ejaculari]
(= to throw out) <
ex
(= out) + jaculor
[inf. jaculari]
(= to throw) (<
jaculum
(= javelin) <
jacio
[inf. jacere]
(= to throw)).
eject
< middle
english eject
<
latin
ejectus,
past participle of ejicio
[inf. ejicere]
(= throw out) <
ex
(= out) + jacio
[inf. jacere]
(= to throw).
elaboration
< late
latin
elaboratio
< latin
elaboro
[inf. elaborare]
(= work out) <
ex
(= out) + laboro
[inf. laborare]
(= to labor).
elapse
< middle
french
elapser
< latin
elapsus,
past participle of elabor
[inf. elabi]
(= slip away, escape) <
ex
(= out) + labor
[inf. labi]
(= to slip).
elastic
< elastick
< french
élastique
< modern
latin
elasticus
< ancient
greek ελαστός
| elastos
(= flexible) < ελαύνω
| elavnō
(= move, walk).
elation
< middle
english elation
<
old french
elacion
(= elation, arrogance) <
latin
elatio
(= a
carrying out) < elatus
(= elevated), past participle of effero
[inf. efferre]
(= carry out) <
ex
(= out) + fero
[past participle latus
(= carried), inf. ferre]
(= carry).
elbow
<
middle
english elbowe
< old
english
elnboga
(= elbow) <
proto-germanic
*elino-bugon
(= bend of
the forearm) < I.E.
*elina
(= arm) +
proto-germanic
*bugon-
(<
I.E.
*bheug-
(= to bend)).
elder
< old
english
eldra,
comparative of eald
/ ald (=
old age).
Eleanor
<
provençal
Alienor
< alia Aenor (=
[the] other Aenor) [a queen of Aquitaine, so called to distinguish
her from hers mother with the same name, Aenor] < latin
alia,
female of alius
(= other) +
old germanic Aenor.
election
< middle
english election
< anglo-french
eleccioun
/ old
french
elecion
< latin
electio
< eligo
[inf. eligere]
(= choose) <
ex
(= out) + lego
[inf. legere]
(= collect).
Electra
<
ancient greek
Ηλέκτρα
| Ēlektra
< ήλεκτρον
| ēlektron
(= amber) < ηλέκτωρ
| ēlektōr
(= shining,
bright).
electric
< modern
latin
electricus
< latin
electrum
(= amber) <
ancient greek
ήλεκτρον
| ēlektron
(= amber) < ηλέκτωρ
| ēlektōr
(= shining,
bright).
electrode
<
electro-
(<
electric) + ancient
greek ‘οδός
| hodhos
(= way, road).
elegant
< middle
english elegant
<
middle
french
élégant
< latin
elegans
[gen. elegantis]
(= choice,
tasteful) < eligo
[inf. eligere]
(= choose) <
ex
(= out) + lego
[inf. legere]
(= collect).
element
< middle
english element
< old
french element
< latin
elementum
(= rudiment, first principle).
elephant
< middle
english olyfaunt
< old
french
olifant
< latin
elephantus
< ancient
greek ελέφας
| elephas
[gen. ελέφαντος |
elephantos]
(= elephant).
elevate
< middle
english elevate
<
latin
elevatus,
past participle of elevo
[inf. elevare]
(= lift up) <
ex
(= out) + levo
[inf. levare]
(= raise) (<
levis
(= light, not heavy)).
eleven
< middle
english
elleovene
< old
english en(d)leofan
(= one
left, over ten) <
proto-germanic
*ainlif-
{> old
norse
ellifu, dutch
elf, old
saxon
elleban, gothic
ainlif, old high
german
einlif, german
elf} < *ain
(= one) + I.E. *leikw-
(= to leave).
elf
< old
english
elf
/ ælf
/ ylfe (=
sprite, fairy, goblin)
< proto-germanic
*albiz
< (?) I.E.
*albho-
(= white).
Elias
< ancient greek Ηλίας
| Ēlias
< hebrew
Eliyahu
(= God [is] Yah[weh]) < El
(= God) + Yah /
Yoh,
a shortening of Yahwah /
Yahweh (= God).
eligible
< middle
english
eligible
< old
french
eligible
(= fit to be chosen) <
late latin
eligibilis
(= that may be chosen) <
latin
eligo
[inf. eligere]
(= choose) <
ex
(= out) + lego
[inf. legere]
(= collect).
eliminate
< latin
eliminatus,
past participle of elimino
[inf. eliminare]
(= expel) <
ex
limine
(= off the threshold) <
ex
(= out) + limine,
ablative of limen
(= threshold).
Eliot
<old
french Eliot,
a diminutive of Elias <
ancient greek Ηλίας
| Ēlias
< hebrew
Eliyahu
(= God [is] Yah[veh]) < El
(= God) + Yah /
Yoh,
a shortening of Yahwah /
Yahweh (= God).
elite
<
french
élite
(= selection, choice) <
old french
eslite,
female past participle of eli(s)re
(= pick out) <
latin
eligo
[inf. eligere]
(= choose) <
ex
(= out) + lego
[inf. legere]
(= collect).
elixir
< middle
english
elixir
< medieval
latin
elixir
(= philosopher’s stone) <
arabic
al-iksir
(= the philosopher’s stone) < al
(= the) + iksir
(< ancient greek
ξηρίον |
xērion (=
powder for drying wounds) <
ξηρός |
xēros (=
dry)).
Elizabeth
< late
latin
Elisabeth
< ancient
greek Ελισάβετ
| Elisabhet <
hebrew Elishebha
(= God is abundant / God is an oath).
Ellen
<
french
Hélène
< latin
Helena
< ancient
greek ‘Ελένη
| hElenē
(= Helen).
ellipse
< french
ellipse
< latin
ellipsis
<
ancient greek
έλλειψις
| elloepsis
(= a falling short, defect) < ελλείπω
| elloepō
(= to fall short) <
εν
| en (=
in) + λείπω
| loepō
(= to leave).
elm
< old
english
elm
< proto-germanic
*elmaz.
eloquence
< middle
english
eloquence <
old french
eloquence
< latin
eloquentia
< eloquens
[gen. eloquentis],
present participle of eloquor
[inf. eloqui]
(= speak out) <
ex
(= out) + loquor
[inf. loqui]
(= speak).
Elsa
<
german Elsa,
a diminutive of Elisabet
< late
latin
Elisabeth
< ancient
greek Ελισάβετ
| Elisabhet <
hebrew Elishebha
(= God is abundant / God is an oath).
else
< old
english
elles
(= other, different) <
proto-germanic
*aljaz
< I.E.
*al-
(= beyond).
elude
< latin
eludo
[inf. eludere]
(= finish play, win at play) <
ex
(= out, away) + ludo
[inf. ludere]
(= to play).
Elvira
<
spanish
Elvira
< germanic
(?) ala
(= all) + wer
(+ true).
Elysium
< latin
Elysium
< ancient
greek Ηλύσιον
[πεδίον] | Ēlysion
[pedhion]
(= Elysian [field]) []a place where heroes dwell after their death].
e-mail
< electronic
+ mail.
email
(= type of pottery design pattern) <
french
email
< esmal
(= enamel)
< frankish *smalt
< proto-germanic *smaltjan
(= to smelt).
emanation
< late
latin
emanatio
< latin
emano
[inf. emanare]
(= flow out) <
ex
(= out) + mano
[inf. manare]
(= to flow).
emancipate
< latin
emancipatus,
past participle of emancipo
[inf. emancipare]
(= declare as free) < ex
(= out) + mancipo
[inf. mancipare]
(= deliver) (<
mancipum
(= ownership) <
manus
(= hand) + capio
[inf. capere]
(= take, hold)).
embargo
<
spanish
embargo
(= seizure, arrest) < embargar
(= restrain, arrest) <
vulgar
latin
*imbarrico
[inf. imbarricare]
< in
(= into) + *barra
(= bar, barrier).
embarrass
< french
embarrasser
(= to
block) <
italian
imbarrazzo
< imbarrare
(= to bar) <
in-
(= into, upon) + vulgar
latin
*barra
(= bar, barrier).
embassy
< middle
french
embassee
(= mission, office of ambassador) < old
french
ambassee
< italian
ambasciata
< old
provençal
ambaisada
(= office of ambassador) <
gaulish
*ambactos
(= dependant).
embed
< em-
(< french en-
< latin
in
(= into)) + bed
(< old english bedd
(= bed)).
embellish
< middle
english
embellish <
old french
embellir
(= make beautiful) <
en-
(< latin in
(= into)) + bel
(= beautiful) (<
latin
bellus
(= handsome)).
ember
< old
english
æmerge
(= ember) < proto-germanic
*aim-uzjon-
< *aima-(=
ashes) + *uzjo-
(= to burn).
ember-days
< old
english
Ymbrendaeg
(= 12 days of the year for fasting and prayers)
< ymbren
(< ymbryne
(= course, anniversary) < ymb
(= round) + ryne
(= course)) + dæg
(= day).
emblem
< latin
emblema
(= inlaid ornamental work) <
ancient greek
έμβλημα
| embhlēma
(= insertion) <
εμβάλλω
| embhallō
(= to insert) <
εν
| en (=
in) + βάλλω
| bhallō
(= to throw).
embolism
< middle
english
embolism
< old
french
embolisme
(= intercalation) <
late latin
embolismus <
late
ancient greek
εμβολισμός |
embholismos
(= intercalation) <
έμβολος | embholos
(= stopper, beak of a ship) <
εμβάλλω
| embhallō
(= to insert) <
εν
| en (=
in) + βάλλω
| bhallō
(= to throw).
embrace
< middle
english
embrace
< old
french
embracier
(= clasp
in the arms) <
en-
(< latin in
(= into)) + brace
(= the arms) (<
latin
bracchium
(= an arm,
a forearm) <
ancient greek
βραχίων
| bhrakhiōn
(= an arm) < βραχύς
| bhrakhys
(= short)).
embroider
< middle
english
embroider <
anglo-french
enbrouder
< en-
(< latin in
(= into)) + broisder
(= embroider) (<
frankish
*brozdon
< proto-germanic
*bruzdajan).
embryo
<
middle
english
embryo <
medieval
latin
embryo
<
ancient greek
έμβρυον
| embhryon
(= foetus) <
εν
| en (=
in) + βρύω
| bhryō
(= swell).
emerald
<
middle
english
emeraude
< old
french
esmeraude
<
medieval
latin
esmaraldus
< latin
smaragdus
< ancient
greek σμάραγδος
| smaraghdhos
(= emerald) <
semitic
baraq
(= shine).
emerge
< middle
french
émerger
< latin
emergo
[inf. emergere]
(= bring forth) <
ex
(= out) + mergo
[inf. mergere]
(= to sink).
emetic
<
french
émétique
< latin
emeticus
< ancient
greek εμετικός
| emetikos
(= causing vomiting) <
emesis
(= vomiting) <
εμώ
| emō (=
to vomit).
emigrate
< latin
emigratus,
past participle of emigro
[inf. emigrare]
(= move away) <
ex
(= out) + migro
[inf. migrare]
(= to move).
Emil
<
german
Emil
< french
Emilé
< latin
Aemilius
<
aemulus
(= rivaling).
eminence
< middle english eminence
< old
french
eminence
< latin
eminentia
(= a distinctive feature) <
eminens,
present participle of emineo
[inf. eminere]
(= to project) <
ex
(= out) + mineo
[inf. minere]
(= to
raise).
emirate
< emir
< arabic
amir
(= commander).
emit
< latin
emitto
[inf. emittere]
(= send forth) <
ex
(= out) + mitto
[inf. mittere]
(= to send).
Emma
<
german
Emma
< Erma
< Ermentrude
< old high german Ermentrudis
< ermin
(= whole) + trut
(= dear).
Emmanuel
<
ancient greek
Εμμανουήλ
| Emmanouēl
< hebrew
‘Immanu’el
(= God
with us) <
‘immanu
(= with us) (<
‘im
(= with)) + El
(= God).
emoji
< japanese
emoji [1999]
< e
(= picture) + moji
(= character).
emollient
< french
émollient
< latin
emolliens,
present participle of emollio
[inf. emollire]
(= soften) <
ex
(= out) + mollio
[inf. mollire]
(= soften) (<
mollis
(= soft)).
emolument
< middle english emolument
< old
french
émolument (=
advantage) < latin
emolumentum
(= gain) <
emolo
[inf. emolere]
(= grind out) <
ex
(= out) + molo
[inf. molere]
(= to grind).
emotion
< middle
french
émotion
< old
french
emouvoir
(= stir up) <
latin emoveo
[inf. emovere]
(= move out) <
ex
(= out) + moveo
[inf. movere]
(= to move).
empathy
< ancient greek
εμπάθεια |
empathoea
(= passion) <
εν |
en (= in)
+ πάθος |
pathos (=
strong feeling) (< πάσχω
| paskhō (=
suffer, ail)).
emperor
< middle english emperor
< old
french
empereor
< latin
imperator
(= commander,
emperor) < imparo
[inf.
imperare]
(= to command) <
in
(= into) +
paro
[inf.
parare]
(= prepare).
emphasis
< latin
emphasis
< ancient
greek έμφασις
| emphasis
(= significance) <
εμφαίνω
| emphaenō
(= to exhibit) <
εν
| en (=
in) + φαίνω
| phaenō
(= to show).
empire
< middle english empire
< old
french
empire
< latin
imperium
(= a command, authority, dominion) <
imparo
[inf.
imperare]
(= to command) <
in
(= into) + paro
[inf. parare]
(= prepare).
employ
< middle english employ
< old
french
emploiier
(= make
use of, apply) <
latin
implico
[inf. implicare]
(= enfold, involve) <
in (=
into) + plico
[inf. plicare]
(= to fold).
emporium
< latin
emporium
< ancient
greek εμπόριον
| emporion
(= trading place) <
έμπορος
| emporos
(= merchant) <
εν
| en (=
in) + πόρος
| poros (=
passage).
empty
< middle english empty
<
old
english
æmettig
(= at leisure, not occupied) <
æmetta
(= leisure).
emulation
< middle
french
émulation
< latin
aemulatio
(= competition)
< aemulo
[inf. aemulari]
(= to rival) <
aemulus
(= rivaling).
emulsion
< french
émulsion
< latin
emulsus,
past participle of emulgeo
[inf. emulgere]
(= to milk out) <
ex
(= out) + mulgeo
[inf. mulgere]
(= to milk).
enamel
< middle english enamel
< anglo-french
enamailler
< en
(= in) + amailler
< old
french
esmailler
< esmal (=
enamel) < frankish
*smalt
< proto-germanic *smaltjan
(= to smelt).
enchant
< middle english enchant
< old
french
enchanter
(= bewitch, charm) <
latin
incanto [inf.
incantare]
(= to enchant) <
in-
(= into) + canto
[inf. cantare]
(= to sing).
encomium
< late
latin
encomium
< ancient
greek εγκώμιον
[μέλος]
| egkōmion
[melos] (=
laudatory [ode]) <
εγκώμιον,
neuter of εγκώμιος
| egkōmios (=
complementary) < εν
| en (=
in) + κώμος
| kōmos
(= procession, merrymaking).
encore
< french
encore
(= still, again, also) < vulgar
latin 1.
*hinc ad horam
(= from then to [this] hour) or 2. in
hanc horam
(= to this hour) < latin hinc
(= from here, from then) / ad
(= to) / hora
(= hour) / hanc,
accusative of haec,
female of hic
(= this).
encounter
< middle english encounter
<
old french
encontre
(= meeting) < encontre
(= against) < late
latin
incontra
(= in front of) <
latin in
(= into) + contra
(= against).
encrypt
< ancient
greek εν |
en (= in) + κρυπτός
| kryptos
(= hidden) (< κρύπτω
| kryptō
(= to
hide).
encyclopedia
< french encyclopédie<
modern
latin
encyclopaedia
< ancient greek
εγκυκλοπαιδεία
| egkyklopaedhoea
< εγκύκλιος
παιδεία | egkyklios
paedhoea
(= general
education) < εγκύκλιος
(= into the circle) (< εν
| en (=
in) + κύκλος | kyklos
(= circle)) + παιδεία
(= education) (< παιδεύω
| paedhevō
(= educate) < παις |
paes [gen.
παιδός | paedhos]
(= child).
end
< old
english
ende
<
proto-germanic
*andiaz
{> old
norse
endir, dutch
einde, german
Ende} <
I.E.
*antjo
(= end, boundary) <
*ant-
(= front).
endeavor
< middle english endeavor
<
[put] in
dever
(= make it one's duty) < old
french
[mettre]
en
deveir
(= [put] in duty) <
old french
dever
(= duty) <
latin
debeo
[inf. debere]
(= to owe) <
de
(= off, away) + habeo
[inf. habere]
(= hold, have).
endemic
<
ancient greek
ένδημος |
endhēmos
(= of the community) <
εν |
en (= in)
+ δήμος |
dhēmos (=
people, community).
endorse
< middle english endosse
< old
french
endosser
(= to put
on the back) <
en
(= in) + dos
(= back) (<
latin
dossum
< dorsum (=
back)).
endow
< middle english indowen
<
anglo-french
endover
< en-
(= in) + old
french
douer
(= endow) <
latin doto
[inf. dotare]
(= to endow) <
dos
[gen. dotis]
(= marriage
portion).
endue
< middle english endue
<
old french
enduire
/ induire
(= lead) < latin
induco
[inf. inducere]
(= to lead) < in
(= into) + duco
[inf. ducere]
(= to lead).
endure
< middle english endure
<
old french
endurer
(= harden) <
latin
induro
[inf. indurare]
(= harden) <
in (=
into) + duro
[inf. durare]
(= harden) (<
durus
(= hard)).
enemy
< middle english enemy
<
old french
enemi
< inimi
(= enemy,
demon) <
latin
inimicus
(= an enemy) <
in-
(= not) + amicus
(= friend).
energy
< middle
french
énergie
< late
latin
energia
< ancient
greek ενέργεια
| energhoea
(= activity, action) <
ενεργός | energhos
(= active) <
εν | en
(= in) + έργον | erghon
(= work, action).
engage
< middle english engage
<
old french
engagier
(= to pledge) <
en gage
(= under pledge) <
en (= in) + gage
(= pledge) (< proto-germanic
*wadiare
(= pledge)).
engine
< middle english engine
<
old french
engin
(= skill, trick, war machine) <
latin
ingenium
(= ability, inborn character, war engine) <
in
(= in) + gigno
[inf. gignere]
(= give birth).
England
< old
english
Engla land
(= land of Angles) < Engle
(= Angles) + land
(= ground,
soil, territory) (<
proto-germanic
*landja-).
English
< old
english
Englisc
(= of the
Angles) <
Engle
(= Angles).
enhance
< middle english anhaunsen
<
anglo-french
enhauncer
< old
french
enhaucier
(= make greater or higher) <
vulgar
latin *
inaltio [inf. inaltiare]
< late
latin
inalto
[inf. inaltare]
(= raise) < in
(= into) + alto
[inf. altare]
(= make high) (<
altus
(= high)).
enigma
< middle english
enigmate
< latin
aenigma
(= riddle) <
ancient greek
αίνιγμα | aenighma
(= riddle) <
αινίσσομαι |
aenissomae
(= speak obscurely) <
αίνος | aenos
(= tale, story).
enjoy
< middle english enjoy
<
old french
enjoir
(= to give joy) <
en-
(= in) + joir
(= enjoy) (<
latin
gaudo
[inf. gaudere]
(= rejoice)).
enormous
< latin
enormis
(= irregular, extraordinary) <
ex
(= out) + norma
(= rule, norm).
enough
< middle english enough
<
old
english
genog
(= sufficient) <
proto-germanic
*ganog
(= sufficient).
ensemble
< french
ensemblée
(= all the parts) <
late latin
insimul
(= at the same time) <
latin in
(= into) + simul
(= together, at the same time).
ensue
< middle english ensue
<
old french
ensivre
(= come afterward) <
late latin
insequo
[inf. insequere]
< latin
insequor
[inf. insequi]
(= follow after) <
in
(= into) + sequo
[inf. sequi]
(= follow).
enter
< middle english entren
< old
french
entrer
(= go in) <
latin
intro
[inf. intrare]
(= go in) <
intra
(= within).
enterprise
< middle english enterprize
< old
french
enterprise
(= an undertaking), female past participle of entreprendre
(= undertake) <
entre-
(< latin inter
(= between)) + prendre
(= take) (< latin
pre(he)ndo
[inf. pre(he)ndere]
(= to seize) (< prae-
(= before) + -hendo
[inf. -hendere]
(= to seize)).
entertain
< middle english entertain
<
old french
entretenir
(= hold together, support) <
entre-
(< latin inter
(= between)) + tenir
(= hold) (< latin
teneo
[inf. tenere]
(= hold)).
enthusiasm
< middle
french
enthousiasme
< late
latin
enthusiasmus
< ancient
greek ενθουσιασμός
| enthousiasmos
(= divine inspiration, ecstasy) <
ενθουσιάζω
| enthousiazō
(= be inspired by a god) <
ένθεος
| entheos
(= divinely inspired) <
εν
| en (=
in) + θεός
| theos (=
god).
entire
< middle english entire
<
old french
entier
(= whole) <
latin
integrum,
neuter of integer
(= complete) < in-
(= not) + tango
[inf. tangere]
(= to touch).
entity
< late
latin
entitas
< ens
[gen. entis]
(= a
thing, being) < esse (=
to be), infinitive
of sum
(= I am).
enthalpy
< ancient greek
ενθάλπω
| enthalpō
(= to warm in) <
εν
| en (=
in) + θάλπω
| thalpō
(= to heat) (<
θάλπος
| thalpos
(= warmth)).
entropy
< german
Entropie
<
ancient greek
εντροπία
| entropia
(= a turning toward) <
εν
| en (=
in) + τροπή
| tropē
(= turning) (< τρέπω
| trepō
(= to turn)).
enunciate
< latin
enunciatus
/ enuntiatus,
past participle of enuntio
[inf. enuntiare]
(= speak out) <
ex
(= out) + nuntio
[inf. nuntiare]
(= to announce) (<
nuntius
(= messenger)).
envelop
< middle english envolupen
< old
french
envoleper
(= fold up) <
en-
(= in) + voloper
(= fold).
environ
< middle english environ
<
old french
environer
(= to surround) < environ
(= round about) <
en-
(= in) + viron
(= circle) (<
virer
(= to turn)).
envoy
<
french
envoyé
(= messenger), past participle of envoyer
(= to send) <
vulgar
latin
*invio
[inf. inviare]
(= send on a way) <
latin in
(= on, in) + via
(= road).
envy
< middle english envy
<
old french
envie
(= jealousy) <
latin
invidia
(= jealousy) <
invidus
(= envious) <
invideo
[inf. invidere]
(= envy, hate) <
in-
(= on, in) + video
[inf. videre]
(= see).
enzyme
< german
Enzym
<
medieval greek
ένζυμος |
enzymos (=
leavened, kneaded) <
ancient greek εν
| en (=
in) + ζύμη |
zymē (=
leaven).
eon
< late
latin aeon
< ancient
greek αιών
| aeōn (=
age, a lifetime, eternity) <
I.E. *aiw-
(= vital force, long life, eternity).
epaulet
< epaulette
<
french
épaulette
(= epaulet), a diminutive of épaule
(= shoulder) <
old french
espaule
<
medieval
latin
spatula
(= shoulder
blade) < latin
spatula
(= splint), a diminutive of spatha
<
ancient greek
σπάθη
| spathē
(= broad sword).
epeiric
< ancient greek
ήπειρος
| ēpoeros
(= mainland, continent) <
I.E.
*apero-
(= shore).
Ephraim
< ancient greek
Ε(υ)φραίμ
| E(f)phraem
< hebrew
Ephrajim
(= productive, fertile) < parah
(= was fruitful).
epic
< middle
french
épique
< latin
epicus
< ancient
greek επικός
| epikos <
έπος
| epos (=
tale, story, heroic poem) <
I.E.
*wekw-
(= speak).
epidemic
< french
épidémique
< épidemié
(= epidemic disease) <
medieval
latin
epidemia
< ancient
greek επιδημία
| epidhēmia
(= a stay in a place, epidemic disease) <
επί
| epi (=
on, upon) + δήμος
| dhēmos
(= people, community).
epigram
< middle english epigramme
< old
french
épigramme
< latin
epigramma
(= inscription) <
ancient greek
επίγραμμα
| epighramma
(= inscription on a tomb) <
επιγράφω
| epighraphō
(= write on) < επί
| epi (=
on) + γράφω
| ghraphō
(= write, draw).
epigraph
< ancient greek
επιγραφή
| epighraphē
(= inscription) <
επιγράφω
| epighraphō
(= write on) <
επί
| epi (=
on) + γράφω
| ghraphō
(= write, draw).
epilepsy
< middle
french
epilepsie
< late
latin
epilepsia
< ancient
greek επιληψία
| epilēpsia
(= epilepsy) < επίληπτος
| epilēptos
(= epileptic) < επιλαμβάνω
| epilambhanō
(= seize upon) <
επί
| epi (=
on, upon) + λαμβάνω
| lambhanō
(= take).
epilogue
< middle english epilogue
<
middle
french
epilogue
< latin
epilogus
< ancient
greek επίλογος
| epiloghos
(= conclusion) <
επί
| epi (=
on) + λόγος
| loghos
(= a speaking) (< λέγω
| leghō
(= speak)).
epiphany
< middle english epiphany
<
old french
epiphanie
< late
latin
epiphania
< late
ancient greek
επιφάνεια
| epiphanoea
(= manifestation) <
επιφανής |
epiphanēs
(= manifest, conspicuous) <
επιφαίνω
| epiphaenō
(= to manifest, show off) <
επί
| epi (=
on) + φαίνω
| phaenō
(= to show).
episcopal
< middle english episcopal
<
middle
french
épiscopal
< late
latin
episcopalis
< episcopus
< ancient
greek επίσκοπος
| episkopos
(= watcher, overseer, bishop) {> french
évêque,
italian vescovo, spanish
obispo, old high
german
biscof} <
επί | epi
(= on, upon) + σκοπός |
skopos (=
watcher) (< σκέπτομαι
| skeptomae
(= watch, examine, think)).
episode
< french
épisode
< ancient greek
επεισόδιον
| epoesodhion
(= an episode), neuter of επεισόδιος
| epoesodhios
(= coming in besides) <
επί
| epi (=
on) + είσοδος
| oesodhos
(= entrance) (< εις
| oes (=
into) + ‘οδός
| hodhos
(= way, road).
epitaph
<
middle english epitaph
<
old french
epitaphe
< medieval
latin
epitaphium
<
ancient greek
επιτάφιον
| epitaphion
(= funeral oration), neuter of επιτάφιος
[λόγος] | epitaphios
[loghos]
(= funeral [speaking]) <
επί
| epi (=
on) + τάφος
| taphos
(= grave).
epoch
< epocha
<
medieval
latin
epocha
< ancient
greek εποχή
| epokhē
(= fixed point of time) <
επέχω
| epekhō
(= take up a position) <
επί
| epi (=
on) + έχω
| ekhō (=
have).
equal
< middle english equal
<
latin
aequalis
(= identical, equal) <
aequus
(= level, flat).
equator
< middle english equator
<
medieval
latin
aequator
[diei et noctis]
(= equalizer [of day and night]) < latin
aequo
[inf. aequare]
(= make equal) <
aequus
(= level, flat).
equestrian
< latin
equester
[gen. equestris]
(= of a
horseman) <
eques
(= horseman) <
equus
(= horse) < I.E.
*ekwo-
(= horse).
equilibrium
< latin
aequilibrium
(= a horizontal position) <
aequilibris
(= level, horizontal) <
aequus
(= level, equal) + libra
(= a balance).
equinox
< middle english equinox
<
old french
equinoce
/ medieval
latin
equinoxium
(= equality of night) <
latin
aequinoctium
<
aequus
(= level, equal) + nox
[gen. noctis]
(= night).
equipment
< [1.
equip
+ -ment
or 2. french
équipement]
< middle
french
équiper
(= fit out) <
old french
esquiper
(= fit out a ship) < (?) old
norse skipa
(= arrange, fit out a ship) <
skip (=
ship).
era
< aera
< late
latin aera
/ era
(= an epoch from which time is reckoned) < latin
aera
(= counters for calculation), plural of aes
[gen. aeris]
(= brass,
copper, money).
eradicate
< middle english eradicate
<
latin
eradicatus,
past participle of eradico
[inf.eradicare]
(= extirpate) <
ex
(= out) + radix
[gen. radicis]
(= root).
erase
< latin
erasus,
past participle of erado
[inf. eradere]
(= shave, remove) <
ex
(= out) + rado
[inf. radere]
(= to scrape).
Erasmus
< latin Erasmus
(= beloved)
< ancient greek
εράσμιος |
erasmios
(= lovely) <
ερώ |
erō (= to
love).
erect
< middle english erect
<
latin
erectus,
past participle of erigo
[inf. erigere]
(= raise up) <
ex
(= out) + rego
[inf. regere]
(= to direct).
ergonomics
<
ancient greek
έργον |
erghon (=
work) + economics
(< ancient greek οικονομικός
| oekonomikos
(= of economy) <
οικονομία |
oekonomia
(= household management) <
οικονόμος |
oekonomos
(= manager) <
οίκος | oekos
(= house) + νόμος |
nomos (=
managing) (<
νέμω | nemō
(= manage))).
Eric
< old
norse
Eirikr
<
proto-germanic
*aiza-
(= honor) + *rik-
(= ruler).
Ernest
<
french
Ernest
(= earnest,
serious) <
proto-germanic
*er-n-os-ti-
{> old high
german
Ernust / german
Ernst (= earnestness)}.
Eros
< middle english Eros
<
ancient greek
Έρως | Erōs,
the god of love < έρως
| erōs (=
love) <
ερώ |
erō (= to
love).
erotic
< french
érotique
<
ancient greek
ερωτικός
| erōtikos
(= referring to love) <
έρως
| erōs [gen. έρωτος | erōtos)
(= love).
errand
< old
english
ærende
(= message, mission) <
proto-germanic
*airundija-
(= message, errand).
err
< middle english err
<
old french
errer
(= go astray) <
latin erro
[inf. errare]
(= wander, be in error).
errant
< middle english errant
<
anglo-french
erraunt
< 1. old
french
errant,
past participle of errer
(= go astray) <
latin erro
[inf. errare]
(= wander, be in error) or 2. old
french
errant,
present participle of errer
(= to travel, wander) <
late latin
itero
[inf. iterare]
< latin
iter
(= journey) <
ire,
infinitive of eo (=
go).
error
< errour
< old
french
error
(= mistake) <
latin
error
(= a
wandering, mistake) <
erro
[inf. errare]
(= wander, be in error).
erudite
< middle english erudite
<
latin
eruditus,
past participle of erudio
[inf. erudire]
(= educate) <
ex
(= out) + rudis
(= rough, unlearned).
erupt
< latin
eruptus,
past participle of erumpo
[inf. erumpere]
(= to break out) <
ex
(= out) + rumpo
[inf. rumpere]
(= to break).
escalade
< middle
french
escalade
<
italian
scalata,
female past participle of scalare
(= to climb by a ladder) <
scala
(= ladder) < latin scando
[inf. scandere]
(= to climb).
escape
< middle english escape
<
old french
esc(h)aper
<
vulgar
latin
*excappo
[inf. excappare]
(= get
out) <
latin ex
(= out) + late
latin
cappa
(= mantle).
eschew
< middle english eschew
< old
french
eschiver
(= avoid) <
frankish
*skiuhan
(= dread, shun) <
proto-germanic
*skeukhwaz.
escort
< middle
french
escorte
<
italian
scorta
(= a
guiding) <
scorgere
(= to guide) <
vulgar
latin
*excorrigo
[inf. excorrigere]
< latin
ex
(= out) + corrigo
[inf. corrigere]
(= put straight) <
com (=
with, together) + rego
[inf. regere]
(= lead straight, rule).
Eskimo
< danish
Eskimo
/ middle
french
Esquimaux
< (?) algonquian
1. eskimants
(= eats raw [meat]) [< eski
(= raw) + mants
(= he eats)] or 2. askimo /
ashkimeq
(= eaters
of raw [meat]) [<
proto-algonquian
*ask-
(= raw) + *-imo
(= eat)] or 3. (= snowshoe-netter).
[Their native name is Inuit,
plural of inuk
(= human)].
Esmerelda
<
spanish
Esmerelda
(= emerald)
<
medieval
latin
esmaraldus
< latin
smaragdus
< ancient
greek σμάραγδος
| smaraghdhos
(= emerald) <
semitic
baraq
(= shine).
esophagus
< middle english oesophagus
<
ancient greek
οισοφάγος
| oesophaghos
(= gullet) <
οίσω
| oesō,
future tense of φέρω
| pherō
(= to carry) + -φάγος
| -phagos (<
stem φάγ-
| phag- of
έφαγον | ephaghon,
past tense of εσθίω
| esthiō
(= eat)).
esoteric
< ancient greek
εσωτερικός
| esōterikos
(= of inner place) <
εσωτέρω
| esōterō
(= more within), comparative of έσω
| esō (=
within).
especial
< middle english especial
<
old french
especial
(= important) <
latin
specialis
(= of particular kind) < species
(= kind, species).
espionage
< french
espionnage
(= spying) <
middle
french
espionner
(= to spy) <
espion
(= a spy) < (?) old
italian spione
(= a spy) < proto-germanic
*spehon-.
esplanade
<
french
esplanade
<
spanish
esplanada,
female past participle of esplanar
(= make level) <
latin
explano
[inf. explanare]
(= flatten) <
ex
(= out) + planus
(= flat).
espresso
< italian
[caffe]
espresso
< espresso,
past participle of esprimere
(= press out) < latin
exprimo
exprimere]
(= press out) <
ex
(= out) + premo
[inf. premere]
(= to press).
esprit
< middle
french
esprit
(= spirit, mind) <
old french
espirit
(= spirit, soul) <
latin spiritus
(= spirit).
esquire
< middle english esquire
<
middle
french
esquier
(= squire) <
old french
escuier
(= shield-bearer) <
medieval
latin
scutarius
(= guardsman) <
scutum
(= shield).
essay
< middle
french
essai
(= trial, attempt, essay) <
late latin
exagium
(= a weight) <
latin
exigo
[inf. exigere]
(= drive out, try) <
ex
(= out) + ago
[inf. agere]
(= drive, lead, act).
essence
< middle english essencia
< latin
essentia
(= being, essence) < esse
(= to be), infinitive of sum
(= I am).
Essex
< old
english
East-Seaxe
(= East Saxons).
establish
< middle english establish
<
old french
establir
(= set up, erect) <
latin
stabilio
[inf. stabilire]
(= make stable) <
stabilis
(= stable).
estate
< middle english estate
<
old french
estat
(= state, position) <
latin
status
(= state, position, place) < sto
[inf. stare]
(= to stand).
Esther
<
ancient greek
Εσθήρ
| Esthēr <
hebrew
Ester
< persian
sitareh (=
star).
estimate
< latin
aestimatus
(= determine a value) < aestimo
[inf. aestimare]
(= to value).
etagere
< french
étagère
< étage
(= shelf, story) <
vulgar
latin
*staticum
< latin
statio
(= station, post) < sto
[inf. stare]
(= to stand).
etc.
< middle english etc.
<
latin et
cetera
(= and the
others) <
et
(= and) + cetera,
neuter plural of ceterus
(= the other).
etch
< dutch
etsen
< german
ätzen
(= to etch) <
old high
german azzon
(= to feed).
eternal
< middle english eternal
<
old french
eternel
(= eternal) / late
latin
aeternalis
< latin
aeternus
(= lasting, endless) < aeviternus
(= of great age) <
aevum
(= age).
Ethan
<
hebrew
ethan
(= strong, permanent).
Ethel
< a shortening of old
english
Etheldred
/ Ethelinda
< æðele
(= noble) + bryht
(= bright).
ether
< middle english ether
<
old french
ether
< latin
aether
(= upper air, firmament) <
ancient greek
αιθήρ | aethēr
(= upper air) <
αίθω | aethō
(= to burn).
ethic
< middle english ethik
< old
french
etique
(= ethics) <
late latin
ethica
< ancient
greek ηθική
[φιλοσοφία] | ēthikē
[philosophia]
(= moral [philosophy]) < ηθική,
female of ηθικός |
ēthikos
(= ethical) <
ήθος | ēthos
(= moral character).
Ethiop
< middle english Ethiop
<
latin
Aethiops
(= Ethiopian) <
ancient greek
Αιθίοψ | Aethiops
(= Ethiopian, “sun-burned”) < αίθω
| aethō
(= to burn) + ωψ | ōps
(= face).
ethnic
< middle english ethnic
<
late latin
ethnicus
< ancient
greek εθνικός
| ethnikos
(= national) <
έθνος | ethnos
(= nation).
ethos
<
ancient greek
ήθος |
ēthos (=
moral character, custom, [in plural] manners).
etiology
< aetiology
/ aitiology
< late
latin
aetiologia
< ancient
greek αιτιολογία
| aetiologhia
(= statement of cause) <
αιτία | aetia
(= cause) + λόγος
| loghos
(= a speaking) (< λέγω
| leghō
(= speak)).
etiquette
< french
étiquette
< old
french
estiquette
(= label, ticket) < estiquer (=
stick on, attach) < frankish *stikkan
< proto-germanic
*stikken
(= to be stuck).
Etna
< latin
Aetna
< sicilian
*aith-na
(= the fiery one) <
I.E.
*ai-dh-
< *ai-(2)
(= to
burn).
Etta
< a shortening of Henrietta <
french Henriette,
female of Henri <
latin Henricus
< german
Heinrich <
old german
Heimerich < heim
(= home) + rihhi
(= ruler).
etude
< french
étude
(= a study)
< latin
studium
(= a study) < studeo
[inf. studere]
(= to study).
etymology
< middle english ethimolegia
< old
french
et(h)imologie
< latin
etymologia
< ancient
greek ετυμολογία
| etymologhia
< έτυμον | etymon
(= true sense, original meaning), neuter of έτυμος
| etymos
(= true) + -λογία
| -loghia
(= study) (< λόγος |
loghos (=
a speaking) < λέγω
| leghō
(= speak)).
eucalyptus
< modern
latin
eucalyptus <
ancient greek
ευ |
ef (=
well) + καλύπτω
| kalyptō
(= covered).
Eucharist
<
middle english Eucharist
<
old french
eucariste
< late
latin
eucharistia
< ancient
greek ευχαριστία
| efkharistia
(= thanksgiving) <
ευχάριστος
| efkharistos
(= grateful) <
ευ
| ef (=
well) + χάρις
| kharis
(= favor, grace).
Euclidean
< ancient greek
Ευκλείδης
| Efkloedhēs,
ancient geometer < ευ
| ef (=
well) + κλέος | kleos
(= fame).
Eugene
<
french
Eugène
< latin
Eugenius
< ancient
greek Ευγένιος
| Evghenios
<
ευγενής
| evghenēs
(= nobleman, gentle) < ευ
| ef, ev
(= well) + γένος |
ghenos
(= parentage).
eulogy
< middle english eulogy
<
latin
eulogium
< ancient
greek ευλογία
| evloghia
(= praise, good language, blessing)) <
ευ
| ef, ev
(= well) + λόγος |
loghos (=
a speaking) (< λέγω
| leghō
(= speak)).
eunuch
<
middle english eunuch
<
middle
french
eunuque
< latin
eunuchus
< ancient
greek ευνούχος
| evnoukhos
(= castrated man) <
ευνή
| evnē (=
bed) + έχω
| ekhō (=
have).
euphemism
< ancient greek
ευφημισμός
| efphēmismos
(= use of a favorable word in place of an inauspicious one,
superstitious avoidance of words of ill-omen during religious
ceremonies), < ευφημίζω
| efphēmizō
(= speak with fair words) <
ευ
| ef (=
well) + φήμη
| phēmē
(= voice, fame).
euphoria
< ancient greek
ευφορία
| efphoria
(= ebullience) <
εύφορος
| efphoros
(= fertile)
< ευ
| ef (=
well) + φέρω
| pherō
(= to carry).
Euphrates
< old
english
Eufrate
< ancient
greek Ευφράτης
| Efphratēs < (?)
1. akkadian Ufratu
< u
(= much) + pratu
(= wide) or 2. old
persian Ufratu
< avestan
huperethuua
< hu-
(= good) + peretu-
(= ford).
eureka
<
ancient greek
εύρηκα
| eurēka
(= I have found), perfect tense of ευρίσκω
| evriskō
(= find) [shouted by Archimedes, when he solved a difficult problem].
Euro
< European
[currency]
(1996) < Europe (q.v.).
Europe
< latin
Europa
<
ancient greek
Ευρώπη
| Evrōpē
< 1.
ευρύς
| evrys (=
wide) + ωψ
| ōps
[gen. ωπός |
ōpos] (=
face, eye) or 2. phoenician
‘ereb
(= evening) / akkadian
erebu
(= go down, set), hence “west”.
Eustachian
tube < italian
[Bartolomeo]
Eustachio,
a doctor [who discovered this tube in the head] < latin
Eustachius
<
ancient greek
Εύσταχος |
Efstakhos
< ευ
| ef
(= well) + στάχυς
| stakhys
(= ear of grain).
euthanasia
< ancient greek
ευθανασία |
efthanasia
< ευ
| ef (=
well) + θάνατος
| thanatos
(= death).
Euxine
< latin
[Pontus]
Euxinus
< ancient
greek Εύξεινος
[πόντος] | Efxoenos
[pontos]
(= hospitable [sea]) (< ευ
| ef (=
well) + ξένος
| xenos (=
host, guest, stranger)), an euphemism for [the dangerous, for the
ships, Black Sea with the original name] Άξεινος
[πόντος] | Axoenos
[pontos]
(= inhospitable [sea]) < (?) old
persian
axshaina
/ akhshaena
(= dark)
[a similar-sounding with ancient greek
άξεινος |
αxoenos], the name for this sea, because
of its dangerous waves or its black color in the bottom.
evacuate
< latin
evacuatus,
past participle of evacuo
[inf. evacuare]
(= to empty) < ex
(= out) + vacuus
(= vacant).
evaluation
< french
évaluation
< évaluer
(= find the value) <
é-
(< latin ex
(= out)) + valuer
(<
latin
valeo
[inf. valere]
(= be strong, be healthy)).
Evan
< welsh Evan
(= John) [(?) by influence of welsh
ieuanc
(= young man) <
celtic
*yowanko-].
evanescent
< french
évanescent
< latin
evanescens [gen.
evanescentis],
present participle of evanesco
[inf. evanescere]
(= disappear) <
ex
(= out) + vanesco
[inf. vanescere]
(= to vanish) (< vanus
(= empty)).
evangel
< middle english evangel
< old
french
evangile
< late
latin
evangelium
< ancient
greek ευαγγέλιον
| evanggelion
< ευαγγελίζομαι
| evaggelizomae
(= bring good news) <
ευ
| ef, ev
(= good) + αγγέλω
| aggellō
(= announce) (<
άγγελος
| anggelos
(= messenger)).
evade
< middle
french
evader
< latin
evado
[inf. evadere]
(= to escape) <
ex
(= away) + vado
[inf. vadere]
(= go, walk).
Eve
< ancient greek Εύα
| Eva
<
hebrew
Hawwah
(= a
living being, life) <
hawa
(= he lived).
evection
< late
latin
evectio
(= a
carrying upward) <
latin
eveho
[inf. evehere]
< ex
(= out) + veho
[inf. vehere]
(= to carry).
Evelyn
< 1. Eve
(< ancient greek Εύα
| Eva
<
hebrew
Hawwah
(= a
living being, life) <
hawa
(= he lived)) or 2. french
Aveline
< old
high german
Avelina
< Avila
<
avi (= (?) desired).
even
< old
english
efen
(= level, equal, like, calm) <
proto-germanic
*ebna-.
evening
< old
english
æfnung
(= sunset) < æfnian
(= become evening) <
æfen
(= evening) <
proto-germanic
*æbando-.
event
< middle
french
event
< latin
eventus
(= occurrence, fortune) <
evenio
[inf. evenire]
(= come out, happen) <
ex
(= out) + venio
[inf. venire]
(= come).
ever
< old
english
æfre
(= ever, always) < (?) a in
feore
(= ever in
life).
Everest
< [George]
Everest,
a Welsh surveyor and geographer in India (< french
Devereux
< Evereux,
a place in France < celtic
name of a tribe (in latin
Eburovices) < Ebura,
a river).
every
<
middle english every
< old
english
æfre
ælc
(= ever
each).
evict
< middle english evict
<
latin
evictus,
past participle of evinco
[inf. evincere]
(= conquer, vanquish) <
ex
(= out) + vinco
[inf. vincere]
(= conquer).
evident
< middle english evident
<
old french
evident
< latin
evidens
[gen. evidentis]
(= obvious, apparent) < ex
(= out) + videns,
present participle of video
[inf. videre]
(= see).
evil
< old
english
yfel
(= bad,
wicked) <
proto-germanic
*ubilaz
< I.E.
*upelo-
< *wap-
(= bad, evil).
evoke
< french
évoquer
< latin
evoco
[inf. evocare]
(= call out) <
ex
(= out) + voco
[inf. vocare]
(= to call).
evolution
< latin
evolutio
(= unrolling)
< evolvo
[inf. evolvere]
(= to unroll) <
ex
(= out) + volvo
[inf. volvere]
(= to roll).
ewe
< old
english
eowu,
female of eow
(= sheep) <
proto-germanic
*awi
< I.E.
*owi-
(= sheep).
exact
< latin
exactus
(= accurate) < exigo
[inf. exigere]
(= drive out, try) <
ex
(= out) + ago
[inf. agere]
(= drive, lead, act).
exalt
< middle english exalt
<
old french
exalter
< latin
exalto
[inf. exaltare]
(= raise) <
ex
(= out) + altus
(= high).
examine
< middle english examine
<
old french
examiner
(= interrogate) <
latin
examino
[inf. examinare]
(= to test, consider) <
examen
[gen. examinis]
(= a means of weighing) < (?) exigo
[inf. exigere]
(= drive out, try) <
ex
(= out) + ago
[inf. agere]
(= drive, lead, act).
example
< middle english example
< essample
/ asaumple
< old
french
essemple
(= sample, model) <
latin
exemplum
(= sample, image, model) <
eximo
[inf. eximere]
(= take out, free) <
ex
(= out) + emo
[inf. emere]
(= take, buy).
excavate
< latin
excavatus,
past participle of excavo
[inf. excavare]
(= to hollow out) <
ex
(= out) + cavo
[inf. cavare]
(= to hollow) (<
cavus
(= cave)).
exceed
< middle english
exceden
< old
french
exceder
(= surpass) <
latin
excedo
[inf. excedere]
(= depart, go beyond) <
ex
(= out) + cedo
[inf. cedere]
(= go).
excel
< middle english excel
<
latin excello
[inf. excellere]
(= to rise, surpass) <
ex
(= out) + -cello
[inf. -cellere]
(= rise high).
excellent
< middle english excellent
< old
french
excellent
(= outstanding) <
latin
excellens
[gen. excellentis],
present participle of excello
[inf. excellere]
(= to rise, surpass) <
ex
(= out) + -cello
[inf. -cellere]
(= rise high).
excelsior
< latin
excelsior
(= higher), comparative of excelsus,
past participle of excello
[inf. excellere]
(= to rise, surpass) <
ex
(= out) + -cello
[inf. -cellere]
(= rise high).
except
< middle english except
<
middle
french
excepter
< latin
exceptus,
past participle of excipio
[inf. excipere]
(= take out) <
ex
(= out) + capio
[inf. capere]
(= take, hold).
excerpt
< middle english excerpt
<
latin
excerptus,
past participle of excerpo
[inf. excerpere]
(= extract) <
ex
(= out) + carpo
[inf. carpere]
(= gather).
excess
< middle english excess
<
old french
exces
(= extravagance) <
latin
excessus
(= departure) <
excedo
[inf. excedere]
(= depart, go beyond) <
ex
(= out) + cedo
[inf. cedere]
(= go).
excise
<
middle
french
exciser
< latin
excisus,
past participle of excido
[inf. excidere]
(= cut out) <
ex (=
out) + caedo
[inf. caedere]
(= cut down).
excite
< middle english excite
<
old french
esciter
< latin
excito
[inf. excitare]
(= rouse, call out) < excio
[inf. exciere]
(= call forth) <
ex
(= out) + cio
[inf. ciere]
(= to move, call).
exclude
< middle english exclude
<
latin
excludo
[inf. excludere]
(= keep out, shut out) <
ex
(= out) + claudo
[inf. claudere]
(= to close).
excrete
< latin
excretus,
past participle of excerno
[inf. excernere]
(= sift out) <
ex
(= out) + cerno
[inf. cernere]
(= sift, separate).
excursion
< latin
excursio
(= expedition, excursion) < excurro
[inf. excurrere]
(= run out) <
ex
(= out) + curro
[inf. currere]
(= to run).
excuse
< middle english excuse
<
old french
escuser
(= apologize)
< latin
excuso
[inf. excusare]
(= apologize) <
ex
(= out) + causa (=
accusation).
execrate
< latin
ex(s)ecratus,
past participle of ex(s)ecror
[inf. ex(s)ecrari]
(= to curse, hate) <
ex
(= out) + sacro
[inf. sacrare]
(= devote to).
execute
< middle english execure
< old
french
executer
<
medieval
latin
executo
[inf. executare]
< latin
ex(s)equor
[inf. ex(s)equi]
(= to follow out) <
ex
(= out) + sequor
[inf. sequi]
(= follow).
exemplar
< middle english exemplar
<
old french
exemplaire
< late
latin
exemplarium
< latin
exemplum
(= a copy, pattern).
exempt
< middle english exempt
<
old french
exempt
< latin
exemptus,
past participle of eximo
[inf. eximere]
(= take out, free) <
ex
(= out) + emo
[inf. emere]
(= take, buy).
exercise
< middle english exercise
<
old french
exercice
< latin
exercitium
(= training) <
exercito
[inf. exercitare]
(= to train) < exerceo
[inf. exercere]
(= keep at work, train) <
ex
(= out) + arceo
[inf. arcere]
(= keep away).
exert
< latin
ex(s)ertus,
past participle of ex(s)ero
[inf. ex(s)erere]
(= thrust out) <
ex
(= out) + sero
[inf. serere]
(= attach).
exfoliate
< late
latin
exfoliatus,
past participle of exfolio
[inf. exfoliare]
(= strip of leaves) <
ex
(= out) + folium
(= leaf).
exhale
< middle english exhale
<
middle
french
exhaler
< latin
exhalo
[inf. exhalare]
(= breathe out) <
ex
(= out) + halo
[inf. halare]
(= breathe).
exhaust
< latin
exhaustus,
past participle of exhaurio
[inf. exhaurire]
(= take away, empty) <
ex
(= out) + haurio
[inf. haurire]
(= draw up).
exhibit
<
middle english exhibit
<
latin
exhibitus,
past participle of exhibeo
[inf. exhibere]
(= hold out, show) <
ex (=
out) + habeo
[inf. habere]
(= hold, have).
exhort
< middle english exhort
<
old french
exhorer
< latin
exhortari
[inf. exhortari]
(= exhort, encourage) < ex
(= out) + hortor
[inf. hortari]
(= encourage).
exigence
< middle english exigence
<
middle
french
exigence
< latin
exigentia
(= urgency) < exigens
[gen. exigentis],
present participle of exigo
[inf. exigere]
(= drive out, try) <
ex
(= out) + ago
[inf. agere]
(= drive, lead, act).
exile
< middle english exile
<
old french
essillier
(= exile, banish) <
late latin
ex(s)ilo
[inf. ex(s)ilare]
< latin
ex(s)ilium
(= banishment)
< ex(s)ul
[gen. ex(s)ulis]
(= banished person).
existence
< english existence
<
old french
existence
< medieval
latin
ex(s)istentia
< latin
ex(s)istens
[gen. ex(s)istentis],
present participle of ex(s)isto
[inf. ex(s)istere]
(= stand forth, appear) < ex
(= out) + sisto
[inf. sistere]
(= to stand) (<
sto
[inf.
stare] (= to stand)).
exit
< latin
exit
(= he goes out), third person of present tense of exeo
[inf. exire]
(= go out) <
ex
(= out) + eo
[inf. ire]
(= go).
exorcism
< middle english exorcism
<
late latin
exorcismus
< ancient
greek εξορκισμός
| exorkismos
(= exorcism)
< εξορκίζω
| exorkizō
(= exorcize) <
εξ
| ex (=
out) + ‘ορκίζω
| horkizō
(= cause to swear) (<
‘όρκος
| horkos
(= oath)).
exotic
< middle
french
exotique
< latin
exoticus
< ancient
greek εξωτικός
| exōtikos
(= foreign) <
έξω
| exō (=
out, outside).
expand
< middle english expand
< old
french
espandre
(= spread out) < latin
expando
[inf. expandere]
(= spread out) <
ex
(= out) + pando
[inf. pandere]
(= to spread).
expatiate
< latin
ex(s)patiatus,
past participle of ex(s)patior
[inf. ex(s)patiari]
(= wander) <
ex
(= out) + spatior
[inf. spatiari]
(= to walk) (<
spatium =
space).
expatriate
< french
expatrier
(= banish) <
ex-
(= out) + patrie
(= native country) <
latin ex
(= out) + patria
(= native country) (<
pater
[gen. patris]
(= father)).
expect
< latin
ex(s)pecto
[inf. ex(s)pectare]
(= await, desire) <
ex
(= out) + specto
[inf. spectare]
(= to look) (< specio
[inf. specere]
(= look at)).
expedite
< latin
expeditus,
past participle of expedio
[inf. expedire]
(= extricate, liberate) <
ex
(= out) + *pedis
(= fetter) (< pes
[gen. pedis]
(= foot)).
expend
< middle english expend
<
latin
expendo
[inf. expendere]
(= pay out) <
ex
(= out) + pendo
[inf. pendere]
(= to hang, pay).
expense
< middle english expense
<
anglo-french
expense
/ old
french
espense
< late
latin
expensa
(= outlay) < latin expensa,
neuter plural past participle of expendo
[inf. expendere]
(= pay out) <
ex
(= out) + pendo
[inf. pendere]
(= to hang, pay).
experience
< middle english experience
<
old french
esperience <
latin
experientia
(= trial, proof) <
experiens
[gen. experientis],
present participle of experior
[inf. experiri]
(= to try, test) <
ex (=
out) + peritus
(= experienced).
experiment
< middle english experiment
< old
french
esperment
< latin
experimentum
(= trial, proof) < experior
[inf. experiri]
(= to try, test) <
ex (=
out) + peritus
(= experienced).
expert
< middle english expert
<
old french
expert
/ espert
(= experienced) < latin expertus,
past participle of experior
[inf. experiri]
(= to try, test) <
ex (=
out) + peritus
(= experienced).
expiation
< middle english expiation
< latin
expiatio
(= satisfaction)
< expio
[inf. expiare]
(= atone for, make good) <
ex
(= out) + pio
[inf. piare]
(= propitiate) (<
pius
(= faithful)).
expire
< middle english expire
<
old french
expirer
(= expire) <
latin
ex(s)piro
[inf. ex(s)pirare]
(= breathe out, exhale) <
ex
(= out) + spiro
[inf. spirare]
(= to breathe).
explain
< middle english explain
<
latin
explano
[inf. explanare]
(= flatten, make clear) <
ex
(= out) + planus (=
flat).
expletive
< middle
french
explétif
< late
latin expletivus
(= serving to fill out) <
latin
expleo
[inf. explere]
(= fill out) <
ex
(= out) + pleo
[inf. plere]
(= to fill).
explicate
< latin
explicatus,
past participle of explico
[inf. explicare]
(= unfold, explain) <
ex
(= out) + plico
[inf. plicare]
(= to fold).
explode
< latin
explodo
[inf. explodere]
(= drive out by clapping, hoot off, reject)
< ex
(= out) + plaudo
[inf. plaudere]
(= to applaud).
exploit
< middle english exploit
<
old french
esploit
(= achievement) <
latin
explicitum
(= a thing settled) < explicitum,
neuter of past participle of explico
[inf. explicare]
(= unfold, explain) <
ex
(= out) + plico
[inf. plicare]
(= to fold).
explore
< middle
french
explorer
< latin
explore [inf. explorare]
(= test with a cry for hunting, search out) <
ex
(= out) + ploro
[inf. plorare]
(= to weep).
exponent
< latin
exponens
[gen. exponentis],
present participle of expono
[inf. exponere]
(= expose, exhibit) <
ex
(= out) + pono
[inf. ponere]
(= to put, place).
export
< latin
exporto
[inf. exportare]
(= carry out) <
ex (=
out) + porto
[inf. portare]
(= to carry).
expose
< middle english expose
<
old french
exposer
(= set forth, explain) <
latin
expono
[inf. exponere]
(= expose, exhibit) <
ex
(= out) + pono
[inf. ponere]
(= to put, place).
exposition
< middle english exposition
<
old french
esposicion
(= explanation) <
latin
expositio
(= narration) < expono
[inf. exponere]
(= expose, exhibit) <
ex
(= out) + pono
[inf. ponere]
(= to put, place).
expound
< middle english expound
<
old french
espondre
(= set forth, explain) <
latin
expono
[inf. exponere]
(= expose, exhibit) <
ex
(= out) + pono
[inf. ponere]
(= to put, place).
express
< middle english express
<
old french
expresser
(= press, squeeze out, speak one's mind) < medieval
latin
expresso
[inf. expressare]
(= to press out) <
latin ex
(= out) + presso
[inf. pressare]
(= to press) (<
latin
premo
[inf. premere]
(= to press)).
expurgate
< latin
expurgatus,
past participle of expurgo
[inf. expurgare]
(= cleanse out, purify).
exquisite
< middle english exquisite
<
latin
exquisitus
(= choice) <
exquiro
[inf. exquirere]
(= search out) <
ex
(= out) + quaero
[inf. quaerere]
(= to seek).
extend
< middle english extend
<
old french
estendre
(= stretch out, extend) <
latin
extendo
[inf. extendere]
(= stretch out, increase) <
ex
(= out) + tendo
[inf. tendere]
(= to stretch).
extenuate
< latin
extenuatus,
past participle of extenuo
[inf. extenuare]
(= make small, diminish) <
ex
(= out) + tenuo
[inf. tenuare]
(= make thin) (<
tenuis
(= thin)).
exterior
< latin
exterior
(= outward), comparative of exterus
(= on the outside), comparative of ex
(= out).
external
< middle english external
<
middle
french
externe
< latin
externus
(= outward) < exterus
(= on the outside), comparative of ex
(= out).
extinguish
< latin
ex(s)tinguo
[inf. ex(s)tinguere]
(= wipe out, obliterate) <
ex
(= out) + stinguo
[inf. stinguere]
(= quench).
extol
< middle english extol
<
latin
extollo
[inf. extollere]
(= to raise, elevate) <
ex
(= out) + tollo
[inf. tollere]
(= to raise).
extort
< latin
extortus,
past participle of extorquo
[inf. extorquere]
(= obtain by force) <
ex
(= out) + torquo
[inf. torquere]
(= to twist).
extra
< latin
extra
(= outside of), comparative of ex
(= out).
extract
<
middle english extract
<
latin
extractus,
past participle of extraho
[inf. extrahere]
(= draw out) <
ex
(= out) + traho
[inf. trahere]
(= to draw).
extraordinary
<
middle english extraordinary
<
latin
extraordinarius (=
out of the common order) <
extra
ordinem
(= out of order) <
extra
(= outside of) + ordinem,
accusative of ordo
(= rank, row).
extravagant
< middle english exttavagant
<
medieval
latin
extravagans
[gen. extravagantis],
present participle of extravagor
[inf. extravagari]
(= wander outside) <
latin
extra
(= outside of) + vagor
[inf. vagari]
(= wander).
extreme
< middle english extreme
<
old french
extreme
< latin
extremus
(= outermost, last, boundary), superlative of exterus
(= on the outside), comparative of
ex
(= out).
extricate
< latin
extricatus,
past participle of extrico
[inf. extricare]
(= clear up, disentangle) < (?) ex
(= out) + tricae (=
perplexities).
extrinsic
<
french
extrinsèque
< latin
extrinsecus
(= outwardly)
< exter
(= outside) + in
(= into) + secus
(= beside).
extrovert
< german
Extravert
< latin
extra
(= outside of) + verto
[inf. vertere]
(= to turn).
exuberant
< middle english exuberant
<
middle
french
exubérant
< latin
exuberans
[gen. exuberantis],
present participle of exubero
[inf. exuberare]
(= be abundant) <
ex
(= out) +
ubero
[inf. uberare]
(= be plentiful) (< uber
(= abundant) < uber
(= udder)).
exude
< latin
ex(s)udo
[inf. ex(s)udare]
(= sweat out) <
ex
(= out) + sudo
[inf. sudare]
(= to sweat) (<
sudor (= sweat)).
exult
< middle
french
exulter
< latin
ex(s)ulto
[inf. ex(s)ultare]
(= rejoice, revel) < exsilio
[inf. exsilire]
(= leap up) <
ex
(= out) + salio
[inf. salire]
(= to leap).
eye
< middle english eye
<
old
english
e(a)ge
(= eye,
hole) <
proto-germanic *augon
{> swedish
öga, danish
øie, dutch
oog, german
Auge} < I.E.
*okw-
(= see) {> latin
oculus
(= eye)}.
eyelet
< middle
english oilet
< french
oeillet,
a diminutive of oeil
(= eye) < latin
oculus
(= eye) < I.E.
*okw-
(= see).
Ezekiel
< late
latin
Ezechiel
< ancient
greek Ιεζεκιήλ
| Iezekiēl <
hebrew
Yehezqel
(= God
strengthens) <
hazaq
(= he strengthened) + El
(= God).